ʻO ka halepule o ka Sepulcher Hemolele: ka kūkulu ʻana a me ka mōʻaukala o kahi kahua hoʻāno ma ka Karistiano
ʻO ka hale pule o ka Sepulcher Hemolele, i kūkulu mua ʻia i ka XNUMX kenekulia AD, kahi o nā wahi hemolele loa i ka hoʻomana Kalikiano, mahalo ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke keʻa, ke kanu ʻana a me ke ala hou ʻana o ko lākou mea hoʻokumu ʻo Iesū Kristo. Aia i loko o ke kapikala Israeli / Palestinian kontroversial o Ierusalema, ua kaʻanalike ʻia ka hale pule e ʻeono mau ʻaoʻao Kalikiano ʻē aʻe: Greek Orthodox, Latin (Roman Catholic), Armenian, Coptic, Syriac Jacobite a me ʻAitiopia.
ʻO kēia lōkahi like a hoʻomaha ʻole kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā loli a me nā schism i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻomana Kalikiano i loko o 700 mau makahiki mai kona kūkulu mua ʻia ʻana.
Ke ʻike nei i ka hale kupapaʻu o Kristo
Wahi a ka poʻe mōʻaukala, ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ka Emepera Byzantine Constantine the Great i Kristiano i ka mua o ke kenekulia 250, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ʻimi a kūkulu i nā hale pule ma kahi o ko Iesū hānau ʻana, ke keʻa a me ke ala hou ʻana. ʻO ko Constantine makuahine, Empress Helen (330-326 AD), huakaʻi i ka ʻĀina Hemolele i ka makahiki 260 AD a kamaʻilio pū me nā Karistiano e noho ana, e like me Eusebius (circa 340-XNUMX), he mea kākau moʻolelo Karistiano mua.
Ua maopopo loa i ka poʻe Karistiano ʻo Ierusalema i kēlā manawa aia ka hale kupapaʻu o Kristo ma kahi pūnaewele i waho o nā paia o ke kūlanakauhale akā aia i loko o nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale hou. Ua manaʻo lākou aia ia ma lalo o kahi luakini i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā Venus - a i ʻole Jupiter, Minerva a i ʻole Isis, ua loli nā hōʻike - i kūkulu ʻia e ka Emepera Roma ʻo Hadrian i ka makahiki 135 AD.
Ke kūkulu nei i ka hale pule o Constantine
Ua hoʻouna aku ʻo Constantine i nā limahana i Ierusalema nāna i alakaʻi ʻia e kāna mea kālai ʻo Zenobius, ua wāwahi i ka luakini a loaʻa ma lalo ona he mau hale kupapaʻu i ʻoki ʻia i ka pali. Koho nā kāne a Constantine i ka mea a lākou i manaʻo ai he kūpono a ʻokiʻoki i ka puʻu a waiho ʻia ka hale kupapaʻu i kahi poloka o ka pōhaku. Ua hoʻonani lākou i ka palaka me nā kolamu, ka hale a me ka lanai.
Ma kahi kokoke i ka hale kupapaʻu kahi puʻu pōhaku kuʻi ʻia a lākou i ʻike ai ʻo Kalevari a ʻo Golgota hoʻi, ma kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ua kaulia ʻo Iesū ma ke keʻa. Ua ʻoki nā limahana i ka pōhaku a hoʻopaʻa ʻia hoʻi iā ia, e kūkulu ana i kahi pā kokoke e hiki ai ka pōhaku i ke kihi hema.
Ka hale pule o ke ala hou ʻana
I ka hopena, kūkulu nā limahana i kahi hale pule ʻano basilica nui, i kapa ʻia ʻo Martyrium, e huli ana i ke komohana i ka pā ākea. He helehelena kinikini kona waihoʻoluʻu, kahi papa mosaic, kahi kaupaku i uhi ʻia i ke gula, a me nā paia o loko o ka marble multicolored. He ʻumikūmālua mau kolamu marble i uhi ʻia me ka ipu kālā a i ʻole nā aniani, kahi e mālama ʻia ai kekahi o ia mau mea. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua kapa ʻia nā hale ka hale pule o ke ola hou ʻana.
Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka pūnaewele i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa o ka makahiki 335, kahi hanana i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he "Holy Cross Day" i loko o kekahi mau haʻiʻōlelo Kalikiano. Ua noho ka hale pule o ke ala hou a me Ierusalema ma lalo o ka palekana o ka hale pule Byzantine no nā kenekulia ʻekolu e hiki mai ana.
ʻO Zoroastrian a me nā Noho Islam
I ka 614, ua hoʻouka kaua ka poʻe Zoroastrian Persian ma lalo o Chosroes II i Palesetina a i kēia manawa, ua luku ʻia ka hapa nui o ko Constantine hale pule basilica a me kona hale kupapaʻu. I ka makahiki 626, ua hoʻihoʻi ka makua kāne o Ierusalema Modesto i ka basilica. I ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lanakila ka Emepela Byzantine Heraclius a pepehi iā Chosroes.
I ka makahiki 638, ua hiolo ʻo Ierusalema i ka kalepela Islam ʻo Omar (a i ʻole Umar, 591-644 AD). Ma hope o ka dictates o ke Koran, ua kākau ʻo Omar i ka berita kuʻikahi o ʻUmar, kahi kuʻikahi me ka patriarch Christian Sopronios. ʻO nā koena i koe o nā kaiāulu Iudaio a me Kalikiano i loaʻa ke kūlana o ahl al dhimma (nā mea i pale ʻia) a, ʻo ka hopena, hoʻohiki ʻo Omar e mālama i ka laʻa o nā wahi haipule Karistiano a me nā Iudaio a pau i loko o Ierusalema. Ma mua o ka hele ʻana i loko, ua pule ʻo Omar ma waho o ka Halepule o ke Alahou, e ʻōlelo ana e pule ana i loko e lilo ia i wahi hemolele Muslim. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka Hale Mosque ʻo Omar ma 935 e hoʻomanaʻo ai i kēlā wahi.
ʻO ka caliph huhū, al-Hakim bin-Amr Allah
Ma waena o 1009 a 1021, ka khalifā Fatimid al-Hakim bin-Amr Allah, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he "khalifa mad" ma nā palapala Komohana, ua luku ʻia ka hapa nui o ka hale pule o ke ala hou ʻana, me ka wāwahi ʻana o ka hale kupapaʻu o Kristo, a pāpā ʻia ka hoʻomana Karistiano. ma ka pūnaewele. ʻO kahi ōlaʻi ma 1033 ka mea i hōʻino hou.
Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Hakim, ua ʻae ke keiki a Caliph al-Hakim Ali az-Zhahir i ka hana hou ʻana o ka Sepulcher a me Golgota. Ua hoʻomaka nā papahana hoʻihoʻi i 1042 ma lalo o ka mōʻī Byzantine Constantine IX Monomachos (1000-1055). a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hale kupapaʻu ma 1048 e kahi replica modest o kona mua. Ua hala ka hale kupapaʻu pōhaku, akā kūkulu ʻia kahi kūkulu ma ka pūnaewele; ua kūkulu ʻia ka aedicule o kēia manawa i 1810.
Hana hou ʻana o Crusader
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā Crusades e nā Knights Templar i hōʻeha nui ʻia e, me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo Hakim the Fool, a lawe iā Ierusalema i 1099. Ua kāohi nā Kristiano iā Ierusalema mai 1099-1187. Ma waena o 1099 a me 1149, uhi ka Crusaders i ka pā me ka hale, hemo i mua o ka rotunda, kūkulu hou a hana hou i ka hale pule i kū pono i ka hikina a neʻe i ka puka i ka ʻaoʻao hema o kēia manawa, ʻo ka Parvis, ʻo ia ka mea i komo ai nā malihini kipa i kēia lā.
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā hana pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka makahiki a me nā ōlaʻi i hana ʻia e nā mea kuleana ʻē aʻe i nā hale kupapaʻu ma hope aku, ʻo ka hana nui a nā Crusaders o ka makahiki XNUMX i hana i ka hapa nui o ka hale pule o ka Holy Sepulcher i kēia lā.
Nā hale pule a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Nui nā hale pule a ua kapa ʻia nā niches ma o ka CHS, he nui nā inoa ʻokoʻa i nā ʻōlelo like ʻole. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona he mau heiau i kūkulu ʻia e hoʻomanaʻo ai i nā hanana i hana ʻia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma Ierusalema, akā ua neʻe ʻia nā wahi hoʻāno i ka Church of the Holy Sepulcher, no ka mea paʻakikī ka hoʻomana Karistiano ma ke kūlanakauhale. Hoʻopili kēia akā ʻaʻole kau palena ʻia i:
ʻO ka Aedicule - ka hale ma luna o ka hale kupapaʻu o Kristo, kēia mana i kūkulu ʻia ma 1810
Tomb o Iosepa o Arimathea - ma lalo o ka mana o ka Syro-Jacobite
Anastasia Rotunda: hoʻomanaʻo i ke ala hou ʻana
ʻO ka hale pule o ka helehelena i ka wahine puʻupaʻa - ma lalo o ka mana o nā Katolika Roma
Nā Pila o ka Puʻupaʻa: Greek Orthodox
Ka halepule o ka loaʻa o ke keʻa maoli: Roman Katolika
Chael o St. Varian —Etiopians
ʻO Parvis, ka puka komo colonnaded, kahi jure i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā Helene, nā Kakolika a me ka Armenians
Pōhaku o ka poni - kahi i poni ʻia ai ke kino o Iesū ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai ke keʻa
ʻO ka hale pule o nā Maria ʻEkolu - e hoʻomanaʻo ana ma kahi o Maria (makuahine o Iesū), Mary Magdalene a me Mary o Clopa i nānā aku ai i ke keʻa
ʻO ka hale pule o San Longino: ka luna haneri Roma nāna i hou aku iā Kristo a huli i ka hoʻomana Kalikiano
Helen's Chapel - hoʻomanaʻo no Empress Helen