ʻO ka moʻo ʻana a me ka moekolohe

Ua loaʻa nā wahine Buddhist, me nā nune, i ka hoʻokae ʻino mai nā hale Buddhist ma ʻAsia no nā kenekulia. Aia ka like ʻole o ke kāne i ka hapa nui o nā hoʻomana o ka honua, ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā ʻaʻole ia he kumu. Hoʻokomo maoli ʻia ka sexism i ka Buddhism a i ʻole nā ​​ʻenehana Buddhist i komo i ka sexism mai ka moʻomeheu Asia? Hiki i ka Buddhism ke mālama i nā wahine e like me ka hoʻomana Buddhism?

ʻO ka mōʻaukala mōʻaukala a me nā nūahine mua
E hoʻomaka kāua mai ka hoʻomaka, me ka Buddha mōʻaukala. Wahi a ka Pali Vinaya a me nā palapala hemolele ʻē aʻe, hōʻole mua ka Buddha i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i nā wahine ma ke ʻano nunui. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo ka ʻae ʻana i nā wahine e komo i ka sangha e ola wale nō i kāna mau aʻo ʻana no ka hapalua - 500 mau makahiki ma kahi o 1.000.

Ua nīnau aku ka hoahānau o Buddha ʻo Ananda inā aia kekahi kumu e hiki ʻole ai i nā wahine ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mālamalama a komo i Nirvana a me nā kāne. Ua ʻae ka Buddha ʻaʻole he kumu e hiki ʻole ai i ka wahine ke hoʻomālamalama. "ʻO nā wahine, ʻo Ananda, ma hope o ka hiki ke hoʻomaopopo, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā hua o ke kiʻi ʻana i ke kahe a i ʻole nā ​​hua o ka hoʻi ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​hua o ka hoʻi ʻole a me ke arahant," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.

ʻO kēia ka moʻolelo, eia nō naʻe. Wahi a kekahi mau mōʻaukala, he mea hou kēia moʻolelo i kākau ʻia i loko o nā palapala hemolele ma hope, e kahi mea paʻi puke ʻike ʻole ʻia. He kamaliʻi ʻo Ananda i ka wā i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ai nā nun mua, no laila ʻaʻole paha hiki iā ia ke ʻōlelo aʻo aku i ka Buddha.

ʻ saylelo ʻia hoʻi nā palapala hemolele i kekahi mau wahine i nā ʻuna wahine Buddhist mua i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ka Buddha no ko lākou naʻauao a he nui nā mea ʻike i hoʻokō.

Nā kānāwai kānāwai ʻole ʻole no nā kuʻuna
Hoʻopaʻa ka Vinaya-pitaka i nā lula kumu o ke aʻo no nā mōneka a me nā nun. Aia i kahi bhikkuni (nun) nā lula me ka hāʻawi ʻia i kahi mōneka. ʻO nā mea nui o kēia mau lula ua kapa ʻia ʻo Otto Garudhammas ("nā lula kaumaha"). Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻana i nā mōneka; e manaʻo ʻia nā pōpē nunui "junior" no ka mōneka hoʻokahi lā.

Kuhi kekahi mau ʻepekema i ka hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ka Pali Bhikkuni Vinaya (ka ʻāpana o ka Pali Canon e pili ana i nā lula no nā nune) a me nā mana ʻē aʻe o nā huaʻōlelo a manaʻo e hoʻohui ʻia nā rula inaina ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka make ʻana o Buddha. Ma hea lākou i hele mai ai, i nā kenekulia i hoʻohana ʻia nā lula ma nā wahi he nui o ʻAsia e hoʻonāwaliwali i nā wahine mai ke koho ʻia ʻana.

I ka hala ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā kauoha nun i mau kenekulia i hala aku nei, ua hoʻohana nā conservatives i nā lula i koi ʻia i ke alo o nā mōneka i hoʻonoho ʻia e hoʻonoho i nā nunui e pale aku i nā wahine mai ke koho ʻia ʻana. Inā ʻaʻohe nune i hoʻolaʻa ʻia e ola nei, e like me nā lula, ʻaʻohe hiki ke loaʻa nā nun. Ua hoʻopau maikaʻi kēia i ka hoʻolaʻa piha ʻana o nā nuna i nā kauoha Theravada o Hikina Hema Asia; hiki i nā wahine ke novice wale nō. A ʻaʻohe kauoha nun i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Tibet Buddhism, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau lamas Tibet.

Eia naʻe, aia kekahi kauoha o nā maʻa Mahayana ma Kina a me Taiwan e hiki ke ʻike i kona kaina i ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻana o nā mau kuʻuna. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi mau wahine ʻoiai he mau kaikuahine ʻo Theravada i mua o kēia mau madame Mahayana, ʻoiai he mea hakakā nui loa kēia ma kekahi o nā kauoha monarchial o Theravada.

Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa i ka wahine nā hopena ma o Buddhism. Ua haʻi ʻia iaʻu e makemake nui ana nā Aliʻi Taiwan i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma ko lākou ʻāina ma mua o nā mō'ī. ʻO ka moʻomeheu Zen kekahi mau kumu hoʻohālike wahine Zen i loko o kāna mōʻaukala.

Hiki i nā wahine ke komo iā Nirvana?
Kū'ē nā kumu Buddhist i ka mālamalama o nā wahine. ʻAʻohe mana hoʻonohonoho e ʻōlelo no nā Buddhism āpau. ʻAʻole like nā kula a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole i ka palapala like; ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā huaʻōlelo waena ma kekahi mau kula e like me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e kekahi. A ʻaʻole kūlike ʻole ka palapala hemolele.

No ka laʻana, ʻo Sukhavati-vyuha Sutra ka mea nui, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Aparimitayur Sutra, ʻo ia kekahi o nā sutras ʻekolu e hoʻolauna nei i nā hoʻokumu aʻo o ka kula Pure Land. Aia kahi sutra i kahi manaʻo i manaʻo ʻia i ka wahine hoʻi e hoʻohuli ʻia e like me nā kāne ma mua o ke komo ʻana iā Nirvana. ʻIke ʻia kēia manaʻo mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa ma kekahi mau palapala ʻē aʻe o Mahayana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole au i ʻike i ka Pali Canon.

Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, aʻo ka Vimalakirti Sutra e aʻo i ka virility a me ka wahine, e like me nā ʻokoʻa phenomenal ʻē aʻe, he mea maoli ʻole. "Me kēia e noʻonoʻo nei, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Buddha," I nā mea āpau, ʻaʻohe kāne a wahine ʻole "." ʻO ka Vimilakirti kahi ʻōlelo nui i loko o nā kula Mahayana, e laʻa me Tibet a me Zen Buddhism.

"Loaʻa i nā kānaka āpau ka Dharma ma ke ala like"
ʻOiai ʻo ke keʻakeʻa kūʻē iā lākou, ma ka mōʻaukala Buddhist, nui nā wāhine i kiʻi i ka mahalo no ko lākou hoʻomaopopo i ka dharma.

Ua haʻi mua wau i nā haku wahine Zen. I loko o nā makahiki gula o Chʻan (Zen) Buddhism (Kina, circa 7th-9th kenekulia) ua aʻo nā wahine me nā kumu kāne kāne, a ua ʻike ʻia kekahi poʻe he mau hoʻoilina o ka Dharma a me nā haku o Chʻan. ʻO Liu Tiemo kēia, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Iron Grindstone"; Moshan; me Miaoxin. He kumu ʻo Moshan no nā mōneka a me nā nun.

Ua lawe ʻo Eihei Dogen (1200-1253) iā Soto Zen mai Kina a Iapana a ʻo ia kekahi o nā haku hanohano i ka moʻolelo o Zen. I loko o kahi ʻōlelo i kapa ʻia ʻo Raihai Tokuzui, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dogen, "I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka dharma, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea ka dharma ma ke ʻano like. E hoʻomaikaʻi ka poʻe āpau a e noʻonoʻo i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka dharma. Mai nīnau inā he kāne a wahine paha. ʻO kēia ke kānāwai kupaianaha loa o ka buddha-dharma. "

Buda i kēia lā
I kēia mau lā, ʻike ka wahine Buddhist ma ke Komohana i ka sexism institutional e like me ke ana o ka moʻomeheu ʻAsia e hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka dharma. Hoʻopili ʻia kekahi o nā kauoha monical komohana, me nā kāne a me nā wahine ma muli o nā lula like.

"Ma Asia, ke hana nei nā kauoha a nā kaikuahine e pili ana i nā kūlana maikaʻi a me ka aʻo ʻana, akā i nā ʻāina he nui loa lākou. ʻAʻole e hoʻopau ʻia nā kenekulia o ka hoʻokae ʻana i ka pō hoʻokahi. ʻOi aku ka hakakā o ke kaulike ma kekahi mau kula a me nā moʻomeheu ma mua o nā kula ʻē aʻe, akā aia kahi momentum i ke kaulike a ʻike ʻole wau i kahi kumu e hoʻomau ʻole ai kēlā momentum.