Rashin gashi a Yahudanci

A cikin addinin Yahudanci, matan Otodoks suna rufe gashi daga lokacin da suka yi aure. Hanyar da mata suke rufe gashinta labari ne daban, kuma fahimtar koyarwar sutturar gashi idan aka kwatanta da batun rufe kai shima muhimmin bangare ne na ɗaukar halakha (dokan).

A farko
Mafashi ya samo asali ne daga cikin sotah, ko kuma mazinaciya, a cikin labarin Lissafi 5: 11-22. Wadannan ayoyin suna yin bayani dalla-dalla yadda abin zai faru idan mutum ya zargi matar zina.

Allah kuma ya yi magana da Musa, ya ce: “Ka faɗa wa Isra'ilawa da sauran su: 'Idan matar mutum ta ɓace ta kuma yi rashin aminci gareshi, har mutum ya kwana da ita ta jiki, ya ɓoye a gaban idanunsa. miji da ita sun ƙazantu ko ƙazamta (adamewa) a ɓoye, kuma babu shaidu a kanta ko an kama ta, kuma ruhun kishin da zai sauko masa kuma yana kishin matar sa kuma ita ce ko kuma idan ruhun kishi ya riske shi kuma yana kishin ta kuma ba ta da ƙazanta ko ƙazanta, don haka miji zai kai matarsa ​​ga Firist mai tsarki, ya kawo hadaya ta, kashi goma na sha'ir gari ephahdi, kuma ba Zai zuba mai a bisansa, ba zai kuma zuba turare a bisansa ba, gama hadaya ce ta masarautar kishi, hadaya ce ta tunawa, wadda ake tunawa. Firist ɗin mai tsarki zai matso kusa da shi, ya ajiye shi a gaban Allah, Firist ɗin kuma zai tsabtace ruwa mai tsarki a cikin jirgin ruwan ƙasa da ƙurar da take a ƙasan ƙasa daga hannun hadaya ta tsarkaka. Firist ɗin zai zuba shi cikin ruwa. Firist ɗin Firist ɗin zai saita matar a gaban Allah da Parah, ya ba da sadaka ta tunawa a hannunsa, wanda hadaya ce ta hatsi, a hannun firist kuwa, akwai ruwa mai ɗacin rai wanda yake kawo la'ana. Firist mai tsarki kuwa zai yi rantsuwa, in ya ce, “Idan ba wanda ya kwana tare da kai, ko ba ka ƙazantar da ita ba ko kuma ƙazantar da wani, to, za ka tsira daga ruwan nan na dacin rai. Amma idan kun bata kuma ba ku da tsabta ko mara tsabta, ruwan zai lalata ku kuma sai ta ce amin, amin.

A wannan yanki na rubutu, gashin mazinaciya wanda ake zargi da fasikanci parah ne, wanda ke da ma'anoni da yawa, gami da rashin bra ko sisi. Hakanan yana iya nufin rashin kunya, ɓoye ko disheveled. Ko yaya dai, hoton mutane da ake zargi da mazinaciya ana canza shi ta hanyar yadda gashinta yake ɗaure a kai.

Malaman sun fahimta daga wannan nassin daga Attaura, saboda haka, cewa rufe kai ko gashi doka ce ga 'ya' yan Isra'ila '(Sifrei Bamidbar 11) da Allah ya umurta. Ba kamar sauran addinai ba, har da na Musulunci wanda Yana da yan matan da suke rufe gashinsu kafin bikin, malamai sun gano cewa ma'anar wannan yanki na sotah yana nufin cewa gashin kai da kanshi ya shafi matan aure ne kawai.

Hukuncin karshe
Yawancin magidanta a kan lokaci sun tattauna kan ko wannan hukuncin ya kasance Dokar Musa (Torah law) ko Dat Yehudi, ainihin al'adar mutanen yahudawa ce (wanda ya shafi yanki, al'adun dangi, da sauransu) wanda ya zama doka. Hakanan, rashin bayyana ma'anar koyar da karatuttukan a cikin Attaura yana sa ya zama da wuya a fahimci salon ko irin gashin kai ko gashin da aka yi aiki da shi.
Babban rashi da aka yarda da shi game da rufe kansa, duk da haka, ya tabbatar da cewa wajibcin rufe gashin mutum ba shi da makaɗaici kuma ba batun canzawa (Gemara Ketubot 72a-b), yana mai da dat Musa ko umarnin Allah. - Ana bukatar mace budurwa mai ido don rufe gashi akan aure. Wannan yana nufin, duk da haka, wani abu mabanbanta.

Abinda ya rufe
A cikin Attaura, ya ce "gashi" na wanda ake zargi da mazinaciya parah ce. A cikin salon malamai, yana da muhimmanci a yi la’akari da wannan tambaya: menene gashi?

gashi (n) siriri mai dunƙule-kamar girman farjin dabba; musamman: daya daga filas din da aka saba dashi wanda yake samar da halayyar dabbobi masu shayarwa (www.mw.com)
A cikin addinin Yahudanci, rufe kai ko gashi an san shi da kisui rosh (key-sue-ee jereh), wanda a zahiri fassara shi ke rufe kansa. A saboda wannan dalili, koda mace ta aske kanta, har yanzu tilas ta rufe kanta. Hakanan, mata da yawa suna ɗaukar wannan don ma'anar cewa kawai kuna buƙatar rufe kai ne ba gashin da ya fado daga kan kai ba.

A cikin tsarin dokar Maimonides (wanda kuma aka sani da Rambam), ya bambanta nau'ikan binciken biyu: cike da sashi, tare da cin zarafin farko na Dokar Musa (Dokar Torah). Ainihi ya ce umarni ne na Attaura kai tsaye ga mata su hana fallasa gashinsu a bainar jama'a, kuma al'adar mata Bayahude ce ta ɗaga matsayin daidai don amfanin ɗabi'a da kiyaye madaidaicin lullube a kai a kowane lokaci. , ciki har da cikin gidan (Hilchot Ishut 24:12). Rambam ya ce, saboda haka, cewa cikakkiyar ɗaukar hoto doka ce da kuma sashin rufe ƙa'ida al'ada ce.Da ƙarshe, ma'anarsa ita ce bai kamata gashinku ya kunyata ba [parah] ko fallasa su.
A cikin Talmud na Babila, ana kafa tsarin rayuwa mafi ƙaranci a wannan ƙaramar rufe kansa ba a cikin jama'a ba, a game da mace ta fita daga farfajiyar ta zuwa waccan ta hanyar wadatar, ya isa kuma ba ta ƙetare Dat Yehudit, ko kuma keɓaɓɓen doka . Talmud na Kudus, a gefe guda, ya dage kan ƙaramin kan allo wanda ke rufe farfajiyar da cikakken a cikin titi. Rabaran Babil da Kudus na Urushalima suna ma'amala da "sarari a fili" a cikin waɗannan maganganun. Rabbi Shlomo ben Aderet, Rashba, ya ce "gashi da ya saba fitowa daga abin da aka sanya wa hannu an yi amfani da shi da maigidanta". mai hankali. A cikin Talmudic, Maharam Alshakar yayi iƙirarin cewa an kyale zaren ya fita daga gaban (tsakanin kunne da goshi), duk da al'adar rufe kowane suturar mata na ƙarshe. Wannan hukuncin ya kirkiro abin da yawancin yahudawa 'yan Orthodox suka fahimta a matsayin kaifin tefach, ko fadin hannun, wanda ke baiwa wasu damar sakin gashinsu a wani yanayi mai kyau.

A karni na 20, Rabbi Moshe Feinstein ya ba da umarnin cewa duk matan da suka yi aure dole ne su rufe gashin kansu a bainar jama'a kuma ya wajaba su rufe kowane bangare, sai dai kawai da keken. Yayi ikirarin cikakken matsayin "daidai", amma saukarwar kwayar cutar ba ta keta Dat Yehudit ba.

Yadda za'a rufe
Mata da yawa sun rufe da shunayya da aka sani da tichel (ana kiranta "dame") ko mitpaha a cikin Isra'ila, yayin da wasu suka zaɓi rufe da rawani ko hat. Akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda suma suka zaɓi su rufe da wig, sanannu a cikin yahudawa a matsayin sheitel (ana kiran shay-tull).

Wig ɗin ya zama sanannen tsakanin waɗanda ba Yahudawa kafin waɗanda ke tsakanin Yahudawa masu sa ido. A Faransa a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX, wigs ya zama sananne a matsayin kayan haɗi don maza da mata, kuma malamai sun ƙi yin wigs azaman zaɓi ga Yahudawa saboda bai dace su kwaikwayi "hanyoyin al'umman" ba. Mata kuma sun ɗauke ta a matsayin ɓoye-ɓoye don rufe kai. An rungumi Wigs, ba da daɗewa ba, amma mata gaba ɗaya sun rufe wigs tare da wani nau'in gashin kai, kamar hula, kamar yadda al'ada ce a yawancin al'ummomin addini da na Hasidic a yau.

Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Marigayi Lubavitcher Rebbe, ya yi imani cewa wig shine mafi kyawun mayafin mace da ta dace domin ba abu mai sauƙi bane a cire kamar mayafi ko hat. A gefe guda, tsohon shugaban malamin addinin kirista na Isra'ila Ovadiah Yosef ya kira wigs a matsayin "kuturu kuturta", har zuwa cewa "ta wanda ya fito da bulala, doka kamar ta fito da kawunanta ne [ gano]. "

Hakanan, a cewar Darkei Moshe, Orach Chaim 303, zaku iya yanke gashin ku kuma juya shi zuwa gashin wig:

"Mace mai aure an yarda ta bayyanar da gashinta kuma babu wani bambanci idan an yi ta ne da gashin kanta ko daga gashin abokanta."
Baƙon al'adu don rufewa
A cikin mutanen Hungary, da Galician da Yankin Yankin Hasidic, mata masu aure sukan aske kawunansu a kai a kai kafin su rufe da aski kowane wata kafin zuwa mikvah. A Lithuania, Maroko da Romania mata ba sa rufe gashinsu kwata-kwata. Daga cikin al'umman Lithuaniyanci ya sami uban wayewar zamani, Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik, wanda baƙon abu bai taɓa rubuta ra'ayoyinsa game da ɗaukar gashi ba wanda matar sa ba ta taɓa rufe gashi ba kwata-kwata.