Ua hana ʻia ka coronavirus i ka ʻoihana? ʻ replieslelo aku ka ʻepekemaʻenehana

E like me ka nūhou coronavirus i kumu COVID-19 pālahalaha aʻe a puni ka honua, me nā hihia i ʻoi aku ma mua o 284.000 ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa (Malaki 20), hoʻolaha koke ʻia ka ʻike hewa.

ʻO kahi moemoeā hoʻomau mau kēia virus, i kapa ʻia ʻo SARS-CoV-2, i hana ʻia e nā ʻepekema a pakele mai kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua ma Wuhan, Kina, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka ʻōhū.

Hiki i kahi hōʻuluʻulu hou o SARS-CoV-2 ke hoʻopau i ka manaʻo hope e hoʻomaha. Ua hoʻohālikelike kahi hui o nā kānaka noiʻi i ka genome o kēia novel coronavirus me nā coronavirus ʻehiku i ʻike ʻia e hoʻopili i nā kānaka: SARS, MERS a me SARS-CoV-2, hiki ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi. me HKU1, NL63, OC43, a me 229E, ka mea maʻamau ke kumu o nā ʻōuli palupalu wale nō, ua kākau nā mea noiʻi ma ka lā 17 Malaki i ka puke pai ʻo Nature Medicine.

"Hōʻike maopopo kā mākou nānā ʻana ʻaʻole ʻo SARS-CoV-2 kahi hale hana a i ʻole kahi virus i hoʻohana ʻia kūikawā ʻia," kākau lākou i loko o ka ʻatikala puke pai.

ʻO Kristian Andersen, he loea pili o ka immunology a me ka microbiology ma Scripps Research, a ua ninaninau ʻia kona mau hoapili i ke kumu hoʻohālikelike no nā proteins spike e puka ana mai ka papa o ka maʻi. Hoʻohana ka coronavirus i kēia mau kui e hopu i nā paia o waho o kāna mea hoʻokipa a laila komo i kēlā mau pūnaewele. Ua nānā pono lākou i nā kaʻina moʻokūʻauhau kuleana no ʻelua mau ʻano nui o kēia mau protein kiʻekiʻe: ka mea hopu, i kapa ʻia ka inoa hoʻopaʻa paʻa, kahi e hoʻopili ai i nā pūnaewele. a me ka pūnaewele cleavage i kapa ʻia e ʻae i ka maʻi e wehe a komo i kēlā mau pūnaewele.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia anamanaʻo ua hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻāpana "lou" o ka piko e māka i kahi mea loaʻa ma waho o nā hunaola kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo ACE2, kahi e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke koko. He maikaʻi loa ia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hunaola kanaka i ʻōlelo nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo nā spike proteins ka hopena o ke koho kūlohelohe ʻana a ʻaʻole ka hana ʻenekini.

Eia ke kumu: pili loa ʻo SARS-CoV-2 i ka maʻi ʻino e hiki ai i ka maʻi hanu nui loa (SARS), i ʻokaʻī ʻia a puni ka honua ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki i hala. Ua aʻo nā ʻepekema i ka ʻokoʻa o ka SARS-CoV mai ka SARS-CoV-2 - me nā hoʻololi he nui i nā leka nui i ka code gen. Eia nō naʻe i nā hoʻohālikelike kamepiula, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kōkua maikaʻi ʻana o nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka SARS-CoV-2 i ke kōkua ʻana i ka maʻi virus e hoʻopaʻa i nā huna kanaka. Inā ua hana ʻenekema ʻino nā kānaka ʻepekema i kēia maʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e koho i nā mutation a nā hiʻohiʻona kamepiula e hōʻike nei ʻaʻole holo. Akā ʻike ʻia ua ʻoi aku ke akamai o ke kūlohelohe ma mua o nā ʻepekema, a ua loaʻa i ka puke coronavirus kahi ala e hoʻololi i ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - a ʻokoʻa loa - mai nā mea ʻepekema i hiki ke hana, ua loaʻa ka noiʻi

ʻO kekahi kui i ka manaʻo "pakele mai ka hale hana ʻino"? ʻOkoʻa ka ʻōmole molekole holoʻokoʻa o kēia virus mai nā coronaviruses i ʻike ʻia a ʻano like me nā virus i loaʻa i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā pangolines i aʻo iki ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia e hōʻeha ʻia ai ke kanaka.

"Inā e hoʻāʻo ana kekahi e hoʻolālā i kahi coronavirus hou ma ke ʻano he pathogen, ua kūkulu lākou ia mea mai ka iwi ʻaoʻao o kahi maʻi i ʻike ʻia no ka maʻi," e like me ka ʻōlelo a Scripps.

No hea mai ka maʻi? Ua hoʻolālā ka pūʻulu noiʻi i nā hanana kūpono ʻelua no ke kumu o SARS-CoV-2 i loko o ke kanaka. ʻO kekahi hanana e pili ana i nā moʻolelo kumu o kekahi mau coronavirus hou loa i hōʻino i nā heluna kanaka. I kēlā hanana, ua kūleʻa pololei mākou i ka maʻi mai kahi holoholona - civets i ka hihia o SARS a me nā kāmelo ma ka hihia o Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). I ka hihia o SARS-CoV-2, manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi he batiki ka holoholona, ​​i hāʻawi ʻia ka maʻi i kekahi holoholona waena (e like paha me pangolin, i ʻōlelo ʻia e kekahi ʻepekema) nāna i lawe ka maʻi i nā kānaka.

I kēlā hanana kūpono, nā ʻano genetic e hana i ka coronavirus hou i mea e maʻi ai nā huna kanaka (kona mana pathogenic) ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i nā kānaka.

I nā hanana ʻē aʻe, e ulu wale kēia mau ʻano pathogenic ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka maʻi mai ka mea hoʻokipa holoholona i nā kānaka. ʻO kekahi mau coronavirus e hua mai ana i nā pangolines he "hook hook" (kēlā kāʻei paʻa o ka receptor) e like me kā SARS-CoV-2. I kēia ala, ua lawe pololei kahi pangolin i kāna virus i kahi hoʻokipa kanaka. No laila, i loko o kahi hoʻokipa kanaka, hiki i ka maʻi ke hele i kahi hiʻohiʻona e ʻike ʻole ʻia: ka pūnaewele cleavage e ʻae iā ia e haki maʻalahi i nā pūnaewele kanaka. I ka manawa i hoʻomohala ʻia ai kēia hiki, ua ʻōlelo nā kānaka noiʻi he hiki i ka coronavirus ke hoʻolaha i waena o nā kānaka.

Hiki i kēia mau ʻikepili āpau ke kōkua i ka poʻe ʻepekema e wānana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kēia maʻi ahulau. Inā komo ka maʻi i nā huna kanaka i loko o kahi ʻano pathogenic, hoʻonui kēia i ka likelike o nā maʻi e hiki mai ana. Hiki i ka virus ke hoʻopuni i ka heluna holoholona a hiki ke lele i hope i nā kānaka, mākaukau e hoʻomaka i kahi ahulau. Akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā laha e hiki mai ana inā e komo mua ka maʻi i ka heluna kanaka a laila hoʻololi i nā waiwai pathogenic, i ʻōlelo ʻia e nā kānaka noiʻi.