Ka Hoʻoilina honua: kahi ʻike e pili ana i nā palapala hemolele Buddha

Aia kekahi Baibala Buddha? ʻAʻole pololei. He nui o mau palapala i ka Buddhist, akā he liʻiliʻi nā huaʻōlelo i ʻae ʻia me ka hōʻoia maoli a ʻike ʻia e kekahi kula o Buddhism.

Aia kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe i ka Baibala Buddha. Manaʻo e nā hoʻomana he nui i kā lākou palapala hemolele e like me ka ʻōlelo a ke Akua a i nā akua. Ma Buddha, eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia nā palapala aʻo i nā aʻo aʻo a Buddha - ʻaʻole ia he akua - a me nā haku ʻē aʻe i hoʻomālamalama ʻia.

ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻo a nā palapala hemolele Buddha kahi hōʻailona no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a pehea e hoʻokō ai i ke kukui ʻana no lākou iho. ʻO ka mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo a hoʻokomo i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka mea a nā puke e aʻo ai, ʻaʻole wale "hilinaʻi".

Nā ʻano palapala hemolele Buddhist
Nui nā palapala i kapa ʻia "sutra" ma Sanskrit a i ʻole "sutta" a pali. ʻO ka hua'ōlelo sutra a i ʻole sutta ʻo ia ka "thread". ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "sutra" i ke poʻo o kahi paʻi e hōʻike ana i ka hana he ʻōlelo mai ka Buddha a i ʻole kekahi o kāna mau haumāna nui. Eia naʻe, e like me kā mākou wehewehe ʻana ma hope, he nui nā sutras i loaʻa nā kumu ʻē aʻe.

Loaʻa ka sutras i nā nui. He lōʻihi kekahi, aia wale nō nā lālani. ʻAʻohe makemake e manaʻo e ʻike i ka nui o nā sutras ma laila inā ʻoe i wā nui i kēlā me kēia kanaka o kēlā me kēia canon a hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o kahi pālapa. He nui.

ʻAʻole ka maʻa nā palapala a pau. Ma kahi o nā sutras, loaʻa pū kekahi mau ʻōlelo lula, nā lula no nā mōʻī a me nā nuns, mau moʻolelo e pili ana i ke ola o Buddha a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui nō hoʻi i manaʻo ʻia nā "palapala".

Canons o Theravada a me Mahayana
Ma kahi o ʻelua mau millennia i hala aku nei, ua mahele ʻo Buddhism i ʻelua kula nui, i kapa ʻia ʻo Theravada lāua ʻo Mahayana i kēia lā. Ua hui pū ʻia nā palapala Buddhist i hoʻokahi a i ʻole, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma nā canons Theravada a me Mahayana.

ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo nā teravadines i nā palapala hemolele Mahayana. ʻO ka Mahayana Buddhists, ma ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa, e noʻonoʻo pono i ka canon Theravada kūʻiʻo, akā ma kekahi mau mea, manaʻo ka poʻe Mahayana Buddhists ua hoʻololi kekahi o kā lākou mau palapala i ka mana o ka canon Theravada. A i ʻole, ke hoʻololi nei lākou i nā loli ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka hopena Theravada.

Baibala Buddhist Theravada
ʻO nā mea kākau o ke kula Theravada e ʻākoakoa ʻia ma kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo Pali Tipitaka a i ʻole Pali Canon. ʻO ka hua'ōlelo pali Tipitaka ke ʻano o "ʻekolu mau hīnaʻi", e hōʻike ana ma ka ʻāpana ʻo Tipitaka i ʻekolu ʻāpana, a ʻo ia ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana hana. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻekolu he kīʻaha sutra (Sutta-pitaka), ke kipi aʻo (Vinaya-pitaka) a me ka hīnaʻi aʻo kūikawā (Abhidhamma-pitaka).

ʻO Sutta-pitaka lāua ʻo Vinaya-pitaka nā puke koʻikoʻi o ka mōʻaukala mōʻaukala a me nā lula āna i kūkulu ai no nā kauoha monastic. ʻO Abhidhamma-pitaka kahi hana no ke kālailai ʻana a me ke kālai ʻia i hāpai ʻia ma ke Buddha akā kākau ʻia paha ia he mau haneli mau makahiki ma hope o kāna Parinirvana.

Aia ka Theravadin Pali Tipitika i ka ʻōlelo Pali. Aia nō kekahi mau puke o kēia mau puke i kākau ʻia ma Sanskrit, ʻoiai ka hapa nui o mākou i ia mau mea he unuhi Kina o nā kumu Sanskrit i nalowale. ʻO kēia mau huaʻōlelo Sanskrit / China he ʻāpana o nā kai Kanaka a me Tibetan o ka Mahayana Buddha.

ʻO nā palapala hemolele Mahayana Buddhist
ʻAe, no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hilahila, aia ʻelua mau kēkona no nā palapala Mahayana, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka canona Tibetan a me nā kano Kina. Nui nā hana i ʻike ʻia i nā canons a me nā mea he nui ʻole. ʻO Tibetan Canon ka mea pili i ka Buddhist Tibetan. ʻO ka Canon Kino ka mea hanohano ma Asia Hikina - China, Korea, Iapana, Vietnam.

Aia kahi kahi Sanskrit / Chinese kahi o ka Sutta-pitaka i kapa ʻia ʻo Agamas. Loaʻa kēia ma ka Canon Kina. Nui nō hoʻi nā ʻanuʻu Mahayana i ʻole i hui ʻole ma Theravada. Aia nā moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo e hoʻopili ana i kēia mau Mahayana sutras me Buddha ka mōʻī, akā haʻi ka mea haʻi moʻolelo ua kākau nui nā hana ma waena o ka makahiki 1 o SM a me ka XNUMXth kenekulia BC, a ʻo kekahi mau hope aʻe. No ka ʻōpū nui, ʻaʻole i maopopo ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo a me nā mea kākau o kēia mau kikokikona.

ʻO nā kumu kuhi hewa o kēia mau hana i hāpai i nā nīnau e pili ana i kā lākou mana. E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai, hōʻole ʻole ʻo Theravada Buddhists i nā palapala kākau Mahayana. Ma waena o nā kula ʻo Mahayana Buddhist, hoʻomau kekahi e hui pū i nā sutras Mahayana me ka moʻaukala mōʻaukala. Ua hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻē aʻe ua kākau ʻia kēia mau palapala e nā mea kākau ʻike. Akā no ka mea i ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka naʻauao a me ka waiwai nui o kēia mau puke i nā hanauna he nui, akā ua mālama ʻia a mahalo ʻia lākou i ke ʻano he sutra.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Mahayana sutras i kākau mua ʻia ma Sanskrit, akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine o nā loli kahiko ʻo ia ka unuhi ʻana o Kina a ua nalowale hoʻi ka Sanskrit kumu. Ua hoʻokūkū kekahi mau loea e pili ana i ka unuhi mua o Kina ka hana kumu, a ua ʻōlelo kā lākou poʻe kākau i kā lākou unuhi ʻana mai Sanskrit e hāʻawi iā lākou i mana nui.

ʻAʻole hoʻopau kēia papa inoa o ka mana nui ʻo Mahayana sutras akā hāʻawi i nā wehewehe pōkole o ka pono nui o Mahayana sutras.

Mahawi ʻĀmaʻi Mahayana Buddhists ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o Abhidhamma / Abhidharma i kapa ʻia ʻo Sarvastivada Abhidharma. Ma mua o ka Pali Vinaya, ʻimi pinepine ʻo Tibetan Buddhism i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo Mulasarvastivada Vinaya a me ke koena o ka Mahayana ma muli o ka Dharmaguptaka Vinaya. A laila aia he mau ʻōlelo, ka moʻolelo a me nā loiloi ma waho o ka helu ʻana.

Ua hoʻoholo nā kula he nui o Mahayana no lākou iho kahi hapa nui, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kula ka mea e koʻo o nā sutras a me nā ʻōlelo. Akā ʻaʻole mau ka lima mau. No laila, ʻaʻohe "Baibala Buddha".