Ringan bikin aure a cikin Yahudanci

A cikin addinin Yahudanci, zobe na bikin aure yana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bikin auren yahudawa, amma bayan an gama bikin aure, mazaje da yawa basa saka zoben biki kuma ga wasu matan yahudawa, zobe yana karewa a hannun dama.

asali
Asalin zobe a zaman al'adar aure a addinin yahudawa wani tsauri ne. Babu takamaiman ambaton zoben da ake amfani da shi a bikin aure a kowane aiki na d. A. A cikin Sefer ha'Ittur, tarin hukunce-hukuncen Yahudu na 1608 akan lamurran kuɗi, aure, saki da (kwangilar aure) na Rabbi Yitzchak Bar Abba Mari na Marseille, rabbi ya tuno da wata al'ada wacce ake kira wacce zobe a matsayin wajibcin aure na iya tasowa. A cewar rabbi, ango zai aiwatar da bikin a gaban giya tare da zobe a ciki, yana cewa: "Anan kun tsinci kai ga wannan kofin da abin da ke ciki". Koyaya, ba a rubuta wannan ba cikin ayyukan da suka gabata, don haka ba ma'anar asalin ba ne.

Maimakon haka, mai yiwuwa zobe ya samo asali daga asalin dokar Yahudawa. Dangane da Mishnah Kedushin 1: 1, an samo mace (i.e. budurwa) ta hanyoyi uku:

Ta hanyar kuɗin
Ta hanyar kwangila
Ta hanyar jima'i
A akasance, ana bada jima'i ne bayan bikin aure kuma kwangilar tazo ta hanyar ketubah wacce aka sanya hannu a bikin auren. Tunanin “siye” mace mai kudi tayi mana baƙon abu a cikin zamani, amma gaskiyar lamarin ita ce namiji bai siyan matar sa ba, yana samarwa da ita wani abu na darajar kuɗi kuma tana karɓar ta ta karɓi labarin tare da darajar kuɗi. A zahiri, tunda mace ba za ta iya yin aure ba tare da yardar ta ba, yardarta da zobe ita ma wani nau’i ne na macen da ta yarda da aure (kamar yadda za ta yi tare da jima’i).

Gaskiyar ita ce cewa abu na iya zama na mafi ƙarancin darajar daraja, kuma a tarihi abin ya kasance tun daga littafin addu’a zuwa toa fruitan itace, aikin mallakar ko tsabar bikin aure na musamman. Kodayake kwanakin sun banbanta - ko'ina a tsakanin ƙarni na XNUMX zuwa na XNUMX - zobe ya zama ƙazamar ƙa'idar darajar kuɗi da aka baiwa amarya.

Bukatun
Dole ne zobe ya kasance cikin ango kuma dole ne a yi shi da ƙarfe mai sauƙi ba tare da duwatsu masu tamani ba. Dalilin hakan shine, idan ba a fahimci darajar zobe ba, zai iya hana auren dole.

A da, bangarorin biyu na bikin bikin yahudawa ba su faruwa a ranar ba. Bangarorin biyu na bikin aure sune:

Kedushin, wanda ke nufin tsattsauran mataki amma ana fassara shi sau da yawa a matsayin sanya hannu, a inda aka gabatar da zoben (ko ma'amala ta jima'i ko kwangila) ga matar
Nisuin, daga kalmar ma'ana "ɗaga kai", a cikin abin da ma'aurata suka fara yin aure tare
A yau, bangarorin biyu na ɗaurin aure suna gudana cikin sauri a cikin bikin da yawanci yakan ɗauki rabin sa'a. Akwai fasahar kide-kide da yawa a cikin kammala bikin.

Zoben yana taka rawa a sashin farko, kedushin, a karkashin chuppah, ko alfarwa ta bikin aure, a cikin abin da aka sanya zobe a yatsan hannun dama na dama kuma an faɗi abin da ke gaba: "Ku kasance tsarkaka (mekudeshet) tare da wannan zobe a cikin daidai da dokar Musa da Isra'ila. "

Wanne hannun?
A yayin bikin aure, ana sanya zoben a hannun dama na mace akan yatsan manuniya. Dalilin bayyananniyar amfani da hannun dama shi ne cewa rantsuwa - a cikin al'adun Yahudawa da na Rome - an al'adarmu ne (kuma a biyune) ana yinsu da hannun dama.

Dalilan sanyawa akan alkalumma sun bambanta kuma sun haɗa da:

Fingeran rubutun ya fi ƙarfin aiki, saboda haka yana da sauƙi don nuna ƙarar ga masu kallo
Manuniyar yatsa ita ce yatsa a zahiri wanda mutane da yawa suka sa zobe bikin aure
Indexididdigar, kasancewa mafi aiki, bazai zama wuri mai yiwuwa ga zobe ba, don haka matsayin sa akan wannan yatsa yana nuna cewa ba wai kawai wata kyauta kaɗai ba ce amma tana wakiltar aiki mai ɗaurewa
Bayan bikin aure, mata da yawa za su sanya zobe a hannun hagu, kamar yadda al’ada ce a duniyar yammacin yau, amma kuma akwai wasu da zasu sanya zobe na bikin aure (da kuma sanya zobe) a hannun dama na yatsar yatsa. Maza, a yawancin al'ummomin yahudawa na gargajiya, basa sa ringin biki. Koyaya, a Amurka da wasu ƙasashe inda Yahudawa ke cikin marasa rinjaye, maza suna da ra'ayin al'adun gargajiya na sanya zoben aure da saka ta a hagu.

Lura: don sauƙaƙe abubuwan da aka tsara wannan labarin, anyi amfani da "aikin" gargajiya na "ma'aurata" da "mata da miji". Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban a cikin dukkan furcin Yahudawa game da auren luwaɗan. Yayin da malamai masu sabuntawa za su yi alfahari da yin hukunci a tsakanin masu luwadi da madigo da kuma mazhabobin mazan jiya da suka bambanta a cikin ra'ayi. A cikin addinin Yahudanci na Orthodox, dole ne a faɗi cewa duk da cewa ba a yarda da aikata ba ko gayyar ba, an yi maraba da karɓar luwaɗan. Kalmomin da aka ambata ana karanta "Allah ba ya son zunubi, amma yana ƙaunar mai zunubi".