Sadarwar a cikin cocin Katolika: cikakken jagora

Ga mutane da yawa, kalmar cirewar tana kwashe hotunan Inquisition na Mutanen Espanya, yana cike da rake da igiya kuma wataƙila ma yana ƙonewa a gungume. Duk da yake cirewa lamari ne mai mahimmanci, Cocin Katolika baya ɗaukar watsawa a matsayin hukunci, magana ce mai ƙarfi, amma a matsayin daidaitawa. Kamar yadda mahaifi zai iya bai wa yaro "lokacin hutu" ko "tushen" shi don taimaka masa ya yi tunani game da abin da ya yi, maɓallin warwatsawa shine kiran mutumin da aka kori zuwa ga tuba da mayar da shi zuwa cikakken tarayya tare da cocin Katolika ta hanyar sacrament of furci.

Amma menene ainihin sadarwa?

Kwatance a cikin jumla ɗaya
Communasashe, ya rubuta Fr. John Hardon, SJ, a cikin ƙamus na Katolika na zamani, shine "lafazin majami'ar wanda a wanne yafi ko excludasa cire shi daga tarayya tare da masu aminci".

Ta wata hanyar, fitarwa ita ce hanyar da cocin Katolika ke nuna rashin yarda da wani aiki da wani Katolika da ya yi baftisma ya ɗauka cikin lalata ko kuma ta wata hanyar a bayyane a bainar jama'a ko kuma ya ɓata gaskiyar bangaskiyar Katolika. Sadarwa ita ce mafi girman hukunci da Ikilisiya za ta gabatar kan Katolika da ya yi baftisma, amma an sanya ta ne saboda ƙauna ga mutum da Ikilisiya. Batun fitar da shi shine a shawo kan mutumin cewa aikinsa bai yi daidai ba, domin ya iya yin nadama kan abin da ya faru da kuma sulhu da Cocin sannan kuma, dangane da ayyukan da suke haifar da cin mutuncin jama'a, shin wasu suna sane da matakin. na mutum ba a yarda da cocin Katolika.

Me ake nufi da fitar da shi?
Abubuwan da aka haifar da fitarwa an kafa su ne a cikin Ka'idar Dokar Canon, dokokin da ake amfani da cocin Katolika. Canon 1331 ya bayyana cewa "An haramtawa mutum zubar da jini"

Kasance cikin halartar minista cikin bikin hadayar ta Eucharist ko wasu bukukuwan addini kowane iri;
Yi bikin sacrament ko sacramentals kuma karɓi sacraments;
Don gudanar da ofisoshi, ma'aikatu ko majami'u na kowane irin yanayi ko sanya ayyukan gwamnati.
Sakamakon cirewar
Tasirin farko ya shafi limaman cocin: firistocin, firistoci da dattijan. Misali, bishop wanda aka tura shi ba zai iya yin sacin din tabbatarwa ko kuma ya halarci bikin wani bishop, firist ko dattijan ba; firist da aka sallama ba zai iya yin taron jama'a ba; kuma dattijan da aka sadar da shi ba zai iya shugabancin hidimar aure ko ya halarci bikin bikin jama'a na yin baftisma ba. (Akwai muhimmin banda ga wannan tasiri, an lura a cikin Canon 1335: "an dakatar da dokar a duk lokacin da ya zama dole don kulawa da masu aminci a cikin haɗarin mutuwa." Don haka, alal misali, firist ɗin da aka kora yana iya ba da Ramada ta ƙarshe kuma a saurari ikirari na ƙarshe na Katolika mai mutuwa.)

Tasirin na biyu ya shafi duka malamai da kuma mutane, waɗanda ba za su iya karɓar kowane daga cikin sacrament ɗin ba yayin da ake jujjuya su (ban da Sacrament na Confession, a cikin yanayi inda Confession ya isa ya cire hukuncin warwatsawa).

Tasirin na uku ya shafi babban firist (alal misali, bishop da aka yanke wa doka ba zai iya yin amfani da ikonsa na yau da kullun ba), har ma don sanya mutane waɗanda ke yin ayyukan jama'a a madadin Cocin Katolika (ka ce, malami a makarantar Katolika). ).

Abinda ba shine watsawa ba
Matsayi na cirewa shine ba a fahimta sau da yawa. Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa idan aka kori mutum, "shi ba Katolika bane." Amma kamar yadda Cocin iya kawai kori mutum idan shi ne Katolika yi masa baftisma, mutumin da aka kora ya kasance Katolika bayan an kori shi - sai dai, ba shakka, ya takamaiman uzuri da kansa (i.e. gaba ɗaya ya ƙi Katolika Bangaskiyar). Dangane da batun ridda kuwa, bawai watsarwar bane yasa bashi kara Katolika; zaɓin da ya yi ne don barin cocin Katolika.

Manufar Cocin a cikin duk wata hanyar sadarwa ita ce shawo kan wanda aka kora don komawa cikakken hadin kai da cocin Katolika kafin ya mutu.

Nau'ikan fitarwa biyu
Akwai nau'ikan watsawa da sunayensu na Latin. Abinda aka sani shine wanda yake Ikilisiyar Ikilisiya (wanda yake bishop dinsa) an sanya shi akan mutum. Wannan nau'in watsawa yana da ɗan wahalar gaske.

Mafi yawan nau'in korarwa ana kiranta latae sententiae. Wannan nau'in kuma sananne ne a cikin Ingilishi a matsayin "watsawa" ta atomatik. An fitarda atomatik lokacin da Katolika ya shiga cikin wasu ayyukan da aka ɗauka don haka mummunan lalata ne ko kuma ya sabawa gaskiyar bangaskiyar Katolika cewa ɗayan ɗayan aikin yana nuna cewa ya yanke kansa daga cikakken haɗin gwiwa tare da cocin Katolika.

Ta yaya kuke shigo da sadarwa ta atomatik?
Dokar Canon ta lissafa wasu daga cikin waɗannan ayyuka waɗanda ke haifar da watsawa ta atomatik. Misali, kawar da kai daga bangaskiyar darikar katolika, gabatarda karairayi a bainar jama'a ko kuma shiga harkar tawaye, wato, watsi da ikon da ya dace da cocin Katolika (Canon 1364); jefar da tsararrun nau'ikan Eucharist (baƙo ko giya bayan sun zama Jikin da Jikin Kristi) ko kuma “kiyaye su saboda dalilan sadaukarwa” (Canon 1367); a zahiri kai hari ga shugaban cocin (Canon 1370); da kuma fuskantar zubar da ciki (a game da mahaifiyar) ko biyan kudin zubar da ciki (Canon 1398).

Bugu da kari, limaman na iya samun sanarwar ta atomatik, alal misali, ta hanyar bayyana zunuban da aka shaida masu a Sacrament of Confession (Canon 1388) ko ta halartar bikin kebanta bishop ba tare da yardar bisharar ba (Canon 1382).

Shin akwai yuwuwar ta dauke da wutar lantarki?
Tun da asalin batun fitar da shi shine kokarin shawo kan wanda aka tura shi ya tuba daga aikinsa (wanda har ransa ba ya cikin hatsari), fatan Cocin Katolika shi ne cewa duk wata hanyar da za'a fitar da ita daga baya za a dauke ta, kuma ba da jimawa ba bayan. A wasu halaye, kamar sadarwar atomatik don sayan zubar da ciki ko ridda, heresy ko istimna'i, za a iya tayar da sakon ta hanyar ingantacciyar magana, cikakke da kuma furta magana. A cikin wasu, kamar waɗanda ke bayar da shawarar yin ɗoraƙin a kan Eucharist ko cin zarafin sahihancin amanar, to shugaban baƙon zai iya ɗaga shi ne kawai (shugaban cocin).

Duk mutumin da yasan cewa an tura shi toshiyarwa kuma yana son a fitar da isarwar, to ya fara tuntuɓi firist din Ikklesiya kuma ya tattauna yanayi na musamman. Firist ɗin zai ba shi shawara kan matakan da ya kamata a ɗauka don cirewar.

Shin ina cikin haɗarin fitar da ni?
Matsakaicin Katolika da alama ba shi da haɗarin watsawa. Misali, shakku masu zaman kansu game da koyarwar Cocin Katolika, idan ba'a bayyana a bainar jama'a ba ko koyar dasu gaskiyane, ba daya bane da na karkatacciyar koyarwa, balle ma ridda.

Koyaya, al'adar zubar da ciki a tsakanin 'yan Katolika da kuma sauya mabiya darikar Katolika zuwa addinan da ba Krista ba sun hada da fitarda kai tsaye. Da za a mayar da shi cikakken tarayya tare da cocin Katolika ta yadda mutum zai iya karbar sacrament ɗin, irin wannan cirewar ya kamata a soke.

Shahararren caca
Yawancin shahararrun hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin tarihi, hakika, su ne wadanda ke da alaƙa da shuwagabannin darikar Furotesta, kamar Martin Luther a 1521, Henry VIII a 1533 da Elizabeth I a 1570. Wataƙila labarin da yafi tursasawa shi ne na mai mulkin sarki Roman Rome mai ɗaukaka Henry IV. , fitar dashi sau uku daga Paparoma Gregory VII. Da yake juya sakonsa, Henry ya yi aikin hajji a wurin Paparoma a watan Janairun 1077 kuma ya ci gaba da dusar ƙanƙara a wajen Canossa Castle na kwana uku, ƙafafu, azumi da saka rigar, har Gregory ya yarda ya ɗauke bayanan.

Babban shahararrun hanyoyin sadarwa na shekarun baya-bayannan ya faru ne lokacin da Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, mai goyon bayan masarautar Latin ta gargajiya kuma wanda ya kirkiro kungiyar Saint Pius X, ya kera bishofi hudu ba tare da yardar Paparoma John Paul II a 1988. Akbishop Lefebvre da majami'u hudu da aka tsarkake sabo sun sha fama da sadarwa ta atomatik, wanda Paparoma Benedict XVI ya soke a shekarar 2009.

A watan Disamba na 2016, mawakiyar mawakiya Madonna, a wani bangare na "Carpool Karaoke" akan Late Late Show Tare da James Corden, sunce cocin Katolika sun watsa shi sau uku. Duk da Madonna, wacce ta yi baftisma kuma ta yi ɗarikar Katolika, firistocin Katolika da bishofi suna yawan sukar ta saboda waƙoƙin da ta yi a cikin waƙoƙin ta, amma ba ta fitar da hukuma bisa hukuma ba. Zai yiwu Madonna ta sami isasshen watsawar ta atomatik don wasu ayyuka, amma a wannan yanayin ba Cocin Katolika ya fito da sanarwar wannan aikawar ta jama'a ba a bainar jama'a.