Menene theosophy? Ma'anar, asali da kuma imani

Theosophy yunkuri ne na falsafa tare da tsohuwar tushe, amma ana amfani da kalmar sau da yawa game da batun theosophical motsi wanda Helena Blavatsky, shugaban ruhaniyan Rasha da Jamusanci wanda ya rayu a lokacin rabin karni na XNUMX na karni na XNUMX. Blavatsky, wanda ya yi ikirarin yana da ikon ƙarfin tunani da suka hada da telepathy da clairvoyance, ya yi tafiya mai yawa cikin rayuwarsa. Dangane da rubuce rubucen ta, an ba ta hangen nesa game da asirin sararin duniya bayan tafiyarta a cikin Tibet da tattaunawa da Masters ko Mahatmas daban-daban.

Har ya zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, Blavatsky ya yi aiki ba da wahala ba don rubutawa da inganta koyarwarsa ta Theungiyar Theosophical Society. An kafa Kamfanin a cikin 1875 a New York, amma an ƙara saurin sa zuwa Indiya sannan kuma zuwa Turai da sauran Amurka. A lokacin da ya fara kai tsaye, theosophy ya shahara sosai, amma a ƙarshen karni na 20 kawai wasu kalilan na jama'a suka ragu. Theosophy, yana da alaƙa da addinin New Age kuma shine wahayin ƙungiyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke da nasaba da ruhaniya.

Maɓallin Takeaways: Theosophy
Theosophy falsafanci ne mai zurfin tunani wanda ya danganci tsoffin addinai da tatsuniyoyi, musamman ma addinin Buddha.
Heona Blavatsky, wanda ya rubuta litattafai masu yawa game da batun kuma ya haɗu da ƙungiyar Theosophical Society a Indiya, Turai da Amurka.
Membobin kungiyar Theosophical Society sun yi imani da hadin kan dukkan rayuwa da kuma yan uwantaka ta dukkan mutane. Sun kuma yi imani da ikon ruhaniya kamar clairvoyance, telepathy da tafiya ta astral.
asali
Theosophy, daga Girkanci theos (allah) da Sophia (hikima), ana iya samo su daga tsohuwar Gnostik na Girka da Newo-Platon. An san shi da Manicheans (tsohuwar ƙungiyar Iran) da kuma ga wasu ƙungiyoyi na da yawa da aka kwatanta da "ɗabi'un bidi'a". Duk da haka, Theosophy ba wata gagarumar motsi ba ce a wannan zamani har zuwa lokacin da Madame Blavatsky da mataimakanta suka jagoranci wani sanannen theosophy wanda ke da tasiri sosai a rayuwarta har ma a yau.

Helena Blavatsky, an haife shi a shekara ta 1831, ya yi rayuwa mai wahala. Tun yana saurayi ya yi iƙirarin samun ƙwarewar dabaru da kuma basira daban-daban tun daga clairvoyance zuwa hankali karatu zuwa tafiya ta astral. A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, Blavatsky ya yi balaguro sosai tare da ayyana cewa ya yi shekaru da yawa a cikin Tibet yana karatu tare da malamai da ruhubanai waɗanda ke musayar ba kawai koyarwar tsohuwar ba har ma da harshe da rubuce-rubucen asarar nahiyar ta Atlantis.

Helena Blavatsky

A cikin 1875, Blavatsky, Henry Karfe Olcott, William Quan Alkali da wasu da yawa sun kafa kungiyar ta Theosophical Society a United Kingdom. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya wallafa wani muhimmin littafin theosophy da ake kira "Isis an bayyana" wanda ya bayyana "tsohuwar hikimar" da falsafar Gabas wanda ra'ayoyin sa suka ginu.

A cikin 1882, Blavatsky da Olcott sun yi tafiya zuwa Adyar, Indiya, inda suka kafa hedkwatarsu ta ƙasa. Sha'awa mafi girma a Indiya fiye da Turai, mafi yawa saboda theosophy ya dogara ne akan falsafar Asiya (galibi Buddha). Su biyun sun kara kamfanin don hada wasu rassa. Olcott ya yi lectures a duk faɗin ƙasar yayin da Blavatsky ya rubuta kuma ya sadu da ƙungiyoyi masu sha'awar Adyar. Kungiyar ta kuma kafa surori a Amurka da Turai.

Kungiyar ta gamu da matsaloli a shekarar 1884 biyo bayan rahoton da kungiyar British Society for Psychical Research ta wallafa, wanda ta bayyana cewa Blavatsky da kamfaninsa zamba ne. An soke dangantakar daga baya, amma ba abin mamaki bane, dangantakar ta yi mummunar illa ga ci gaban motsi theosophical. Ba tare da damuwa ba, Blavatsky ya koma Ingila, inda ya ci gaba da rubuta manyan kundin tarihi akan falsafancin sa, wadanda suka hada da "babban aikinta", "Asirin Doctor".

Bayan mutuwar Blavatsky a cikin 1901, Theosophical Society ya ci gaba canje-canje da yawa da sha'awar theosophy. Koyaya, yana ci gaba da kasancewa mai motsi mai kyau, tare da surori a duniya. Hakanan ya zama wahayi ga sauran ƙungiyoyi na zamani da suka hada da motsi na New Age, wanda ya samo asali daga theosophy a shekarun 60s da 70s.

Imani da ayyuka
Theosophy falsafa ce mara kare kai, wanda ke nufin cewa ba a karɓar membobi ko korar su saboda imaninsu na sirri. Bayan ya faɗi hakan, duk da haka, rubuce-rubucen Helena Blavatsky akan theosophy sun cika ɗimbin yawa, gami da cikakkun bayanai game da sirrin tsofaffin ruhohi, tseguntawa, balaguron sararin samaniya da sauran dabaru da dabaru.

Littattafan Blavatsky suna da hanyoyi da yawa, gami da tatsuniyoyin tsoffin mutane daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Wadanda ke bin theosophy an karfafa su suyi nazarin manyan falsafa da addinan tarihi, tare da kulawa musamman ga tsarin imani kamar su Indiya, Tibet, Babila, Memphis, Egypt da tsohuwar Girka. Duk waɗannan an yi imani cewa suna da tushen asali da abubuwan gama gari. Bugu da ƙari, da alama yana da alama cewa yawancin falsafar ilimin falsafa sun samo asali ne daga yanayin tunani na Blavatsky.

Manufofin Theosophical Society kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin tsarinta sune:

Don yada ilimin dokoki da mallakar asalin duniya tsakanin mutane
Haskaka masaniyar muhimmiyar hadin dukkan abin da yake tare da nuna cewa wannan hadin kai wani asali ne na asali
Don samar da aiki cikin 'yan uwantaka tsakanin mazaje
Yi nazarin tsohuwar addinin da zamani, kimiyya da falsafa
Bincika iko da iko a cikin mutane

Koyarwar asali
Babban koyarwar theosophy, a cewar kungiyar Theosophical Society, shine cewa dukkan mutane suna da asali iri daya na ruhi da jiki saboda suna "asali daya ne kuma ainihinsa suke, kuma jigon abu daya ne - mara iyaka, ba halitta kuma madawwami, duka muna kiran shi Allah ko Yanayi. "A sakamakon wannan hadin kai," babu abin ... da zai iya tasiri kan wata al'umma ko mutum ba tare da ya shafi sauran al'ummomin da sauran mutane ba. "

Abubuwa uku na theosophy
Abubuwa uku na theosophy, kamar yadda aka nuna a aikin Blavatsky, sune:

Yana samar da tushen tushen yan uwantaka ta yan-adam na duniya baki daya, ba tare da banbancin launin fata, akida, jima'i, launi ko launi
Yana ƙarfafa karatun kwatancen addini, falsafa da kimiyya
Bincika dokokin da ba a iya jujjuya su ba a duniya da ikon latti a cikin mutane
Abubuwan gabatarwa guda uku
A cikin littafinsa "Asirin Doctor", Blavatsky ya fayyace abubuwa "muhimman shawarwari guda uku" wanda falsafarsa ta dogara akan:

Tushewar, Madawwami, Mara iyaka da kuma MALAMIN RANARWA wanda duk hasashe ba zai yiwu ba tunda ya wuce karfin tunanin mutum kuma zai iya raguwa da kowane irin kwatancin mutum ko misaltawa.
Madawwamin Al'ummai gaba ɗayanta kamar jirgin sama marar iyaka ne; lokaci-lokaci "filin wasa da yawa na sararin samaniya waɗanda ke bayyana da ɓata lokaci-lokaci", ana kiranta "taurari masu nuna haske" da "iskoki na har abada".
Asalin asalin dukkan Rayuka tare da Soul-Soul na ,aya, latterarshen kasancewa wani ɓangare ne na tushen da ba a sani ba; da wajibcin aikin hajji ga kowane Ruhi - wata walima ta farkon - ta hanyar Tsarin Zama cikin jiki (ko "Wajibi") daidai da ka'idar hawan keke da karmic, a duk tsawon lokacin.
Ilimin halin dan adam
Theosophy ba addini bane kuma babu wasu takamaiman al'adu ko bukukuwan da suka shafi theosophy. Duk da haka, akwai wasu hanyoyi waɗanda ƙungiyoyin theosophical suke kama da Freemasons; Misali, surorin gida ana kiran su loggias kuma membobi na iya fuskantar wani tsari na farawa.

A cikin binciken ilimin boko, masana ilimin kimiya na iya zabi su bi dabi'un da suka shafi takamaiman addinan zamani ko na zamanin da. Hakanan zasu iya shiga cikin zaman ko wasu ayyukan ruhaniya. Kodayake Blavatsky da kanta ba ta yi imani da cewa masu ba da labari suna da ikon tuntuɓar waɗanda suka mutu, amma ta yi imani sosai da ikon ruhaniya kamar telepathy da clairvoyance kuma ta yi kalamai da yawa game da tafiya a kan jirgin sama.

Legacy da tasiri
A karni na sha tara, masu ilimin tauhidi suna daya daga cikin na farkon yada ilimin falsafa na Gabas (musamman Buddha) a Turai da Amurka. Bugu da ƙari, theosophy, kodayake ba ɗan ƙungiya mai yawa ba, ya kasance da tasiri a cikin rukunin ƙungiyoyi da imani. Theosophy ya aza harsashin gungun mabiya addinai sama da 100 wadanda suka hada da cocin duniya da nasara, da makarantar arcane. Kwanan nan, theosophy ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tushen ƙungiyoyin Sabuwar Newabi'a, wanda ya kasance lokacin da yake mafi girma a cikin 70s.