Gidan kayan gargajiya na Baltimore ya baje kolin tsohuwar da kuskure wanda St. Francis na Assisi yayi amfani da shi

Fiye da ƙarni takwas da suka gabata, St. Francis na Assisi tare da abokansa biyu bisa kuskure suka buɗe littafin addu’a sau uku a cocinsu na San Nicolò da ke Italiya.

Suna fatan cewa Allah zai aiko musu da saƙo, su mawadatan suka nemi shawarar rubutun sau ɗaya ga kowane mutum na Triniti Mai Tsarki.

Abin mamaki, kowane ɗayan wurare guda uku na Linjila da suka sauka, sun ƙunshi ainihin umarni: rabuwa da kayan duniya da bin Kristi.

Samun kalmomin a zuciya, St. Francis ya kafa tsarin rayuwa wanda zai mallaki abin da zai zama Orderarfinsa na Friars orarami. Franciscans sun rungumi talaucin m don kusantar da Kristi da kuma yin wa'azin wasu.

Wannan littafin da ya hure Saint Francis a cikin 1208 ya kamata ya haskaka dubban wasu, kamar yadda Gidan Tarihi Walters Art da ke Baltimore ya nuna shi a karon farko cikin jama'a cikin shekaru 40, daga 1 ga Fabrairu zuwa 31 ga Mayu.

Missal na St. Francis da aka dawo da su, rubutun da aka yi a ƙarni na 1 wanda St. Francis na Assisi ya nemi shawara yayin da ya fahimci rayuwarsa ta ruhaniya, za a baje shi a Walters Art Museum da ke Baltimore daga 31 ga Fabrairu zuwa XNUMX ga Mayu.

Rashin lafazin Latin, wanda ya ƙunshi karatun Linjila da addu'o'in da aka yi amfani da shi yayin taro, an yi wani yunƙuri na shekara biyu na tsarewa wanda aka yi niyya don gyara karɓar riba.

Mabudin, wanda san Katolika suke ƙaunarsa, bawai kawai kayan tarihi bane. Tun da shi mai tsarki ya taɓa shi, mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar su sake fasalin addini ne.

Lynley Herbert, editan littattafan da ba a saba ganinsu ba da kuma rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce a Walters, in ji Lynley Herbert.

Herbert ya lura cewa Franciscans daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun ziyarci Walters a cikin shekarun da suka gabata don ɗaukar haske kan littafin nan mai cike da haske. Saboda mahimmancinta ga al'umman Franciscan, Walters sun ba shi damar ganinta koda kuwa yanayin yanayin rubutun yana hana shi bayyanar jama'a.

"Mun zama wurin aikin hajji," in ji Herbert. "Wataƙila ana tuntube ni kowane wata, idan ba mako-mako ba, tare da buƙatun ganin wannan littafin."

Herbert ya ce an tura kuskuren ne ga Cocin na San Nicolò da ke Assisi. Wani rubutu a cikin rubutun ya nuna cewa mai ba da littafin ya rayu a Assisi a cikin 1180s da 1190s.

"Mai yiwuwa an yi rubutun ne jim kaɗan kafin 1200," kamar yadda ya gaya wa Katolika Review, hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na Archdiocese na Baltimore. "A cikin karni na 15, dole ne ya sake dawowa saboda daɗin ɗaurin na iya fara faduwa bayan ƙarni da yawa na amfani."

Missal of San Francesco an yi imanin cewa an shirya ta a San Nicolò har sai da girgizar kasa ta lalata cocin a karni na XNUMX. Daga nan aka watsar da kayan adinin cocin sannan aka rushe cocin. Abinda ya rage a yau shine kukan cocin.

Henry Walters, wanda tarin zane-zanensa ya zama tushe na Gidan Tarihi na Walters, ya sayi Missal na St. Francis daga dillalin zane a 1924, a cewar Herbert.

Quandt ya ce babban kalubalen shi ne gyara katako na katako na itace a karni na XNUMX wanda ya taimaka rike littafin tare. Ya ce 'yan dabbobin sun yi wa kwamitocin da wasu shafuka na rubutun dadewa kuma sun bar ramuka da yawa, in ji shi.

Quandt da Magee sun cire allunan kuma sun sanya shafin littafin ta shafi. Sun cika ramuka tare da mannewa na musamman don ƙarfafa katako, sun gyara shafukan kuma sun maye gurbin kashin fata da sabon fata. Dukan rubutun an daidaita kuma an haɗa su tare.

Yayin da suke aiki a kan aikin, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun gano cewa sabanin abin da za a iya tsammani a cikin irin wannan rubutaccen rubutun, ba a yi amfani da ganyen zinare a cikin St. Francis Missal ba. Marubutan da suka haskaka shafukan takardar a maimakon haka sun yi amfani da ganye na azurfa wanda aka liƙa tare da wani nau'in fenti wanda ya mai da shi kamar zinariya.

Ta yin amfani da hasken wutar lantarki da hasken wutar lantarki, ƙungiyar Walters ta kuma lura da wasu kurakuran da marubutan suka yi a samarwa littafin addu'a: kalma, jumla ko ma sakin layi ɗaya sun ɓace yayin da suke kwafin matani mai tsarki.

Quandt ya ce, "A takaice, magatakarda zai dauki wukarsa ta alkalami ya goge saman (takardar) sosai, a tsanake don cire harafin ba daidai ba." "Kuma a lokacin za su yi rubutu game da shi."

A yayin da masu kiyayewa suka yi aiki a kan adana rubutun, kowane shafi an sanya shi a lambobi ta yadda duk wanda ke da damar intanet a duk duniya zai iya dubawa da nazarin littafin. Za a samu ta hanyar shafin Walter 'Ex-Libris shafin yanar gizo, https://manuscripts.thewalters.org, ta hanyar binciken "The Missal of St. Francis".

Har ila yau, baje kolin zai hada da wasu abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da zane-zane, kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya daga lokuta daban-daban, yana nuna "bangarori daban-daban na rugujewar tasirin wannan rubutun a kan lokaci da kuma yadda yake shafar mutane daban-daban," in ji Herbert.

Baya ga kasidu da suka shafi gudummawar da St. Francis ya bayar ga harkar Franciscan, za a samu wasu abubuwa da suka shafi St. Clare, mace ta farko da ta bi St. Francis, da kuma St. Anthony na Padua, wadanda suka mayar da hankali kan wa’azi da yada sakonnin na Franciscan, in ji shi. Herbert.

"Har ila yau, akwai shari'ar da za ta mayar da hankali kan ibada ta sirri da mabiya addinin Kirista," in ji shi.

Herbert ya lura cewa kuskuren kansa yana da shafuka uku da ke cike da haske iri-iri, gami da cikakken bayani game da Gicciyen da ke nuna Kristi a kan gicciye tare da mala'iku biyu a saman. Maryamu da St. John ƙaunataccena suna gefensa.

Wannan baje-kolin kyauta, wanda Archdiocese na Baltimore ya dauki nauyinsa, ya fara tattaunawa tare da bude littafi a kan daya daga cikin sassa uku na rubutun Bishara da St. Francis ya karanta a shekarar 1208. Rabin da rabi ta hanyar baje kolin, za a juya shafin zuwa daya daga cikin sauran hanyoyin. ya karanta.

Herbert ya ce "Lokacin da aka nuna rubutun a baya, a koyaushe a buɗe yake ga ɗayan hasken - waɗanda a zahiri suke kyakkyawa." "Amma mun yi tunani game da shi na dogon lokaci kuma mun yanke shawarar zai zama mafi ma'ana ga mutane su zo su gan shi don wannan baje kolin idan muka nuna buɗewar da mai yiwuwa St. Francis ya yi hulɗa da ita."

Matysek editan dijital ne na Archdiocese na Baltimore.