Matakai 5 na makoki a cikin Yahudanci

Lokacin da aka ba da sanarwar mutuwa a cikin duniyar Yahudawa, ana faɗi abin da ke zuwa:

Ibrananci: ברוך דיין האמת.
Fassara: Baruk dayan ha-im.
Turanci: "Albarka ta tabbata ga alƙalin gaskiya".
A wajen jana'izar, dangi yawanci sukan ce irin wannan albarkar:

Ibrananci: ברוך אתה ה 'אלוהינו מלך העולם, דיין האמת.
Fassara: Baruk atah Adonai Eloheynu melek ha'olam, dayan ha-im.
Turanci: "Albarka ta tabbata a gare ka, ya Ubangiji, Allahnmu, Sarkin sararin sama, mai mulkin gaskiya".

Don haka, dogon makoki yana farawa da jerin dokoki, hani da aiki.

Matakai biyar na makoki
Akwai matakai biyar na makoki a cikin Yahudanci.

Tsakanin mutuwa da binnewa.
Kwana uku na farko bayan binnewa: wasu lokuta baƙi sukan hana su ziyartarsu a wannan lokacin tunda ranakun yana da kyau.
Shiva (שבעה, a zahiri "bakwai"): lokacin makoki na kwanaki bakwai bayan binnewa, wanda ya hada da kwanakin farko na farko.
Shloshim (שלושים, a zahiri "talatin"): kwanaki 30 bayan binnewa, wanda ya hada da shiva. Murmushi a hankali ya dawo cikin jama'a.
Goma sha biyu ga watan, wanda ya haɗa da shloshim, wanda rayuwa ke zama mafi yawan tsari.

Duk da cewa lokacin makokin duk dangi ya ƙare bayan shloshim, yana ci gaba har tsawon watanni goma sha biyu ga waɗanda ke makokin mahaifiyarsu ko mahaifinsu.

Shiva
Shiva yana farawa nan da nan lokacin da akwatin gawa ke rufe duniya. Masu makokin da ba su iya zuwa hurumi su fara shiva a daidai lokacin jana'izar su. Shiva yana ƙare kwana bakwai bayan sallar asuba. Ana daukar ranar binnewa a matsayin rana ta farko koda kuwa cikakkiyar rana ce.

Idan shiva ya fara kuma akwai hutu mai mahimmanci (Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, idin ketarewa na Yahudawa, Shavuot, Sukkot), ana ganin shiva cikakke ne kuma sauran ranakun sun soke. Dalili kuwa shine ya zama wajibi a kasance cikin farin ciki a lokacin hutu. Idan mutuwa ta faru a lokacin hutu da kansu, jana'iza da shiva zasu fara daga baya.

Matsakaicin wurin zama shiva shi ne a gidan mamacin yayin da ruhunsa yake ci gaba da zama a can. Da baƙin ciki ya wanke hannu kafin ya shiga gidan, ya ci abinci na ta'aziyya kuma ya shirya gidan don makoki.

Untatawa da hana Shiva
A lokacin shiva, akwai hani da haramcin al'ada.

Barin gidan makoki yana da iyaka.
Za a lullube alamu. Akwai dalilai mabambanta, wanda daya daga cikin wanda ya yi makoki bai kamata ya inganta bayyanar sa ba a wannan lokacin.
Yin baƙin ciki zaune a kan karamin gado.
An haramta takalma na fata (a zamanin da, takalma na fata alama ce ta dukiya da ta'aziyya).
An hana gaisuwa ne ga duk mai baqin ciki da kuma wadanda suka zo don nuna ta’aziyyar su. Banda shi ne Asabar (Shabbat).
An haramta wanka. Ana iya cire datti a gida tare da sabulu da ruwa.
An haramta hana gyaran gashi.
Haramun haramun ne ga maza.
Haramun ne a yanka kusoshi.
An haramta wanke tufafi banda suturar da za ta sanya ranar Asabar.
Haramun ne sanya sabbin sutura. (Bayan lokacin shiva har zuwa karshen wata na 12, idan ya zama tilas ya sayi sabbin tufafi, mahalartar mai shiga ya kamata ya sami wanda ya sa shi da farko don ba a sake daukar shi "sabo".)
An haramta dangantakar aure.
Lallai karatun Attaura haramun ne domin kuwa tushen abin farin ciki ne.
Haramun ne a gudanar da kasuwanci. Akwai wasu keɓancewa (misali, babbar asara).

An haramta shiga jam’iyyun.
A Shabbat, ana barin makoki don barin gidan makoki don zuwa majami'ar kuma ba sa kayan da ya tsage. Nan da nan bayan hidimar maraice a ranar Asabar da yamma, makoki suna dawowa cike da zaman makoki.

Taron kwantar da tarzoma yayin Shiva
Yana da mitzvah don yin kiran shiva, wanda ke nufin ziyartar gidan shiva.

"Kuma bayan mutuwar Ibrahim ne Allah ya albarkaci Ishaku ɗansa" (Farawa 25:11).
Abinda ke cikin nassi shi ne cewa an albarkaci albarkacin Ishaku da mutuwa, don haka malamai suka fassara shi ta hanya cewa Allah ya albarkaci Ishaku ta wurin yi masa ta'aziyya. Dalilin kiran shiva shine don taimakawa sauƙaƙa zaman makokin rashin jin daɗin rashi. Duk da haka a lokaci guda, baƙo yana jira wanda ke baƙin ciki ya fara tattaunawar. Abun makoki ne don bayyana abin da yake so ya yi magana a kansa da kuma bayyanawa.

Abu na karshe da baƙon ya ce don yin baƙin ciki kafin ya fita shine:

Ibrananci: המקום ינחם אתכם בתוך אבלי ציון וירושלים
Ana fassara: HaMakom yenacheim etchem betoch sha'ar aveiliei Tzion v'Yerushalayim
Turanci: Allah ya yi maku ta'aziya a cikin sauran masu makokin Sihiyona da Urushalima.
Shloshim
Haramcin da ke ci gaba da kasancewa a karfi a Shiva ba aski bane, aski, yankan ƙusa, saka sabbin sutura da kuma halartar biki.

Watanni goma sha biyu
Ba kamar ƙidaya shiva da shloshim ba, ƙidaya watanni 12 yana farawa da ranar mutuwa. Yana da muhimmanci a ja layi a kan cewa watanni 12 ne ba shekara ba saboda a cikin yanayin tsalle-tsalle, makoki har yanzu kirga watanni 12 ne kawai kuma baya kirga duka shekarar.

Ana karanta Kaddish na Mourner tsawon watanni 11 a ƙarshen kowace sabis na addu'a. Ya taimaka wajen ta'azantar da waɗanda suke baƙin ciki kuma aka ce kawai a gaban maza akalla 10 (minian) ba cikin sirri ba.

Yizkor: Kiran matattu
Ana cewa addu'ar Yizkor a wasu lokuta na shekara don girmama mamacin. Wasu suna da dabi’ar faɗi hakan a karon farko a farkon hutu bayan mutuwa, yayin da wasu suke jira har ƙarshen ƙarshen watanni 12 na farko.

An ce Yizkor game da Yom Kippur, bikin Idin Yahudu, Shavuot, Sukkot da bikin tunawa da ranar tunawa da (ranar mutuwa) da kuma a gaban minyan. Ana kunna fitilar yizkor na tsawon awanni 25 duk kwanakin nan.

Daga lokacin mutuwa har zuwa ƙarshen Shloshim ko watanni 12, akwai - a saman - ƙa'idodin dokoki da za a bi. Amma waɗannan dokokin ne ke ba mu ta'aziyya da muke buƙata don sauƙaƙa ciwo da rashi.

Wasu ɓangarorin wannan post ɗin sun kasance abubuwan taimako na asali daga Caryn Meltz.