I Indonesia kahi i ʻike no kahi pena 44.000 makahiki
Ua loaʻa ke kiʻi ma kahi pā o ka ana he 44.000 o ʻAmelika.
Hōʻike ka mea noʻeau i kahi buffalo e ʻimi ʻia e nā mea ola he hapa kanaka, hapa holoholona e paʻa ana i nā ihe a me nā kaula paha.
Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi i ka moʻolelo ʻo ia ka moʻolelo kahiko loa o ka honua.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea i loaʻa i ka puke pai ʻo Nature e nā archaeologists mai ke Kulanui ʻo Griffith ma Brisbane, Australia.
ʻO Adam Brumm - he archaeologist mai Griffith - ua ʻike mua i nā kiʻi i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻana o kahi hoa hana ma Indonesia i kahi fiku a hiki i ke ala o ke ana.
"Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau kiʻi ma kaʻu iPhone," wahi a Brumm. "Manaʻo wau ua ʻōlelo wau i ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo he ʻehā mau huaʻōlelo Ausetalia.
ʻAʻole ka hoʻolālā Indonesian ka mea kahiko o ka honua. I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻōlelo nā ʻepekema ua loaʻa iā lākou ke "kiʻi kahiko loa a kānaka" ma kahi ʻāpana o ka pōhaku ma ʻApelika Hema, mai ka makahiki 73.000.
He aha nā hōʻike hana?
Ua loaʻa nā kiʻi ma ke ana i kapa ʻia ʻo Leang Bulu'Sipong 4 hema o Sulawesi, kahi mokupuni ʻo Indonesia ma ka hikina o Borneo.
Aneane elima mau paneka ākea a hōʻike ʻia ke hōʻike ʻana i kahi ʻano puaʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo anoa, me nā puaʻa hihiu kekahi i loaʻa ma Sulawesi.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao o lākou he mau kiʻi liʻiliʻi e nānā ke kanaka - akā he mau hiʻohiʻona holoholona kā lākou e like me nā huelo a me nā ihu.
Ma kahi ʻāpana, ua pili ʻia kahi anoa e kekahi mau kiʻi e paʻa ana i nā ihe.
"ʻAʻole au i ʻike i kekahi mea e like me ia ma mua," i ʻōlelo ʻo Brumm. "Ke manaʻo nei au, ua ʻike mākou i mau haneli mau pūnaewele pōhaku ma kēia ʻāina - akā ʻaʻole naʻe mākou i ʻike i kekahi mea e like me ka wahi hahai holoholona."
Eia nō naʻe, ua nīnau nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe inā ʻo ka papa inoa i hōʻike i ka moʻolelo hoʻokahi a ʻōlelo ʻo ia paha he ʻano kiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma kahi manawa lōʻihi.
"Inā he moot hanana ia," wahi a Paul Pettitt, he loea a me ka loea loea ma Durham University, i haʻi aku iā Nature.
Pehea mākou e ʻike ai he 44.000 makahiki?
Ua kālailai ka hui i ka "popcorn" kalki i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ke kiʻi.
ʻO ka uranium radioactive i ka ore e pala lohi i loko o ka thorium, no laila ua ana ka hui i nā pae o kekahi mau isotopes o kēia mau mea.
ʻIke lākou ua hoʻomaka ʻo ka calcium ma ka puaʻa hoʻokahi i ka liʻiliʻi o 43.900 mau makahiki ma mua, a ʻo nā waihona ma ke ʻano poʻokela ʻelua ma lalo o 40.900 mau makahiki.
Aia ma kahi o 242 ana a mau hale noho paha me nā kiʻi kahiko ma Sulawesi wale nō - a ʻike ʻia nā pūnaewele hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai me nā hana prehistoric ʻē aʻe?
ʻAʻole paha ia ʻo ka hoʻolālā kahiko loa, akā ʻōlelo nā mea noiʻi, ʻo ia ka moʻolelo kahiko loa i ʻike ʻia.
"Ma mua, ua ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi pōhaku i nā pūnaewele ʻEulopa e pili ana ma kahi o 14.000 a 21.000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hana haʻi moʻolelo kahiko loa o ka honua," i ʻōlelo ai ka pepa ma Nature.
ʻO Sulawesi paha nā hoʻolālā kahiko o ka holoholona i loaʻa mua.
I ka makahiki i hala, ua pena ʻia kahi ana ma Borneo - i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mua o nā holoholona - ma ka liʻiliʻi he 40.000 mau makahiki.