ʻO St. Thomas Aquinas, Kauka o nā ʻānela

ʻO Thomas Aquinas, he pule pule Dominican o ke kenekulia XNUMX, he loea kilokilo, akeakamai, a me ka apologist o ka halepule medieval. ʻAʻole maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi, ke ʻeha nei ʻo ia i ka edema a me nā maka lopsided i hana i kahi helehelena misshapen. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka introvert ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaupaona, kūpilikiʻi, kamaʻilio lohi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ʻo Thomas Aquinas i kēia lā ʻo ia ka leo nui loa i ka theology scholar a me ka wehewehe Baibala o ka Middle Ages.

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Kaulana ʻia no: Dominican prayle a me ka mea kākau nui a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka wā waena
Hānau ʻia: 1225, ma Roccasecca, ʻItalia
Make: Malaki 7, 1274, Fossanova Abbey, Fossanova, ʻItalia
Nā Mākua: ʻo Count Lundulf o Aquino lāua ʻo Theodora, ʻo Countess ʻo Teano
Hoʻonohonoho: Ke Kulanui o Napela a me ke Kulanui o Palisa
Nā hana i paʻi ʻia: Summa Theologica (Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻomanaʻo); Summa Contra Helene (Hōʻuluʻulu Kūʻē i ko nā ʻāina ʻē); Scriptum super Libros Sententiarium (ʻōlelo ma nā ʻōlelo); De anima (ma ka ʻuhane); ʻO De Ente et Essentia (ma ke ʻano a me ke kumu); De Veritate (ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo).
ʻIke Kaulana: Ke ʻōlelo nei he kumu maikaʻi wale nō ʻo Iesū Kristo, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Thomas Aquinas, "He wahaheʻe ʻo Kristo, huhū a Haku paha."
ʻO ke ola mua
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Tommaso dʻAquino i ka makahiki 1225 iā Count Lundulf di Aquino a me kāna wahine ʻo Theodora, ma ka hale aliʻi ma Roccaseka, kokoke i Naples, i ke aupuni o Sisilia. ʻO Thomas ka muli loa o nā kaikaina ʻewalu. ʻO kona makuahine ka Countess o Teano. ʻOiai ʻo nā mākua ʻelua i kū mai i nā laina hanohano, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻohana he aliʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa.

I kona wā ʻōpio, ʻoiai e aʻo ana ma ke Kulanui o Napela, ua hui malū ʻo Aquino i ke kauoha Dominican o nā mākua. Ua huki ʻia ʻo ia i kā lākou koʻikoʻi i ke aʻo ʻana i ka naʻau, ka ilihune, ka maʻemaʻe, a me ka hoʻolohe i ke ola o ka lawelawe ʻuhane. Ua kūʻē nui kona ʻohana i kēia koho, ma kahi o ka makemake ʻana iā Thomas e lilo i Benedictine a e ʻoliʻoli i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi a waiwai hoʻi i ka hale pule.

I ka lawe ʻana i nā ana loa, ua hoʻopaʻa ka ʻohana a Aquino iā ia i paʻahao no hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi. I kēlā manawa, kipi paʻakikī lākou e hoʻowalewale iā ia mai kāna papa, a hāʻawi iā ia i kahi wahine hoʻokamakama a me kahi kūlana he archb Bishop o Napela. Ua hōʻole ʻo Aquinas e hoʻowalewale ʻia a hoʻouna koke ʻia i ke Kulanui o Palisa - i ka manawa o ke kikowaena nui o ka ʻike kula ma ʻEulopa - e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina naʻauana. Ma laila i loaʻa ai iā ia ka ʻike naʻoihana haipule ʻoi loa ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a Albert the Great. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo koke ʻana i ka hiki i ka ʻepekema a Aquino a me ka hiki ke lilo i mea e hoʻohuli ai, ua haʻi aku kāna alakaʻi, "Kāhea mākou i kēia ʻōpio he bipi wahaheʻe, akā ʻo kāna bellow i ke aʻo ʻana e kani hou ana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa."

Ka manaʻoʻiʻo a me ke kumu
Ua ʻike ʻo Aquino ʻo ke akeakamai kāna punahele punahele o ke aʻo, akā ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e kūlike me ka hoʻomana Kalikiano. I ka manaʻo medieval, ka ʻaʻa o ka hoʻolaulea ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka manaʻoʻiʻo a me ke kumu i puka i mua a i waena hoʻi. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā mea ʻelua, ua ʻike ʻo Thomas Aquinas i nā kumumanaʻo teololo o ka manaʻoʻiʻo a me nā loina o ke akeakamai o ka noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole kūʻē, akā ma ke ʻano he kumu ʻike na lāua ʻelua mai ke Akua mai.

Ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o Thomas Aquinas i nā hana akeakamai a Aristotle i loko o kāna aʻo ʻana, ua ʻaʻa ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻouluulu e nā haku Paris he nui i ka haipule. Ua loaʻa i kēia mau kāne ka antipathy āpau i Dominicans a me Franciscans. ʻO ka hopena, pale lākou i kona komo ʻana i ke kūlana o ke polofesa. Aka, i ka wa i komo ai ka pope, komo koke o Aquino. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ke koena o kona ola e aʻo i ka hoʻomana haipule ma Palisa, Ostia, Viterbo, Anagni, Perugia, Bologna, Roma a me Napela.

ʻO St. Thomas Aquinas ma ke keʻena o ka ʻākapaʻa
ʻO St. Thomas Aquinas ka mea nāna e mālama i ka ʻākapaʻa; Nā kiʻi mai ka pena kiʻi na Louis Roux, 1877. De Agostini / Biblioteca Ambrosiana / Getty Images
Kauka o nā ʻānela
ʻO ke ʻano o ka naʻau o Thomas Aquinas maemae loa i loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻo "Kauka o nā ʻānela". Ma waho o kona ʻike ākea i ka Palapala Hemolele, ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i nā hana nui a nā Makua o ka Hikina a me ka Church Western, ʻo St. Augustine, Peter Lombard a me Boethius.

I loko o kona ola, ua kākau ʻo Thomas Aquinas ma mua o 60 mau hana mai ka hōʻike Baibala i nā apologetics, akeakamai a me nā hoʻomana. ʻOiai ma Roma, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ʻelua, ʻo Summa Contra Gentle, kahi hōʻuluʻulu hōʻoluʻolu o ke aʻo i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻoia i ka poʻe manaʻoʻiʻo ʻole i ke kūpono o ka hoʻomana Karistiano.

ʻAʻole wale ʻo Aquino he kanaka ʻike naʻauao, akā ua kākau nō hoʻi ʻo ia i nā mele, hoʻolaʻa iā ia iho i ka pule, a hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa e aʻoaʻo aku i kona mau hoa pule ʻuhane. Manaʻo ʻia kāna hana poʻokela ʻoi loa, ʻo Summa Theologica, ʻaʻole wale ia he puke aʻo manawa ʻole e pili ana i ke aʻo Karistiano, akā he alakaʻi kūpono piha i ka naʻauao no nā kahu a me nā alakaʻi ʻuhane.

ʻO nā kākau moʻolelo Baibala e ola nei i loko o ka puke a Ioba, kahi ʻōlelo i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia e pili ana i nā Halelu, ʻIsaia, nā episetole a Paulo, a me nā ʻeuanelio a Ioane a me Mataio. Ua hoʻopuka pū ʻo ia i kahi ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā ʻeuanelio ʻehā i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia mai nā palapala a ka Helene a me nā Makua Lākina Lākina i kapa ʻia ʻo Catena Aurea.

I ka makahiki 1272, ua kōkua ʻo Aquino i kahi kula Dominican o ke aʻo hoʻomana haipule ma Napela. ʻOiai ma Napela, ma Kēkēmapa 6, 1273, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hihiʻo kupanaha ma hope o ka nui ma ka ʻahaʻaina o San Nicola. ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā hihiʻo ma mua, he kū hoʻokahi kēia. Ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia iā Toma he mea nui ʻole kāna mau kākau ʻana a pau i ka mālamalama o nā mea a ke Akua i hōʻike mai ai iā ia. I ke kono ʻia ʻana e hoʻomau i ke kākau ʻana, pane akula ʻo Aquinas: "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke hana i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau mea huna iaʻu i nā mea āpau aʻu i kākau ai i kēia manawa me he mea lā he waiwai iki. " Ua waiho ʻo Aquino i kāna peni a ʻaʻole i kākau hou i kahi huaʻōlelo.

ʻOiai ʻo kāna hana nui a koʻikoʻi ia, ua hoʻomau ʻo Summa Theologica i ka wā i make ai ʻo Aquino i ʻekolu mau mahina wale nō i hala. I ke kakahiaka nui o 1274, ua kono ʻia ʻo Thomas e hele i ka ʻAha Kūkā ʻelua o Lyons e kōkua i ke alahaka i ka ulu ulu ma waena o nā halepule Hikina a me Komohana. Akā ʻaʻole ia i hiki i Farani. Ma kāna huakaʻi hele wāwae, ua maʻi ʻo Thomas Aquinas a make i ka hale mōneka Cistercian o ka Fossanova Abbey ma Malaki 7, 1274.

St. Thomas Aquinas
Kanalima makahiki ma hope o kona make ʻana, ma Iulai 18, 1323, ua koho ʻia ʻo Thomas Aquinas e Pope John XXII a me ka hale pule Katolika Roma. I ka 1567th kenekulia Council o Trent, hoʻohanohano ʻia kāna Summa Theologica me kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Baibala. Ma XNUMX, ua koho ʻo Pope Pius V iā Thomas Aquinas "Kauka o ka Ekalesia". A i ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua paipai ʻo Pope Leo XIII e aʻo ʻia nā hana a Aquino i nā seminare Katolika āpau a me nā kumu aʻo haipule a puni ka honua.

I kēia mau lā ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Thomas Aquinas e nā haumāna Baibala a me nā kālaiʻike haipule o nā hoʻomana āpau, me nā ʻeuanelio. He mea haipule ʻo ia, hoʻopū ʻole i kāna hoʻokō iā Iesū Kristo, i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka palapala hemolele a me ka pule. Kūleʻa kāna hana a kūpono ʻole ke heluhelu.