ʻO ke ola o Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama

ʻO ke ola o Siddhartha Gautama, ke kanaka a mākou e kapa aku ai ʻo Buddha, ua uhi ʻia i ka moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapanui o nā mōʻaukala e manaʻoʻiʻo nei ua ola kēlā kanaka, ʻike iki kā mākou ʻike e pili ana i ke kanaka moʻolelo maoli. ʻO ka moʻolelo moʻomeheu "maʻamau", i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kēia ʻatikala, me he mea lā ua ulu aʻe i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. Ua hoʻopau nui ʻia e ka "Buddhacarita", kahi mele epic i kākau ʻia e Aśvaghoṣa i ka kenekulia XNUMX.

ʻO ka hānau a me ka ʻohana o Siddhartha Gautama
ʻO ka Buddha e hiki mai ana, ʻo Siddhartha Gautama, i hānau ʻia ma ka XNUMXth a i ʻole XNUMX kenekulia BC ma Lumbini (i kēia lā Nepal). ʻO Siddhartha kahi inoa Sanskrit e manaʻo nei "kahi mea i hoʻokō i kahi pahuhopu" a ʻo Gautama kahi inoa ʻohana.

ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo King Suddhodana, ke alakaʻi o kahi ʻohana nui i kapa ʻia ʻo Shakya (a i ʻole Sakya). ʻAʻole maopopo i ka moʻolelo mai nā moʻokūʻauhau he aliʻi hoʻoilina kāna a i ʻole he aliʻi ʻohana paha. He mea hiki nō ke koho ʻia i kēia kūlana.

Ua mare ʻo Suddhodana i nā kaikuahine ʻelua, ʻo Maya lāua ʻo Pajapati Gotami. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia lākou he mau kaikamahine aliʻi o kekahi ʻohana ʻē aʻe, ʻo Koliya, mai ka ʻākau o India i kēia lā. ʻO Maya ka makuahine o Siddhartha aʻo kāna kaikamahine wale nō ia. Ua make ʻo ia ma hope koke iho o kona hānau ʻana. ʻO Pajapati, ka mea i lilo i nun nunui Buddhist mua, hānai iā Siddhartha i kāna ponoʻī.

Ma nā moʻolelo āpau, ʻo Prince Siddhartha a me kona ʻohana no ka puali o nā koa a me ka hanohano Kshatriya. Ma waena o ko Siddhartha ʻohana i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo kona hoahānau ʻo Ananda, ke keiki a ke kaikaina o kona makuakāne. Ma hope ua lilo ʻo Ananda i haumāna a Buddha a me mea kōkua pilikino. He ʻōpio ʻo ia ma mua o Siddhartha, a ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike kekahi i kekahi ma ke ʻano kamaliʻi.

Wanana a me ka male ʻōpio
I ko Prince Siddhartha mau lā i hala, ua ʻōlelo ʻia, ua wānana kahi haipule e pili ana i ke keiki aliʻi. Wahi a kekahi mau moʻolelo, ʻeiwa mau haipule Brahman i hāʻawi i ka wānana. Ua wānana ʻia e lilo ke keikikāne i aliʻi nui a i kumu aʻo ʻuhane nui paha. Ua makemake ʻo King Suddhodana i ka hopena mua a hoʻomākaukau i kāna keiki e like me ia.

Ua hānai ʻo ia i ke keikikāne me ka waiwai nui a pale iā ia mai ka ʻike hoʻomana a me ka ʻeha kanaka. I ka makahiki 16, ua male ʻo ia i kona hoahānau, ʻo Yasodhara, ʻo 16 hoʻi ia. He kanalua ʻole kēia i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā ʻohana, e like me ka maʻamau i kēlā manawa.

ʻO Yasodhara ke kaikamahine a kekahi aliʻi Koliya a ʻo kona makuahine he kaikuahine ʻo King Suddhodana. He kaikuahine nō hoʻi ʻo ia ʻo Devadatta, ka mea i lilo i haumana na Buddha a laila, ma kekahi ʻano, he hoa hakakā weliweli.

Nā wahi ʻehā o ke ala hele
Ua hōʻea ke kamāliʻikāne i ka makahiki 29 me ka ʻike iki o ka honua ma waho o nā paia o kāna mau aliʻi opulent. Ua ʻike ʻole ʻo ia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka maʻi, ʻelemakule a me ka make.

I kekahi lā, ua uluhua me ka hoihoi, ua noi ʻo Prince Siddhartha i kahi kaʻa kaʻa e hele pū me ia ma ke ʻano o nā hele wāwae ma waena o nā kuaʻāina. Ma kēia mau huakaʻi ua pīhoihoi ʻo ia i ka ʻike ʻana o kahi ʻelemakule, a laila he kāne maʻi, a laila he kupapaʻu. ʻO nā mea ʻoʻoleʻa o ka ʻelemakule, ka maʻi a me ka make i hopu a hōʻeha i ke keiki aliʻi.

ʻO ka hope ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi ascetic holoholo. Ua wehewehe ka mea kalaiwa ʻo ka ascetic kahi mea i haʻalele i ka honua a hoʻāʻo e hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho mai ka makaʻu i ka make a me ka ʻeha.

E lilo kēia mau hālāwai hoʻololi i ke ola i ka Buddhism ma ke ʻano he ʻehā mau wahi o ke ala.

Hāʻawi ʻo Siddhartha
No kekahi manawa ua hoʻi ke keiki aliʻi i ke ola hale aliʻi, akā ʻaʻole ia i ʻoliʻoli i ia mea. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i makemake i ka nūhou e pili ana i kāna wahine ʻo Yasodhara i hānau keiki kāne. ʻO Rahula ka inoa o ke keiki, ʻo ia hoʻi "i ke kaulahao".

I hoʻokahi pō ua hele auwana wale ua keiki aliʻi nei ma ka hale aliʻi. ʻO nā mea leʻaleʻa āna i leʻaleʻa ai i mua he mea weliweli ia. Ua hiamoe nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā kaikamahine hulahula a moe i lalo, ka ʻū a me ka kuha. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Prince Siddhartha i ka ʻelemakule, ka maʻi a me ka make e loaʻa iā lākou āpau a hoʻolilo i ko lākou kino i lepo.

Ua ʻike ʻo ia i kēlā manawa ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻoluʻolu hou i ke ola ʻana o kahi keiki aliʻi. I kēlā pō hoʻokahi ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ka hale aliʻi, ua kahi i kona poʻo a ua hoʻololi aʻe i kona kapa aliʻi a lilo i ʻaʻahu o ka mea nonoi. Ke hāʻawi nei i nā mea maikaʻi a pau āna i ʻike ai, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna ʻimi no ka mālamalama.

Hoʻomaka ka ʻimi
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Siddhartha ma ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumu kaulana. Ua aʻo lākou iā ia i nā akeakamai hoʻomana he nui o kona mau lā a pehea e noʻonoʻo ai. Ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea āpau a lākou e aʻo ai, ua hoʻomau ʻia kāna mau kānalua a me nā nīnau. Ua hele ʻo ia a me ʻelima mau haumāna e loaʻa ka mālamana na lākou iho.

Ua hoʻāʻo nā hoa ʻeono e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou iho mai ka ʻeha ma o ke aʻo kino: hoʻomanawanui i ka ʻeha, paʻa i ko lākou hanu a wikiwiki i ka pōloli. ʻAʻole naʻe i māʻona ʻo Siddhartha.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia, i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka leʻaleʻa, ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka leʻaleʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻeha a me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana iā ia iho. I kēia manawa ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Siddhartha i waena waena o kēlā mau mea ʻelua.

Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i kahi ʻike mai kona wā kamaliʻi i ka manawa a kona noʻonoʻo i noho ai i kahi kūlana o ka maluhia nui. Ua ʻike ʻo ia ke ala i ke kūʻokoʻa ma o ke aʻo ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo, a ua ʻike ʻo ia, ma kahi o ka wī, pono ʻo ia i ka meaʻai e kūkulu i kona ikaika no ka hoʻāʻo. I kona ʻae ʻana i kahi pola waiū laiki mai kahi kaikamahine, manaʻo kāna mau hoa ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi a haʻalele iā ia.

ʻO ka mālamalama o ka Buddha
Noho ʻo Siddhartha ma lalo o kahi lāʻau fiku kapu (Ficus medica), ka mea i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo Bodhi Tree (ʻo ke ʻano ʻo Bodhi "ala"). Ma laila ʻo ia i noho ai i ka noʻonoʻo.

ʻO ka hakakā ma ka manaʻo o Siddhartha i lilo i mitological ma ke ʻano he kaua nui me Mara. ʻO ka inoa o ka daimonio he "luku" a hōʻike i nā kuko e hoʻopunipuni a hoʻopunipuni iā ​​mākou. Ua lawe mai ʻo Mara i nā pūʻali koa nunui e hoʻouka iā Siddhartha, ka mea i noho mau ʻole a paʻa ʻole. Ua hoʻāʻo ke kaikamahine nani a Mara e hoʻowalewale iā Siddhartha, akā ua holo pono ʻole kēia hana.

ʻO ka hope loa, ua koi ʻo Mara e pili iā ia ka noho o ka mālamalama. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hana uhane a Mara ma mua o Siddhartha, i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka daimonio. ʻUā like pū nā koa nunui o Mara: "ʻO wau kāna mea hōʻike!" Ua ʻaʻa ʻo Mara iā Siddhartha, "ʻO wai e kamaʻilio nou?"

A laila kikoo ʻo Siddhartha i kona lima ʻākau e hoʻopā i ka honua, a halulu ka honua: "Ke hōʻike aku nei au iā ʻoe." Ua nalowale ʻo Mara. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka hōkū o ke kakahiaka i ka lani, ua ʻike ʻo Siddhartha Gautama i ka mālamalama a lilo i buddha, i kapa ʻia "he kanaka i loaʻa ka mālamalama piha".

ʻO Buddha ma ke ʻano he kumu
I ka mua, ua hōʻole ka Buddha e aʻo aku no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā mea āna i hana ai i nā huaʻōlelo. Ma o ke aʻo ʻana a me ka mōakāka noʻonoʻo wale nō e pau ai nā kuhihewa a hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻoi aku ka Nui ʻoi aku. ʻO nā mea hoʻolohe me ka ʻole o kēlā ʻike pololei e paʻa i nā manaʻo a kuhi hewa ʻole i nā mea āpau āna i ʻōlelo ai. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻohuli ke aloha iā ia e hoʻāʻo e hōʻike i kāna mea i hana ai.

Ma hope o kāna mālamalama, ua hele ʻo ia i Isipatana Deer Park, aia ma ka moku ʻo Uttar Pradesh i kēia manawa, India. Ma laila ʻo ia i ʻike ai i nā hoa aloha ʻelima i haʻalele iā ia a haʻi i kāna haʻi ʻōlelo mua iā lākou.

Mālama ʻia kēia haʻiʻōlelo ma ke ʻano ʻo Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta a kālele nui ʻia i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo Noble ʻEhā. Ma kahi o ke aʻo ʻana i nā aʻo e pili ana i ka mālamalama, ua koho ʻo Buddha e kuhikuhi i kahi ala o ka hana e hiki ai i ka poʻe ke ʻike i ka mālamana no lākou iho.

Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Buddha iā ia iho i ke aʻo ʻana a ua huki i nā haneli he haneli. ʻO ka hope loa, ua launa ʻo ia me kona makuakāne, ʻo King Suddhodana. ʻO kāna wahine, ʻo ka Yasodhara kūpaʻa, lilo i nun a haumāna. Ua lilo ʻo Rahula, kāna keiki kāne, i mōneka novice i kona makahiki he ʻehiku a lilo i ke koena o kona ola me kona makuakāne.

ʻO nā ʻōlelo hope loa a Buddha
Ua hele luhi ʻole ka Buddha ma nā wahi āpau o ka ʻĀkau ʻĀkau a me Nepal. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i kahi hui like ʻole o ka poʻe ukali, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo āna e hāʻawi ai.

I ka makahiki 80, ua komo ka Buddha i Parinirvana, a haʻalele i kona kino kino. I kona hala ʻana, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ka pōʻaiapuni pau ʻole o ka make a me ka hānau hou ʻana.

Ma mua o kona hanu hope loa, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i kāna mau ʻōlelo hope loa i kāna poʻe ukali:

“Eia, e nā mōneka, ʻo kaʻu ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hope loa kēia na ʻoukou. Hiki ke loli nā mea hoʻohui āpau i ka honua. ʻAʻole lōʻihi lākou. E hana nui e loaʻa kou ola. "
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kino o Buddha. Ua waiho ʻia kona mau koena i loko o nā stupa - ʻae ʻia i nā hale maʻamau i Buddhism - i nā wahi he nui, e like me Kina, Myanmar a me Sri Lanka.

Hoʻokumu ka Buddha i miliona
Ma hope o 2.500 mau makahiki, ua mau ke ʻano o ke aʻo ʻana a Buda i nā poʻe he nui a puni ka honua. Hoʻomau ka Buddhism e ʻumeʻume i nā mea hou a ʻo ia kekahi o nā hoʻomana e ulu wikiwiki nei, ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe e nānā aku ʻaʻole ia he hoʻomana akā ma ke ʻano he ʻuhane a he akeakamai. Ua koho ʻia 350 a 550 miliona mau kānaka e hana nei i ka Buddhism i kēia lā.