Alamar Nataraj na rawar Shiva

Nataraja ko Nataraj, nau'in rawa na Oluwa Shiva, alama ce ta halayyar manyan al'amuran addinin Hindu da kuma taƙaita ka'idodin tushen wannan addinin Vedic. Kalmar "Nataraj" tana nufin "Sarkin masu rawa" (Sanskrit da aka haifa = rawa; raja = sarki). A cikin kalmomin Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, Nataraj shine "bayyananniyar hoto na ayyukan Allah wanda kowane art ko addini zaiyi fahariya ... Wani karin bayyani mai ban sha'awa da wakiltar mutum mai motsi idan aka kwatanta da rawar Shiva da ba'a samo ba. kusan babu inda ake, "(Rawa da Shiva)

Asalin samfurin Nataraj
Babban wakilci na tarihi mai zurfi na al'adun gargajiya na Indiya, an bunƙasa shi a kudancin Indiya ta 880th da 1279th art artists a zamanin Chola (XNUMX-XNUMX AD) a cikin jerin zane-zanen tagulla na kyawawan abubuwa. A karni na XII AD ya kai can canonical form sannan kuma ba da daɗewa Chola Nataraja ta zama babbar tabbatar da fasahar Hindu.

Mahimmanci tsari da alama
A cikin haɗin abin mamaki mai ban mamaki da haɓaka mai ƙarfi wanda ke bayyana rawar jiki da daidaituwa na rayuwa, an nuna Nataraj tare da hannaye huɗu waɗanda ke wakiltar kwatance. Yana rawa, tare da kafarsa ta hagu kyakkyawa da kafada ta dama akan sujjada: "Apasmara Purusha", fassarar haskakawa da jahilci wanda Shiva yayi nasara. Hannun hagu na sama yana riƙe da harshen wuta, ƙananan hagu na hannun dama yana nuni zuwa ga dwarf, wanda aka nuna yana riƙe da kabbara a hannunsa. Hannun dama na sama yana riƙe da tambarin hourglass ko "dumroo" wanda ke wakiltar ƙa'idar mace mai mahimmanci, a kasan yana nuna karɓar sanarwa: "Kada ku ji tsoro".

Ana ganin macizai waɗanda ke wakiltar son kai, ba sa iya kamewa daga hannayensa, kafafunsa da gashi, wanda aka taurare shi da kuma Jeweled. Makullin kullenta na rawa yayin da take rawa a cikin wata harshen wuta wanda ke wakiltar zagayowar haihuwa da mutuwa. A kansa ne kwanyar, wadda ke nuna nasarar sa bisa mutuwa. God Gan Gan, wani jigo ne na kogin Ganges mai alfarma, shima yana zaune a kan suturar gashinta. Idanunsa na uku alama ce ta masanin iliminsa, saninsa da fadakarwarsa. Dukkanin gumakan ya dogara ne akan gindin maɗaura, alamar alama ce ta rundunar halittar duniya.

Ma'anar rawar rawar Shiva
Wannan waƙar ta cosmic na Shiva ana kiranta "Anandatandava", wanda ke nufin Dance of bliss, kuma alama ce ta raye-raye na halittar da lalacewa, da kuma rawar yau da kullun na haihuwa da mutuwa. Rawa kwatanci alama ce ta manyan abubuwa guda biyar na madawwamin ƙarfi: halitta, halaka, kiyayewa, ceto da kuma labari. Dangane da Coomaraswamy, rawar Shiva kuma tana wakiltar ayyukansa guda biyar: "Shrishti" (halitta, juyin halitta); 'Sthiti' (kiyayewa, tallafi); 'Samhara' (halaka, juyin halitta); 'Tirobhava' (mafarki); da 'Anugraha' ('yanci, ma'ana, alheri).

Babban halin hoton yana da rikitarwa, yana haɗuwa da kwanciyar hankali na ciki na Shiva da aikin waje.

Misalin kimiyya
Fritzof Capra a cikin labarinsa "Rawar Shiva: Ra'ayin Hindu game da Matter a Haske na kimiyyar kimiyyar zamani", kuma daga baya a cikin The Tao of Physics, yana da kyau ya danganta rawar Nataraj da kimiyyar zamani. Ya ce “kowace kwayar halitta ba wai kawai tana yin rawar rawa ba amma kuma rawar rawa ce; tsari mai haifar da abubuwa da lalacewa ... ba iyaka ... Don masana kimiyyar lissafi na zamani, rawar Shiva ita ce rawar da ke tattare da batun kwayoyin halitta. Kamar yadda a cikin tarihin Tarihi na Hindu, wani cigaba ne na halitta da lalacewa wanda ya shafi duk abubuwan cosmos; Tushen dukkan rayuwa da dukkanin abubuwan halitta ".

The mutum-mutumi Nataraj a CERN, Geneva
A shekarar 2004, an gabatar da wani mutum-mutumi na rawa na 2 a CERN, Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Turai a Geneva. Wani wasan kwaikwayo na musamman kusa da mutum-mutun Shiva ya bayyana ma'anar kwatankwacin rawar Shiva tare da kwaso daga Capra: “Shekaru da yawa da suka wuce, masu zane-zane na Indiya sun kirkiro hotunan gani na rawar Shiva cikin jerin kyawawan tagulla. A zamaninmu, masana ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun yi amfani da fasaha na zamani da suka fi fice don nuna kwalliyar rawar cosmic. Misalin kwalliyar rawa ta zamani yana hade da labarin tsohuwar tsibiri, zane-zane na addini da kimiyyar zamani. "

Don taƙaitawa, ga sigar bayani a kan kyakkyawar waka da Ruth Peel:

"Tushen duk motsin,
Dance Shiva,
yana ba da baki ga sararin samaniya.
Yi rawa a wuraren mugunta,
a cikin tsarki,
kirkira da tsarewa,
halaka da kuma frees.

Muna wani bangare na wannan rawar
Wannan madawwamin kara,
Kuma bone ya tabbata a gare mu idan, makantar da
son sani,
mun watse
Dance Dance Dance,
wannan jituwa ta duniya ... "