Wanene Ranar soyayya? Tsakanin tarihi da labarin waliyyin da masoya suka fi kira

Labarin ranar soyayya - kuma labarin waliyyin waliyinta - an lullube da shi cikin sirri. Mun san cewa an daɗe ana bikin Fabrairu a matsayin wata na soyayya kuma ranar soyayya, kamar yadda muka sani a yau, ta ƙunshi alamomin al'adun Kirista da na tsohuwar Roman. Amma wanene ranar soyayya, kuma ta yaya ya haɗa kansa da wannan tsohuwar al'adar? Cocin Katolika gane akalla tsarkaka uku daban-daban da ake kira Valentine ko Valentinus, duk sun yi shahada. Wani labari ya faɗi cewa Valentino firist ne wanda yayi aiki a ƙarni na uku a Rome. Lokacin da Sarki Claudius II ya yanke shawara cewa maza marasa aure sun fi sojoji da wadanda suke da mata da dangi kyau, ya haramta aure ga matasa. Valentino, bayan ya fahimci rashin adalcin da ke cikin dokar, ya kalubalanci Claudio kuma ya ci gaba da yin bikin aure ga matasa masoya a ɓoye. Lokacin da aka gano hannun jarin Valentino, Claudius ya ba da umarnin a kashe shi. Wasu kuma sun dage cewa San Valentino da Terni, bishop ne, ainihin sunan jam'iyyar. Shima Claudius II ya sare kansa a wajen Rome. Wasu labaran sun nuna cewa mai yiwuwa an kashe Valentine ne saboda kokarin taimaka wa Kiristoci tserewa daga mummunan gidajen yarin Roman, inda ake yawan yi musu duka da azabtarwa. A cewar wani tatsuniya, a gaskiyan Valentine da gaske ya aiko da “Ranar soyayya” ta farko don ya gaishe da kansa bayan ya ƙaunaci wata yarinya - mai yiwuwa hisar mai tsaron kurkukunsa - wacce ta ziyarce shi a lokacin da yake tsare. Kafin rasuwarsa, ana zargin ya rubuta mata wasika wacce aka sanyawa hannu "Daga masoyinku", kalaman da har yanzu ake amfani da su. Kodayake gaskiyar da ke bayan tatsuniyar ranar soyayya ba ta da kyau, amma duk labaran suna ba da kwarjininsa a matsayin fahimta, jarumtaka, kuma mafi mahimmanci, adon soyayya. A tsakiyar zamanai, wataƙila albarkacin wannan sanannen, Valentino zai zama ɗayan mashahuran tsarkaka a Ingila da Faransa.

Asalin ranar soyayya: bikin arna a watan Fabrairu
Yayin da wasu ke ganin cewa ana bikin ranar soyayya ne a tsakiyar watan Fabrairu don tunawa da ranar tunawa da mutuwar ranar mutuwar St. Valentine ko binnewa, wanda wataƙila ya faru ne a kusan AD 270, wasu kuma sun ce cocin kirista na iya yanke shawarar sanya hutun ranar ta Valentine a tsakiyar Fabrairu a ƙoƙarin "Kiristanci" bikin arna na Lupercalia. Ana yin bikin a kan Ides na Fabrairu, ko 15 ga Fabrairu, Lupercalia bikin biki ne na haihuwa don sadaukarwa ga Faun, allahn noma na Roman, da kuma waɗanda suka kafa Roman ɗin Romulus da Remus. Don fara bikin, membobin Luperci, umarnin firistocin Roman, sun taru a cikin wani kogo mai alfarma inda aka yi amannar cewa Roman-kerkeci ya kula da yaran Romulus da Remus, waɗanda suka kafa Rome. Da firistoci sun yi hadaya da akuya, don haihuwa, da kare, don tsarkakewa. Daga nan sai suka tube fatar awakin cikin tsumma, suka tsoma cikin jinin hadaya suka hau kan tituna, a hankali suna mari matan da gonakin da aka noma da fatar akuya. Ban da tsoro, matan Rome sun yi maraba da taɓa fatar saboda an yi imanin zai sa su sami haihuwa a cikin shekara mai zuwa. A cikin yini, bisa ga almara, duk 'yan matan gari za su sanya sunayensu a cikin babban urn. Thewararrun mashahuran birni kowannensu zai zaɓi suna kuma a dace da shi shekara tare da zaɓaɓɓiyar mace.

Lupercalia ta tsira daga farkon haɓakar Kiristanci amma an haramta ta - kamar yadda ake ɗauka "ba Krista ba" - a ƙarshen ƙarni na 14, lokacin da Paparoma Gelasius ya ba da sanarwar ranar soyayya a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu. Sai da yawa daga baya, duk da haka, ranar tana da alaƙa da soyayya. A lokacin Tsakiyar Zamani, an yi imani da shi a Faransa da Ingila cewa ranar 1375 ga Fabrairu ita ce farkon lokacin saduwa da tsuntsaye, wanda hakan ya kara wa ra'ayin cewa ranar tsakiyar ranar masoya ta zama ranar soyayya. Mawakin Ingilishi Geoffrey Chaucer shi ne na farko da ya yi rikodin Ranar Soyayya a matsayin ranar bikin soyayya a cikin wakarsa ta 1400 "Majalisar Foules", inda ya rubuta: "Domin wannan ne aka aiko Ranar masoya / Whan kowane felilo ya zo ya zabi abokiyar aure. Gaisuwar Valentine ta shahara tun daga tsakiyar zamanai, kodayake ranar soyayya ba ta fara bayyana ba sai bayan 1415. Mafi tsufa sananniyar Ranar masoya har yanzu tana nan wakar da Charles, Duke na Orleans, ya rubuta a XNUMX ga matarsa ​​yayin da yake cikin kurkuku a XNUMX Hasumiyar Landan bayan kama shi a yakin Agincourt. (Gaisuwar yanzu tana daga cikin rubutattun rubutattun littattafai na Laburaren Burtaniya da ke London, Ingila.) Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, an yi imanin cewa Sarki Henry V ya yi hayar wani marubuci mai suna John Lydgate don tsara katin soyayya ga Catherine na Valois.