Leej twg sau lub Kaulees thiab thaum twg?

Cov lus ntawm Kaulees tau sau raws li lawv tau qhia rau tus yaj saub Muhammad, cog lus los ntawm kev nco los ntawm thawj cov neeg Muslim thiab tau sau tseg hauv kev sau ntawv los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus yaj saub Muhammad
Raws li tus Quran tau tshwm sim, tus yaj saub Muhammad tau npaj tshwj xeeb kom paub tseeb tias nws tau sau. Txawm hais tias tus yaj saub Muhammad nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem nyeem lossis sau ntawv, nws sau cov nqe lus thiab hais rau cov kws sau ntawv sau cov lus tshwm sim rau txhua yam khoom uas muaj: ntoo ceg, pob zeb, tawv thiab pob txha. Cov kws sau ntawv yuav nyeem lawv cov ntawv sau rau tus Yaj Saub, uas yuav tshuaj xyuas lawv kom raug. Nrog rau txhua nqe tshiab tau qhia, tus yaj saub Muhammad kuj tau tshaj tawm nws qhov kev tso kawm nyob rau hauv lub cev loj hlob ntawm cov ntawv sau.

Thaum tus yaj saub Muhammad tuag, Kaulees tau sau tiav hlo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis nyob hauv phau ntawv foos. Nws tau sau rau ntawm ntau cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov khoom siv, tuav hauv cov muaj ntawm lub Khub ntawm tus Yaj Saub.

Raws kev saib xyuas ntawm Caliph Abu Bakr
Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus yaj saub Muhammad, tag nrho Quran txuas ntxiv kom nco ntsoov hauv lub siab ntawm cov Muslims thaum ntxov. Pua pua ntawm cov Thawj Khub ntawm tus Yaj Saub tau cim tag nrho kev tshwm sim, thiab cov Muslims tau hais qhov loj ntawm cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm kev nco txhua hnub. Ntau ntawm cov neeg Muslims thaum ntxov kuj tau sau cov ntawv ntiag tug ntawm Qur'an sau rau ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv.

Kaum xyoo tom qab Hijrah (632 AD), ntau tus ntawm cov Muslim kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg teev ntuj thaum ntxov tau raug tua nyob rau hauv Tsov Rog ntawm Yamama. Thaum lub zej zog muaj kev quaj ntsuag hais txog qhov yuav ploj ntawm lawv tus khub, lawv kuj pib txhawj txog qhov kev ncua ntev khaws cia ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Quran. Pom txog tias Allah cov lus yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv ib qho chaw thiab khaws cia, Caliph Abu Bakr kom txhua tus neeg uas tau sau nplooj ntawv ntawm Qur'an los sau lawv rau hauv ib qho chaw. Lub phiaj xwm tau txhim tsa thiab saib xyuas los ntawm ib tus kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus yaj saub Muhammad, Zayd bin Thabit.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm tso ua ke phau Kaulees los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv sau ntau yam tau ua tiav hauv plaub qib:

Zayd bin Thabit tau txheeb xyuas txhua nqe lus nrog nws qhov cim xeeb.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab tau kuaj xyuas txhua nqe. Ob tus txiv neej tau cim tag nrho cov Quran.
Ob tug neeg ua pov thawj ntseeg tau ua pov thawj tias cov nqe tau sau nyob rau ntawm tus yaj saub Muhammad.
Cov ntawv sau raug txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb tau khaws nrog cov sau ntawm lwm tus khub.
Qhov qauv ntawm kev kuaj xyuas thiab tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb los ntawm ntau dua ib qho chaw tau raug coj los nrog kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws. Lub hom phiaj yog los npaj cov ntawv npaj muaj zoo uas tag nrho lub zej zog tuaj yeem paub txog, pom zoo thiab siv ua khoom siv thaum xav tau.

Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho ntawm Qur'an tau muaj nyob hauv Abu Bakr cov khoom muaj thiab tom qab ntawd dhau mus rau tom ntej caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab. Tom qab nws tuag, lawv tau muab rau nws tus ntxhais Hafsah (uas tseem yog poj ntsuam ntawm tus yaj saub Muhammad).

Hauv qab kev tswj hwm ntawm Caliph Uthman bin Affan
Thaum cov Islam pib huam mus thoob plaws Sab Hnub Tuaj ntawm Arabian, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg nkag mus rau lub quav ntawm Islam txij li deb li Persia thiab Byzantine. Coob tus ntawm cov neeg Muslim tshiab no tsis yog neeg Arabic cov neeg hais lus lossis hais tawm txawv txawv Arabic los ntawm pab pawg ntawm Mecca thiab Madina. Cov neeg pib sib cav txog cov lus tshaj tawm twg uas raug tshaj plaws. Caliph Uthman bin Affan coj nws mus rau nws tus kheej los xyuas kom meej tias cov kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm Qur'an yog cov qauv kev hais lus.

Thawj kauj ruam yog qev cov ntawv qub, sau ua qauv ntawm Qur'an los ntawm Hafsah. Ib pab pawg ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Muslim thaum ntxov tau ua haujlwm kom hloov cov ntawv luam ntawm thawj daim qauv thiab los xyuas kom meej cov kab lus ntawm tshooj (sura). Thaum cov ntawv luam tiav no tiav lawm, Uthman bin Affan tau xaj kom txhua daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv tseem tshuav pov tseg, yog li ntawd txhua daim ntawv tshaj ntawm cov phau ntawv Qur'an yog cov neeg nyiam siv hauv tsab ntawv.

Txhua tus Korans muaj nyob niaj hnub no hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo ib yam nkaus rau Uthmani version, uas tau ua tiav tsawg dua nees nkaum xyoo tom qab tus yaj saub Muhammad tuag.

Tom qab, qee qhov kev txhim kho me me tau ua rau Arabic sau ntawv (ntxiv ntawm diacritic dots thiab cim) los pab txhawb kev nyeem ntawv los ntawm cov neeg tsis-Arabs. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Qur'an tseem nyob li qub.