San Junipero Serra, Saint na ranar don Yuli 1st

(24 Nuwamba 1713 - 28 ga Agusta 1784)

Tarihin San Junipero Serra
A shekara ta 1776, lokacin da aka fara juyin juya halin Amurka a gabas, wani bangare na rayuwar Amurka mai zuwa ana haihuwar ta ne a California. A waccan shekarar wani ɗan Franciscan sanye da launin toka ya kafa San Juan Capistrano Ofishin Jakadancin, wanda yanzu ya shahara saboda haɗiyensa waɗanda ke dawowa kowace shekara. San Juan shi ne na bakwai daga cikin abubuwan tara waɗanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin wannan Baƙin cikin Spain.

An haife shi a tsibirin Majorca na Spain, Serra ya shiga cikin umarnin Franciscan yana ɗaukar sunan abokin abokin St. Francis, Brotheran uwan ​​Juniper. Har zuwa shekara 35, ya kwashe mafi yawan lokacinsa a aji, da farko a matsayin dalibi a tauhidi sannan kuma a matsayin farfesa. Ya kuma shahara wajen wa'azin sa. Nan da nan ya watsar da komai kuma ya bi son abin da ya fara shekaru kafin lokacin da ya sami labarin aikin mishan na San Francesco Solano a Kudancin Amurka. Junipero muradin shi shine maida dan asalin kasar zuwa sabuwar Duniya.

Isarsa ta jirgi zuwa Vera Cruz, Mexico, shi da abokin tafiya sun yi tafiyar mil 250 zuwa Mexico City. Tare da hanyar Junipero ta hagu ya kamu da cizon kwari kuma zai kasance gicciye - wani lokacin yana da haɗari ga rayuwa - har tsawon rayuwarsa. Shekaru 18 ya yi aiki a tsakiyar Mexico da masarautar Baja. Ya zama shugaban ma'aikata a can.

Shiga siyasa: barazanar mamayar Rashawa da Alaska daga kudu. Charles na III na Spain ya ba da umarnin balaguro don doke Rasha a kan yankin. Don haka nasarawa biyu na ƙarshe - soja, na ruhaniya - sun fara binciken su. José de Galvez ya shawo kan Junipero ya tafi tare da shi don yin Monterey, California. Missionungiya ta farko da aka kafa bayan tafiyar mil mil 900 zuwa arewa ita ce San Diego a cikin 1769. A wannan shekarar, karancin abinci ya kusan dakatar da balaguron. Yin rantsuwa ya kasance tare da jama'ar yankin, Junipero da wani friar sun fara novena don shiri don ranar St. Joseph, 19 Maris, ranar ƙaura. Jirgin ceto ya iso wannan ranar.

Sauran ayyukan sun biyo bayan: Monterey / Carmel (1770); San Antonio da San Gabriel (1771); San Luís Obispo (1772); San Francisco da San Juan Capistrano (1776); Santa Clara (1777); San Buenaventura (1782). An kafa ƙarin goma sha biyu bayan mutuwar Serra.

Junipero ya yi doguwar tafiya zuwa Birnin Meziko don sasanta manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kwamandan sojan. Ya isa bakin mutuwa. Sakamakon ya kasance ainihin abin da Junipero yake nema: shahararren "Dokoki" wanda ke ba da kariya ga Indiyawan da sauran manufa. Ya zama tushen farkon dokar California, "Dokar 'Yancin' 'ga Americansan Amurkawa.

Tun da Nan ƙasar Amurkawa sun rayu rayuwar da ba ta mutum ba daga ra'ayin Mutanen Espanya, friars ɗin sun zama masu kula da su na doka. An ci gaba da kasancewa 'yan asalin Amurka a wata manufa bayan baftisma saboda tsoron lalata a cikin tsoffin rukunin gidajensu, wani yunkuri da ya haifar da wasu kukan "zalunci na zamani".

Rayuwar mishan ta Junipero ta kasance dogon yaƙi da sanyi da yunwa, tare da kwamandojin sojoji marasa jin daɗi har ma da haɗarin mutuwa ga nan ƙasar da ba Krista ba. A cikin wannan duk addu'arsa ta rashin sanin makamar aiki tana kara rura wutar addu'a kowane dare, galibi daga tsakar dare zuwa wayewar gari. Ya yi baftisma sama da mutane 6.000 kuma ya tabbatar 5.000. Balaguron sa zai tafi ko'ina cikin duniya. Ya kawo Nan asalin Amurkawa ba kawai kyautar bangaskiya ba, har ma da kyakkyawan matsayin rayuwa. Ya ci kaunar su, kamar yadda aka shaida sama da duka ta azabarsu saboda mutuwa. An binne shi a cikin Ofishin San San Diego Borromeo, Carmelo, kuma an yi masa dundu a cikin 1988. Fafaroma Francis ya iya yi masa rakiya a Washington, DC a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2015.

Tunani
Kalmar da ta fi bayanin Junipero ita ce himma. Wani ruhu ne da ya fito daga addu'arsa mai zurfi da kuma son zuciyarsa. Motsa kai yayi "gaba gaba, baya baya" shine taken sa. Aikinsa ya biya har shekara 50 bayan rasuwarsa, kamar yadda sauran ayyukan da aka kafa a cikin hanyar rayuwar jama'ar Kirista da Indiyawa ke yi. Lokacin da dukiyar Mexico da Amurkawa suka haifar da ɓoye ma'anar mishan, mutanen Chumash sun koma ga abin da suka kasance: Allah ya sake rubutawa da lamuran da ba daidai ba.