Saint John Henry Newman, Waliyyin ranar 24 ga Satumba

(21 Fabrairu 1801 - 11 Agusta 1890)

Labarin St John Henry Newman
John Henry Newman, babban malamin addinin Roman Katolika mai magana da Ingilishi a karni na XNUMX, ya shafe rabin farkon rayuwarsa a matsayin Anglican kuma rabi na biyu a matsayin Roman Katolika. Ya kasance firist, mashahurin mai wa’azi, marubuci, kuma sanannen mai ilimin tauhidi a cikin majami’un biyu.

An haife shi a Landan, Ingila, yayi karatu a Kwalejin Trinity a Oxford, ya kasance malamin koyarwa a Kwalejin Oriel kuma tsawon shekaru 17 ya kasance shugaban cocin jami’ar, St. Mary the Virgin. A ƙarshe ya buga juzu'i takwas na Parochial da Bayyana wa'azin, da kuma littattafai biyu. Sir Edward Elgar ne ya sanya wakarsa, "Mafarkin Gerontius".

Bayan 1833, Newman sanannen memba ne na fordungiyar Oxford, wanda ya ba da bashin Cocin ga Ubannin Cocin kuma ya bijire wa kowane irin ra'ayi na kallon gaskiya a matsayin abin ɗabi'a gaba ɗaya.

Binciken tarihi ya sanya Newman zargin cewa Cocin Katolika na Roman na da kusanci da Cocin da Yesu ya kafa. A cikin 1845 an karɓe shi cikin cikakken tarayya a matsayin Katolika. Shekaru biyu bayan haka an nada shi firist na Katolika a Rome kuma ya shiga theungiyar Oratory, wanda San Filippo Neri ya kafa ƙarni uku baya. Da ya dawo Ingila, Newman ya kafa gidajen Malami a Birmingham da Landan kuma ya yi shekara bakwai yana matsayin rector na Jami'ar Katolika ta Ireland.

Kafin Newman, tiyolojin Katolika sun yi watsi da tarihi, sun gwammace su zana abubuwa daga ƙa'idodin farko, kamar yadda yanayin sama yake. Bayan Newman, kwarewar rayuwar masu imani an yarda da ita a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na tunanin tiyoloji.

Daga ƙarshe Newman ya rubuta littattafai 40 da wasiƙu 21.000 da suka rage. Mafi shahara shi ne littafinsa mai suna Essay on the Debelopment of Christian Doctrine, On Consulting the amincin a cikin Matters of Doctrine, Apologia Pro Vita Sua - tarihin rayuwarsa na ruhaniya har zuwa 1864 - da kuma Essay kan Grammar of Assent. Ya yarda da koyarwar Vatican I akan rashin kuskuren papal ta hanyar lura da iyakokinta, wanda mutane da yawa waɗanda suka fi son wannan ma'anar ba sa son yi.

Lokacin da aka nada Newman kadinal a cikin 1879, ya ɗauki takensa "Cor ad cor loquitur" - "Zuciya tana magana da zuciya". An binne shi a Rednal shekaru 11 daga baya. Bayan da aka tono kabarin nasa a shekarar 2008, an shirya sabon kabari a cocin Birmingham Oratory.

Shekaru uku bayan mutuwar Newman, ƙungiyar Newman ta ɗaliban ɗariƙar Katolika ta fara a Jami'ar Pennsylvania da ke Philadelphia. Bayan lokaci, sunansa ya kasance yana da alaƙa da cibiyoyin minista na kwalejoji da jami'o'i da yawa na Amurka da na masu zaman kansu.

A cikin 2010, Paparoma Benedict na 2019 ya buge Newman a Landan. Benedict ya lura da girmamawar Newman kan muhimmiyar rawar da aka saukar da addini a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a, amma kuma ya yaba da kishin sa na makiyaya ga marasa lafiya, matalauta, waɗanda aka yi musu rasuwa da waɗanda ke kurkuku. Paparoma Francis ya canonized Newman a cikin watan Oktoba 9. Idin litattafan litattafan St. John Henry Newman shine XNUMX ga Oktoba.

Tunani
John Henry Newman an kira shi "mahaifin Vatican II ba ya nan" saboda rubuce-rubucensa kan lamiri, 'yancin addini, Littattafai, kiran' yan boko, alakar coci da jiha da sauran batutuwa sun yi matukar tasiri a cikin kafa Majalisar. takardu. Kodayake ba a fahimtar Newman koyaushe ko kuma nuna masa godiya, amma ya dage sosai yana yin bisharar ta kalmomi da misali.