Pule no SANT 'AGOSTINO e noi no kahi lokomaikaʻi
No kēlā hōʻoluʻolu ola loa āu, e ka mea hanohano Saint Augustine, i lawe mai ai i kēia haipule
ʻO Monica kou makuahine a me ka Ekalesia holoʻokoʻa, ke animated e kahi laʻana
o ka Roman Vittorino a me nā haʻiʻōlelo i kēia manawa i ka lehulehu, i hoʻonele ʻia i kēia manawa e ka Bihopa nui o
ʻO Milan, Saint Ambrose, a me Saint Simplician lāua ʻo Alipio, ua hoʻoholo hope loa e hoʻohuli,
e loaʻa no mākou āpau ka lokomaikaʻi e hoʻohana mau ai i nā laʻana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻo
o ka mea pono, i mea e lawe ai i ka lani e like me ka nui o ka hauʻoli me ko mākou ola e hiki mai ana
o ke kaumaha mākou i hana ai me nā hemahema he nui o ko mākou ola i hala
Naleipomaikai
ʻO mākou ka mea i ukali iā Augustine e ʻauana ana, pono e ukali iā ia me ke kala. Deh! i ka
ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokau iā mākou e ʻimi i ke kala ʻana a me ka hōʻoki ʻana i nā aloha āpau a lākou e hana ai
ko mākou hāʻule.
Naleipomaikai
ʻO Agostino dʻIppona (unuhi Italia o ka Lalani Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis) o ka lāhui Berber, akā no kahi moʻomeheu Hellenistic-Roman, hānau ʻia ma Tagaste (ʻo Souk-Ahras i kēia manawa ma Algeria, aia ma kahi o 100 km hema-komohana o Hippo) ma 13 Nowemapa 354 mai kahi ʻohana waena o ka poʻe liʻiliʻi. He pagan ka makuakāne ʻo Patrizio, ʻo Monica ka makuahine (ʻike iā 27 ʻAukake), a ʻo Augustine ka hānau mua, he Karistiano ʻo ia; nāna i aʻo iā ia i ka naʻau hoʻomana akā ʻaʻole me ka bapetizo ʻana iā ia, e like me ka maʻamau i kēlā manawa, ke ake nei e kali no ka oʻo makua.
He ola kamaliʻi ʻo Augustine, akā ua hoʻomaka nā hewa maoli ma hope. Ma hope o kāna aʻo mua ʻana ma Tagaste a laila ma Madaura kokoke, ua hele ʻo ia i Carthage i ka makahiki 371, me ke kōkua o kahi haku waiwai kūloko i kapa ʻia ʻo Romaniano. He 16 kona mau makahiki a ua ola ʻo ia i kona wā ʻōpio i kahi ala exuberant loa a, ʻoiai e hele ana i ke kula o kahi haʻi ʻōlelo, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e noho me kahi kaikamahine Carthaginian, nāna i hāʻawi iā ia, i 372, kahi keikikāne, ʻo Adeodato. I loko o ia mau makahiki, ua oʻo kāna hana mua ma ke ʻano he akeakamai, mahalo i ka heluhelu ʻana i kahi puke na Cicero, "Ortensio", nāna i hoʻopūʻiwa iā ia, no ka mea, ua ʻōlelo ka mea kākau Lākina he kōkua wale nō ke akeakamai i ka makemake e neʻe mai ʻino a hoʻohana i ka pono.
Minamina, i kēlā manawa, ka heluhelu ʻana o ka Palapala Hemolele i ʻōlelo ʻole ai i kona noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻomana i haʻi ʻia e kona makuahine me he mea lā he "hoʻomana kamaliʻi" ia, no laila ua ʻimi ʻo ia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma Manichaeism. (ʻO Manichaeism kahi hoʻomana hikina i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kenekulia ʻekolu a Mani, kahi i hoʻohui i nā ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻomana Kalikiano a me ka hoʻomana a Zoroaster; ʻo kāna kumu nui ʻo dualism, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kūʻē mau ʻana o nā kumumanaʻo akua like, hoʻokahi maikaʻi a hoʻokahi maikaʻi ʻole, ka mea i hoʻomalu i ka honua a me ka ʻuhane o ke kanaka).
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kāna aʻo ʻana, hoʻi ʻo ia i 374 iā Tagaste, kahi, me ke kōkua o kāna mea kōkua Roma, ua wehe ʻo ia i kahi kula grammar a me nā haʻi ʻōlelo. Ua hoʻokipa ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kona home me ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, no ka mea ʻo kāna makuahine ʻo Monica, ʻaʻole i kaʻana like i kāna mau koho haipule, ua ʻoi aku kona makemake e kaʻawale iā Augustine; ma hope wale nō ua kiʻi hou ʻo ia iā ia i kona home, me ka moeʻuhane premonitory e pili ana i kona hoʻi i ka hoʻomana Karistiano.
Ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki i ka 376, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e haʻalele i ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Tagaste a hoʻi i Carthage a, me ke kōkua pū o kāna hoaloha Romaniano, ʻo ia kāna i hoʻohuli iā Manichaeism, ua wehe ʻo ia i kahi kula ma aneʻi, kahi āna i aʻo ai no ʻehiku mau makahiki, eia naʻe. me nā haumāna hoʻopaʻapaʻa maikaʻi ʻole ʻia.
Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ʻo Augustine i waena o ka Manicheans i ka pane paʻa i kāna makemake no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a ma hope o ka hui ʻana me ko lākou pīhopa, ʻo Fausto, i hana ʻia ma 382 ma Carthage, ka mea nāna e hoʻopau i nā kānalua āpau, ua kū ʻole ʻo ia i ka manaʻo ʻole a no laila neʻe aku mai Manichaeism. Makemake nui i nā ʻike hou a luhi hoʻi i ka indiscipline o nā haumāna Carthaginian, ʻo Augustine, e kūʻē nei i nā pule a kona makuahine aloha, ka mea i makemake e mālama iā ia i ʻApelika, ua hoʻoholo e neʻe i Roma, ke kapikala o ke aupuni, me kona ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.
Ma 384 ua hiki iā ia ke loaʻa, me ke kākoʻo o ka prefect o Roma, ʻo Quinto Aurelio Simmaco, ka noho haʻiʻōlelo hakahaka ma Milana, kahi i neʻe ai, a hōʻea i 385, me ka manaʻo ʻole ʻia, e kona makuahine Monica, ka mea, e ʻike nei i ka hana o loko o kāna keiki. , ma kona ʻaoʻao me ka pule a me nā waimaka me ka hoʻokau ʻole ʻana iā ia i kekahi mea, akā ma ke ʻano he ʻānela pale.
Ma ke kumu o ka Lent 387, me Adeodato lāua ʻo Alipio, ua kū ʻo ia i waena o nā "mākaukau" e bapetizo ʻia e Ambrose ma ka lā Easter. Ua noho ʻo Agostino ma Milana a hiki i ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻomau ana i kāna mau hana: "De immortalitate animae a me De musica". A laila, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hoʻomaka ana i Ostia, hāʻawi ʻo Monica i kona ʻuhane i ke Akua. A laila, ua noho ʻo Augustine no mau mahina he nui ma Roma e pili ana i ka refutation o Manichaeism a e hoʻonui i kona ʻike i nā mōneka a me nā kuʻuna o ka Ekalesia.
I ka makahiki 388, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Tagaste, kahi i kūʻai aku ai i kāna mau waiwai, me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā loaʻa kālā i ka poʻe ʻilihune, a ua haʻalele ʻo ia me kekahi mau hoaaloha a me nā haumāna, ua hoʻokumu i kahi kaiāulu liʻiliʻi, kahi o nā waiwai i ka waiwai like. Akā ma hope o ka hala mau ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā hoa makaʻāinana, e noi no ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me ke kōkua, hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomanaʻo pono ʻana, pono ia e ʻimi i kahi ʻē aʻe a huli ʻo Augustine iā Hippo. Ua loaʻa wale ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka basilica kūloko, kahi a Bishop Valerio e noi aku nei i ka poʻe pono e hoʻolaʻa i kahuna e hiki ke kōkua iā ia, keu hoʻi i ka haʻi ʻōlelo ʻana; i ka ʻike ʻana i kona alo, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe kūoʻo e hoʻōho: "ʻO Augustine kahuna!". I kēlā manawa hāʻawi ʻia ka waiwai nui i ka makemake o ka lehulehu, noonoo i ka makemake o ke Akua a ʻoiai ʻo ia i hoʻāʻo e hōʻole, no ka mea ʻaʻole kēia ke ala i makemake ʻia, ua koi ʻia ʻo Augustine e ʻae. Ua loaʻa nui ke kūlanakauhale o Hippo, hua nui kāna hana; Ua noi mua ʻo ia i ka pīhopa e hoʻoneʻe i kona hale mōneka i Hippo, e hoʻomau i kāna koho ʻana i ke ola, a lilo ia i kumu kula no nā kāhuna pule a me nā bihopa o ʻApelika.
Ua hoʻokumu ke kumumanaʻo ʻAukake i nā kumu no ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana i nā loina o nā kāhuna pule. Ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi Rula, a laila lawe ʻia e ke Community of Regular a i ʻole Augustinian Canons i ka kenekulia XNUMX.
Ua hopohopo ʻo Bishop Valerio no ka neʻe ʻia o Augustine i kahi ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia i ka lehulehu a me ke kuhina nui o Numidia, ʻo Megalius o Calama, e hoʻolaʻa iā ia i coadjutor Bishop o Hippo. I ka 397, ua make ʻo Valerio, a ua lilo ʻo ia i pani hakahaka nona. Ua pono ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka hale mōneka a hana i kāna hana ikaika ma ke ʻano he kahu hipa o nā ʻuhane, āna i hana maikaʻi ai, no laila ua hoʻolaha ʻia kona kaulana ma ke ʻano he episekopo mālamalama i nā Halepule ʻApelika a pau.
I ka manawa like i kākau ai ʻo ia i kāna mau hana: ʻO St. Augustine kekahi o nā mea akamai loa i ʻike ʻia e nā kānaka. ʻAʻole mahalo ʻia ʻo ia wale nō no kāna mau hana, e komo pū ana me ka autobiograpical, akeakamai, apiki, dogmatic, polemical, morale, exegetical palapala, nā hōʻiliʻili o nā leka, nā haʻiʻōlelo a me nā hana i nā mele (kākau ʻia i nā metric non-classical, akā hoʻonui, no ka mea kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻanaʻau e nā poʻe aʻo ʻole), akā no nā ʻano kumuhana like ʻole e uhi ana i ka ʻike kanaka āpau. ʻO ke ʻano āna i hāpai ai i kāna hana e hoʻomau nei i ka hoihoi i ka mea heluhelu i kēia lā.
ʻO kāna hana kaulana loa ka Confessiones (The Confessionses). Nānā iā ia nā ʻano ʻano haipule he nui, e like me ke Kauoha o St. Augustine (OSA), i kapa ʻia ʻo Augustinians: pālahalaha ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me nā Augustinians Discalced (OAD) a me nā Augustinian Recollect (OAR), ʻo ia ka i loko o ka hale pule Katolika ka hoʻoilina ʻuhane nui o ka haipule o Hippo, nona ka Lula o ke ola i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā lehulehu ʻē aʻe, a me ka Canons Regular o St.
ʻO nā "Confessiones or Confessiones" (ma kahi o 400) ka moʻolelo o kona puʻuwai. Aia ke kumu o ka manaʻo ʻAukake i loko o ka "Confcepts" i loko o ka manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻohanohano iā ia wale nō: me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ke Akua, nāna ia e hoʻolohe i nā kūlana āpau, e hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻike i ke ʻano. kona ola. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "confses" i ka manaʻo Baibala (confiteri), ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he komo hewa a moʻolelo paha, akā he pule a kahi ʻuhane mahalo i ka hana a ke Akua i loko. ʻO nā hana āpau a ka Saint, ʻaʻohe mea i heluhelu ākea ʻia a mahalo ʻia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe puke i loko o nā puke āpau e like me ia no ke anamanaʻo hohonu o nā manaʻo paʻakikī loa o ka ʻuhane, no ka manaʻo o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a i ʻole no ka hohonu o nā manaʻo akeakamai.
I ka makahiki 429, ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ka maʻi nui, ʻoiai ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo Hippo no ʻekolu mau mahina e nā Vandals i kauoha ʻia e Genseric († 477), ma hope o ka lawe ʻana mai i ka make a me ka luku ma nā wahi āpau; ua loaʻa i ka pīhopa hemolele ka manaʻo o ka hopena kokoke o ka honua; ua make ʻo ia ma ka lā 28 ʻAukake 430 i ka makahiki 76. Ua ʻaihue ʻia kona kino mai nā Vandals i ka wā o ke ahi a me ka luku ʻia o Hippo, a laila lawe ʻia i Cagliari e Bishop Fulgenzio di Ruspe, ma kahi o 508-517 cc, me nā relic o nā bihopa ʻehā o ʻApelika.
Ma kahi o 725 ua lawe hou ʻia kona kino i Pavia, ma ka Halepule o S. Pietro ma Ciel dʻOro, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai nā wahi o kona hoʻohuli ʻia, e ka mōʻī Lombard haipule ʻo Liutprando († 744), nāna i hoʻōla. na na Sarakena o Sardinia.