Fafaroma ya buɗe wuraren ajiyar kayan tarihin Papa Pius XII na Yaƙin Duniya na biyu

Bayan matsin lamba na matsin lamba daga masana tarihi da kungiyoyin yahudawa, a ranar Litinin din nan ta Vatican ta fara ba wa masana damar shiga wuraren ajiyar kayan tarihin Papa Pius XII, mai kawo rigima na yakin duniya na biyu.

Jami'ai a Cocin Katolika na Romania sun dage cewa Pius yayi duk mai yiwuwa don ceton rayukan yahudawa. Amma ya yi shiru a bainar jama'a yayin da aka kashe Yahudawa miliyan 6 a kisan.

Fiye da malamai 150 sun nemi yin nazarin takaddun game da papacy dinsa, wanda ya ƙare daga 1939 zuwa 1958. Yawanci, Vatican tana jira shekaru 70 bayan ƙarshen mai ba da shawara don buɗe ɗakunan tarihinta ga masana.

Yayin zantawa da manema labarai a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu, babban malamin leburata na Vatican, Cardinal José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça, ya ce duk masu binciken, ba tare da la’akari da asalin kasa, imani da akida ba, ana maraba da su.

"Cocin ba ta tsoron tarihi," in ji shi, yana maimaita kalmomin Paparoma Francis lokacin da ya sanar da aniyarsa ta bude wuraren ajiyar kayan tarihin Pius XII shekara daya da ta gabata.

Jami'ai a cocin Roman Katolika a koyaushe sun dage cewa Paparoma Pius XII, wanda aka nuna a nan a hoto mara hoto, ya yi duk mai yiwuwa don ceton rayukan Yahudawa. Amma ya yi shiru a bainar jama'a yayin da aka kashe Yahudawa miliyan 6 a kisan.

Kungiyoyin yahudawa sun yi maraba da bude wuraren ajiyar kayan tarihin. "A cikin gayyatar masana tarihi da masana su yi amfani da wuraren adana kayan tarihin yakin duniya na biyu a cikin Vatican, Fafaroma Francis yana nuna alƙawarinsa na koyo da watsa gaskiya, tare da ma'anar ƙwaƙwalwar kisan gilla." Shugaban majalisar dokokin yahudawa ta duniya Ronald S. Lauder a cikin wata sanarwa.

Johan Ickx, masanin tarihin gidan tarihin Vatican, ya ce malamai zasu sami saukin shiga fayiloli cikin sauki.

"A yanzu mun wuce takardu miliyan 1 da dubu 300.000 wadanda aka diba su kuma aka hada su da kaya, don taimakawa masu bincike su hanzarta," in ji shi.

Wadancan masu binciken sun dade suna jira. Wani baƙon Jamusanci daga 1963, Mataimakin Rolf Hochhuth, ya tayar da tambayoyi game da rawar da Pio ke takawa kuma ya zarge shi da rikitarwa a cikin Holocaust. Yunkurin da Fafaroma ya yi na cin nasara da shi ya kawo cikas ga wasu tunane-tunane masu kyau a Rome game da halayyar da ya nuna wa Yahudawan garin lokacin mulkin Nazi.

Wuraren bango a bango kusa da makarantar kwaleji ta sojoji da ke Roma don tunawa da tarin Yahudawa 1.259. Ya ce: “A ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 1943 dukan dangin yahudawa da ke kaurace wa gidajensu suka dawo da su nan sannan kuma aka tura su zuwa sansanonin 'yan tawaye. A cikin sama da mutane 1.000, mutane 16 ne kawai suka tsira. "

Wani plaque a Rome yana tunawa da tsegumin mutanen Nazis da tura shi zuwa sansanin yan gudun hijirar da yahudawa suka yi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 1943. "Fiye da mutane 1000, 16 ne kawai suka tsira," in ji ambaton.
Polioli Sylvia / NPR
Wurin yana da mita 800 kawai daga Dandalin St Peter - "a karkashin windows guda kamar shugaban cocin", kamar yadda Ernst von Weizsacker ya ruwaito, wanda a wancan lokacin jakadan Jamus ne ga Vatican, yana nufin Hitler.

David Kertzer na Jami’ar Brown ya yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa akan popes da yahudawa. Ya lashe kyautar Pulitzer 2015 don littafinsa Il Papa e Mussolini: tarihin sirrin Pius XI da haɓakar farkisanci a Turai, akan magabacin Pius XII, kuma ya tanadi tebur a ɗakunan tarihin Vatican na tsawon watanni huɗu masu zuwa.

Kertzer ya ce da yawa an san abin da Pius XII ya yi. Mafi yawan abin da ba a sani ba game da tattaunawar cikin gida a lokacin yaƙin na Vatican.

"Mun san cewa [Pius XII] bai dauki wani matakin jama'a ba," in ji shi. "Bai yi zanga-zangar adawa da Hitler ba. Amma wanene a cikin Vatican zai iya matsa masa ya aikata? Wanene zai iya ba da shawara? Wannan shi ne irin abin da nike tsammanin za mu gano ko kuma muna fatan ganowa. "

Kamar masana tarihi da yawa na cocin, Massimo Faggioli, wanda ke koyar da tauhidi a Jami'ar Villanova, yana da sha'awar rawar Pio bayan Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, a lokacin Yaƙin Cacar Baki. Musamman, yana mamakin, shin jami'an Vatican sun sa baki a zaben Italiya a 1948, lokacin da akwai damar samun nasara ga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis?

Fafaren Pius XII na rubutun hannu ana ganinsa a kan wani daftarin jawabin nasa na 1944, wanda aka nuna yayin yawon shakatawa na kafofin watsa labaru na Fafaroma a kan Paparoma Pius XII a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu.

"Ina matukar son sanin wace irin sadarwa ce ke tsakanin sakatariya ta [Vatican] da CIA," in ji shi. "Tabbas Paparoma Pius ya hakikance cewa lallai ya kare wata akidar wayewar kirista a Turai daga kwaminisanci".

Kertzer ya tabbata cewa Cocin Katolika ya firgita da wannan kisan gilla. A zahiri, dubun dubatan Yahudawa sun sami mafaka a wuraren tarukan katolika a Italiya. Amma abin da yake fatan zai kara fahimta daga rakodin kayan tarihin Pio shine rawar da cocin ya taka wajen yaudarar yahudawa.

"Babban dillalai na cin mutuncin yahudawa shekaru da yawa ba jihar ba ce, Ikilisiya ce," in ji shi. "Kuma ya kasance yana bata sunan Yahudawa har zuwa 30 zuwa farkon kisan kiyashi, in ba a ciki ba, gami da wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi Vatican."

Wannan, in ji Kertzer, shi ne abin da Vatican ta shafi.