Judaism: He aha ke ʻano o Shomer?
Inā paha ʻoe i lohe a haʻi i kekahi e ʻōlelo nei he shaber shabbat, e noʻonoʻo paha paha ʻoe i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke kumu. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo shomer (שומר, plural shomrim, שומרים) mai kā ka huaʻōlelo Hebera shamar (שמר) a me ke ʻano maoli e pale, nānā a mālama. Hoʻohana pinepine ia e wehewehe i nā hana a me ka nānā ʻana ma ke kānāwai Hebera, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he inoa ma ka ʻōlelo Hebera hou e wehewehe ai i ka ʻoihana mālama (no ka laʻana kekahi, he hale kiaʻi).
Eia kekahi o nā laʻana maʻamau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i shomer:
Inā mālama ka mea i ka kosher, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo shomer kashrut, ʻo ia ʻo ia ke hahai ʻana i ka nui o nā kānāwai papa o ka Iuda.
ʻO ka mea nāna e shomer Shabbat a i ʻole shomer Shabbos e nānā i nā kānāwai a me nā kauoha a ka Sābati Iudaio.
ʻO ka hua'ōlelo shomer negiah e pili ana i ka mea i pili i nā kānāwai e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka pilina kino me ka wahine ʻē aʻe.
Shomer ma ke kānāwai Iudaio
Eia kekahi, shomer ma ke kānāwai Iudaio (halacha) kahi kanaka nona ka hana e pale ai i kahi waiwai a kekahi kanaka paha. Ua hoʻomaka nā kānāwai shomer ma Exodo 22: 6-14:
(6) Inā hāʻawi ke kāne i ke kālā a i ʻole nā mea i kona hoalauna no ka mālama pono ʻana, a ʻaihue ʻia mai ka hale o ua kāne nei, inā loaʻa ka ʻaihue, e uku ʻo ia i ʻelua mau manawa. (7) Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ʻaihue, pono ka mea nona ka hale e hoʻokokoke i nā luna kānāwai, [e hoʻohiki] ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kau i kona lima ma ka waiwai o ka hoalauna. (8) No kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo lawehala, no ka bipi, no ka hoki, no ke keiki hipa, no ka lole, no nā mea nalowale, e ʻōlelo ai pēlā, ʻo ka nonoi ʻana o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i nā luna kānāwai, a me kekahi mea hoʻopiʻi nā luna kānāwai, e uku ʻo ia i kona hoanoho ʻelua mau manawa. (9) Inā hāʻawi kekahi kanaka i kona hoanoho i hoki, bipi, hipa a holoholona paha no ke kiaʻi ʻana, a make ʻo ia, haki ka lālā, a hopu ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia e kekahi, (10) ka hoʻohiki a ka Haku i waena o ka ʻelua inā ʻaʻole ia e kau i kona lima ma ka waiwai o ka hoalauna, a e ʻae ka mea nāna ia, a ʻaʻohe ona uku. (11) Akā inā ʻaihue ʻia ia, e uku ʻo ia i ka mea nāna ia. (12) Inā ua haehae ʻia ʻo ia, pono ʻo ia e hōʻike; [no] ka mea haehae ʻaʻole pono e uku. (13) A inā hōʻaiʻē kekahi i [kahi holoholona] mai kona hoanoho a haki i kahi lālā a make paha, inā ʻaʻole pū ka mea nona ia, e uku nō ia. (14) Inā aia ka mea nona me ia, ʻaʻole ia e uku; inā he [mea hoʻolimalima] ia, ua hele mai ia no kona hoʻolimalima.
ʻEhā mau māhele o Shomer
Mai kēia, hele mai ka poʻe akamai i ʻehā mau lālā o kahi shomer a, i kēlā me kēia hihia, pono ka makemake o kēlā me kēia, ʻaʻole i koi ʻia, e lilo i shomer.
shomer hinam: kahu kiaʻi ʻole (ʻoiaʻiʻo mai Exodo 22: 6-8)
shomer sachar: kahu mālama mau (mai ka ʻ Exoduslelo mai Exodo 22: 9-12)
Socher: ka mea hoʻolimalima (e hoʻomaka ana ma Exodus 22:14)
ka poko: ka mea i hōʻea (i ka Exodo 22: 13-14)
Aia kēlā me kēia māhele i kona mau pae ʻokoʻa o nā kuleana kūloko e like me nā pauku e pili ana i ka Exodo 22 (Mishnah, Bava Metzia 93a). ʻOiai hiki i kēia lā, i loko o ka honua Iudaio Orthodox, mālama nā kānāwai palekana a hoʻokomo ʻia.
ʻO kekahi o nā kūmole moʻomeheu pop maʻamau i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā e hoʻohana ana i ka huaʻōlelo shomer mai ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo "The Big Lebowski" 1998, kahi i huhū ai ko John Goodman ʻano ʻo Walter Sobchak i ka ʻāpana bowling no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻole ʻo ia ʻo Shomerba Shabbos