Gano St. Augustine: daga mai zunubi zuwa masanin tauhidi na Kirista

St. Augustine, bishop na Hippo a arewacin Afirka (daga 354 zuwa 430 AD), yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tunanin Ikklisiyar farko ta Ikklesiya, mai ilimin tauhidi wanda ra'ayoyin sa suka tasiri duka Katolika da Furotesta na Rome har abada.

Amma Augustine bai zo Kiristanci ta hanya mai sauki ba. Tun yana karami ya fara neman gaskiya a cikin falsafann arna da sanannun sanannun zamaninsa. Ya karami rayuwar shi ma fasikanci yake. Labarin sabon tuba, wanda aka fada a cikin littafinsa Confession, ɗayan manyan shaidu ne na Kirista na har abada.

Hanyar mara hankali ga Augustine
An haifi Agostino a cikin 354 a Thagaste, a cikin lardin arewacin Afirka na Numidia, a yau Algeria. Mahaifinsa, Patrizio, arna ne wanda ya yi aiki kuma ya sami ceto saboda ɗansa ya sami ilimi mai kyau. Monica, mahaifiyarta, Kirista ce da ke sadaukar da kai wanda ke addu'ar ɗanta koyaushe.

Daga karatunta na asali a garinsu, Augustine ya fara karatun adabin adabin gargajiya, sannan ya tafi Carthage don horarwa a rhatoric, wanda wani mai karɓar riba mai suna Roumaniyanci ya tallafawa. Kamfanin mara kyau ya haifar da mummunan hali. Augustine ya dauki masoyi kuma ya haifi ɗa, Adeodatus, wanda ya mutu a 390 AD

Tare da yunwar sa don hikima, Augustine ya zama ɗan Manichean. Manichaeism, wanda masanin Falsafar Mani (Mani (daga 216 zuwa 274 AD)) ya koyar da dualism, rarrabuwa tsakanin nagarta da mugunta. Kamar Gnosticism, wannan addinin yayi da'awar cewa ilimin ɓoye hanyar hanya ce ta samun ceto. Yayi ƙoƙarin haɗa koyarwar Buddha, Zoroaster da kuma Yesu Kristi.

A hanyar, Monica ta yi addu'a don tuban ɗanta. Wannan ya faru a ƙarshe a cikin 387, lokacin da Augustrogio, bishop na Milan, Italiya ya yi baftisma Augustine. Augustine ya koma garinsu Thagaste, aka naɗa shi firist kuma bayan fewan shekaru sai aka naɗa shi bishop na garin Hippo.

Augustine ya sami ilimi da fasaha amma ya sami sauki a rayuwa, ya yi kama da biri. Ya karfafa sufaye da litattafan hanu a cikin majalisarsa a Afirka kuma koyaushe suna maraba da baƙi waɗanda zasu iya shiga tattaunawa ta koya. Ya yi aiki sosai a matsayin firist Ikklesiya fiye da matsayin bishop wanda aka keɓe, amma a duk rayuwarsa koyaushe yana yin rubutu.

Rubuta akan zukatanmu
Augustine ya koyar da cewa a cikin Tsohon Alkawari (Tsohon Alkawari), doka ba ta waje da mu ba, an rubuta ta a kan allunan dutse, Dokoki Goma. Wannan dokar ba zata iya kawo barata ba, laifi kawai.

A cikin Sabon Alkawari, ko Sabon Alkawari, an rubuta doka a cikin mu, a cikin zukatan mu, ya ce, an maishe mu masu adalci ta wurin karɓar alherin Allah da ƙaunar sake.

Wancan adalci ba ya zuwa namu ayyukan, duk da haka, amma ana cin nasara a kanmu saboda mutuwar kafara ta Kristi akan gicciye, wanda alherinsa ya zo mana ta wurin Ruhu mai tsarki, ta wurin bangaskiya da baftisma.

Augustine ya yi imani cewa ba a lasafta alherin Kristi zuwa asusun namu don warware zunubin mu ba, amma cewa ya taimaka mana mu kiyaye doka. Mun fahimci cewa ba zamu iya girmama doka da kanmu ba, don haka an kai mu ga Kristi. Ta hanyar alheri, bamu kiyaye doka ta tsoro, kamar yadda a cikin Tsohon Alkawari, amma saboda soyayya, in ji shi.

A cikin rayuwarsa, Augustine ya rubuta game da yanayin zunubi, Allah-Uku-Cikin-,aya, 'yancin zaɓe da kuma yanayin ɗan adam, sakwannin Allah da wadatarwar sa. Tunaninsa yayi zurfi har da yawa daga ra'ayoyin sa sun ba da tushen koyarwar tauhidin Krista tsawan ƙarni masu zuwa.

Tasirin nesa Augustine
Ayyukan mashahuran Augustine guda biyu sune Confession da City of Allah. A cikin Confession, ta ba da labarin lalata da lalata da mahaifiyarta ta damu da ruhinta. Ya taƙaita ƙaunarsa ga Kristi, yana cewa, "Don haka zan iya dakatar da baƙin cikin kaina kuma in sami farin ciki a cikinku."

Birnin Allah, wanda aka rubuta zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar Augustine, ya kasance wani ɓangare na kare Kiristanci a Daular Rome. Sarki Theodosius ya mai da Kiristanci na Triniti ya zama addinin hukuma na masarautar a cikin 390. Shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ɗan Baƙi ɗan Visigoth, wanda Alaric na I ya jagoranta, ya kori Rome. Da yawa daga cikin Romawa suna ɗora wa Kiristanci laifi, suna masu jayayya cewa nisantawa daga gumakan gumakan Roman da ya haifar da shan kaye. Sauran Garin Allah yana banbanta biranen duniya da na sama.

Lokacin da yake bishop na Hippo, Saint Augustine ya kafa ruhohi ga maza da mata. Ya kuma rubuta doka, ko saitin umarni, game da halayen dodanni da masu janaba. Ya kasance har zuwa 1244 ne wasu rukunin ruhohi da al'adun gargaɗi suka shiga Italiya kuma aka kafa Order of St. Augustine, ta amfani da wannan dokar.

Kimanin shekaru 270 bayan haka, wani jigon Augustini, wanda shima masanin Baibul kamar Augustine, yayi tawaye da yawancin manufofi da koyarwar cocin Roman Katolika. Sunansa Martin Luther kuma ya zama ɗan adali a cikin Juyin Juyin Juya Halin Furotesta.

Albarkatun da kara karatu
Christian Apologetics da Ma'aikatar Bincike
Dokar St. Augustine
Jami'ar Fordham,
Dokar St. Augustine
Kiristanci a yau
Zuwan
Ikirari, St. Augustine, Jami'ar Jami'ar Oxford, fassarar da bayanin kula daga Henry Chadwick.