Bikin Mitzvah da bikin

Bat mitzvah a zahiri tana nufin "'yar umarnin". Kalmar bat ta fassara zuwa 'yar' a harshen Aramaic, wacce ita ce yare da aka saba amfani da ita na mutanen Ibraniyanci kuma a yawancin Gabas ta Tsakiya daga 500 BC zuwa 400 AD. Kalmar mitzvah ita ce Ibrananci ta hanyar "umarni".

Kalmar Bat Mitzvah tana nufin abubuwa biyu
Lokacin da budurwa ta kai shekara 12 sai ta zama jar mitzvah kuma al'adar yahudawa sun yarda da ita kamar yadda suke da wannan hakkoki kamar na manya. Yanzu yana da halin kirki da ɗabi'a don hukunce-hukuncensa da ayyukansa, yayin da kafin ya girma, iyayen sa sun kasance masu halin ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a don abubuwan da ya aikata.
Bat mitzvah kuma tana nufin bikin addini wanda ya raka yarinya ya zama bat mitzvah. Sau da yawa wani biki na bikin zai biyo bayan bikin kuma ana kiran waccan jam'iyyar bat mitzvah. Misali, mutum zai iya cewa, “Zan tafi ga matar Sara mitzvah wannan karshen mako,” yana nufin bikin da kuma biki don bikin.

Wannan labarin game da bikin addini da bikin da ake kira bat mitzvah. Bayanin bikin da bikin, duk da cewa akwai bikin addini don yin bikin, sun bambanta da yawa dangane da tsarin addinin Yahudanci wanda danginsa suke.

tarihin
A ƙarshen ƙarni na XNUMX da farkon karni na XNUMX, al'ummomin yahudawa da yawa sun fara yin alama yayin da yarinya ta zama jar mitzvah tare da biki na musamman. Wannan hutu ne daga al'adar Yahudawa ta gargajiya, wanda ya haramtawa mata shiga cikin harkokin addini kai tsaye.

Ta yin amfani da bikin mitzvah a matsayin abin koyi, al'ummomin yahudawa sun fara gwaji kan ci gaban bikin irin wannan ga 'yan mata. A cikin 1922, Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan yayi bikin patzvah na farko a Amurka don 'yarsa Judith, lokacin da aka ba ta damar karanta daga Attaura lokacin da ta zama bature mitzvah. Kodayake wannan sabon gatan da aka samo bai yi daidai da irin mawuyacin bikin mitzvah ba, amma bikin duk da haka ya kasance abin da aka fi sani da farko mit mitvvah na zamani a Amurka. Ya haifar da ci gaba da haɓakawa na bikin bat mitzvah na zamani.

Bikin a cikin al'ummomin al'adun gargajiya
A yawancin al'ummomin yahudawa masu sassaucin ra'ayi, alal misali a cikin al'ummomin masu kawo canji da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, bikin bat mitzvah ya zama kusan iri ɗaya ga bikin mitzvah na yara. Wadannan al'ummomin yawanci suna tambayar yarinyar don shiri mai ma'ana don hidimar addini. Yawancin lokaci yana karatu tare da rabbi da / ko cantor na watanni da yawa, da wasu lokuta shekaru. Yayin da ainihin rawar da yake takawa a sabis ɗin zai bambanta tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na yahudawa da majami'u, yawanci ya ƙunshi wasu ko duk waɗannan masu zuwa:

Gudanar da takamaiman addu'o'i ko kuma gaba ɗayan sabis yayin hidimar Shabbat ko, ƙasa da kullun, hidimar ibada ta kwana.
Karanta mako-mako na Attaura yayin hidimar Shabbat ko, ƙasa da yawancin, sabis na addini a ranakun mako. Sau da yawa yarinyar zata koya da amfani da waƙoƙin gargajiya don karatu.
Karanta sashin sati na Haftarah a yayin hidimar Shabbat ko, a mafi yawancin lokuta, hidimar addinin ne sati. Sau da yawa yarinyar zata koya da amfani da waƙoƙin gargajiya don karatu.
Faɗa magana game da karanta Attaura da / ko Haftarah.
Ta hanyar kammala ayyukan tzedakah (sadaka) wanda ke kaiwa ga bikin don tara kuɗi ko gudummawa don sadaka don zaɓar bat mitzvah.
Iyalin batirin mitzvah ana girmama su da karimcin su yayin sabis tare da aliyah ko mahara daya. A cikin majami'u da yawa ya kuma zama al'ada don bayar da Attaura daga kakanin iyaye zuwa iyaye zuwa ga bat mitzvah, alama ce ta watsi da takalifi a cikin aikin Attaura da Yahudanci.

Duk da yake bikin mitzvah bikin shine mabuɗin sake zagayowar rayuwa da kuma ƙarshen karatun shekaru, hakika ba ƙarshen karatun yarinyar yahudawa bane. Wannan kawai yana nuna farkon rayuwar koyon yahudanci, karatu da kuma shiga cikin yahudawa.

Bikin a cikin al'ummomin Orthodox
Tunda har yanzu an haramta sanya mata cikin bukukuwan addini a cikin yawancin al'ummomin yahudawa da na addinin Krista, ana bikin bat mitzvah gaba daya a tsarin da aka fi samun sassaucin ra'ayi. Koyaya, yarinyar da ta zama bat mitzvah har yanzu lokaci ne na musamman. A cikin shekarun baya bayan nan, bikin jama'a mit mitvvah bikin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari tsakanin yahudawa 'yan Orthodox, dukda cewa bikin ya bambanta da irin bikin mit mitvvah da aka bayyana a sama.

Hanyoyin da za a yi bikin bikin ya bambanta a bainar jama'a. A wasu al'ummomin, bat mitzvahs na iya karantawa daga Attaura kuma suna yin hidimar addu'o'i na musamman ga mata. A wasu al'ummomin Haredi na gargajiya na 'Orthodox,' yan mata suna da abinci na musamman ga mata ne kawai a lokacin da jikan mitzvah zai ba da D'var Torah, ɗan taƙaitaccen koyarwa a kan ɓangaren Torah na sati ɗaya mitzvah. A yawancin al'ummomin Orthodox na zamani akan Shabbat bayan yarinyar da ta zama bat mitzvah, tana kuma iya isar da Torah D'var. Babu wani tsarin daidaiton bikin mitzvah a cikin al'ummomin Otodoks har yanzu, amma al'adar ta ci gaba.

Bikin yaye da biki
Al'adar bin bikin bat mitzvah tare da biki ko da biki ne kwanan nan. Kasancewa babban taron sake zagayowar rayuwa, abu ne mai sauki ga cewa yahudawa na zamani suna jin daɗin bikin kuma sun haɗa nau'ikan abubuwan bikin wanda wani ɓangare ne na wasu al'amuran sake zagayowar rayuwar. Amma kamar yadda bikin bikin aure yake da muhimmanci fiye da liyafar da ta biyo baya, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa bikin bat mitzvah kawai bikin ne wanda ke nuna tasirin addini na zama bat mitzvah. Duk da yake wata ƙungiya ta zama gama gari a tsakanin Yahudawa masu sassaucin ra'ayi, amma ba ta kamo shi tsakanin al'ummomin Orthodox ba.

Kyauta
Ana ba da kyautuka koyaushe ga mit mitvvah (yawanci bayan bikin, a wurin bikin ko abinci). Duk kyautar da ta dace don ranar haihuwar yarinya 'yar shekara 13 za'a iya barta. Hakanan ana ba da kuɗi kamar kyauta kyauta mitzvah. Ya zama al'adar iyalai da yawa don ba da gudummawa na kowane kyautar kuɗi don sadaka wanda bat mitzvah ta zaɓa, tare da saura sau da yawa ana ƙarawa asusun asusun yara ko ta hanyar ba da gudummawa ga kowane tsarin ilimin yahudawa wanda zai iya shiga.