Lub Vatican qhib cov ntawv teev ntawm Pope Pius XII ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thib Ob

Tom qab ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm kev nyuaj siab los ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm thiab cov neeg Yudais, pawg Vatican rau hnub Monday tau pib tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb nkag mus muab cov ntawv teev tseg ntawm Pope Pius XII, cov kev sib cav ntawm lub ntiaj teb Tsov Rog Zaum Ob.

Cov thawj coj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Roman Catholic tau ib txwm hais tias Pius ua txhua yam kom txuag tau cov neeg Yudais lub neej. Tab sis nws nyob twj ywm rau laj mej pej xeem muaj txog li 6 plhom leej neeg Yudais raug tua nyob rau txoj kev Holocaust.

Ntau tshaj 150 tus kws tshawb fawb tau thov los kawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws cov papacy, uas tau kav ntev li txij xyoo 1939 txog 1958. Feem ntau, Lub Vatican tseem tos 70 xyoo tom qab qhov kawg ntawm pontificate qhib nws cov ntaub ntawv rau kws tshawb fawb.

Tham nrog cov neeg sau xov xwm nyob rau 20 Lub Ob Hlis, Lub Vatican tus thawj saib xyuas tseem ceeb, Cardinal José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça, tau hais tias txhua tus kws tshawb fawb, tsis hais haiv neeg twg, ntseeg thiab hom phiaj zoo siab tos txais.

"Lub tsev teev ntuj tsis ntshai txog keeb kwm," nws hais, echoing cov lus ntawm Pope Francis thaum nws tshaj tawm nws lub hom phiaj qhib cov archives ntawm Pius XII ib xyoos dhau los.

Cov thawj coj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Roman Catholic tau ib txwm hais tias Pope Pius XII, uas muaj nyob ntawm no hauv daim duab tsis muaj hnub nyoog, tau ua txhua yam kom txuag tau neeg Yudais lub neej. Tab sis nws nyob twj ywm rau laj mej pej xeem muaj txog li 6 plhom leej neeg Yudais raug tua nyob rau txoj kev Holocaust.

Cov pab pawg neeg Yudais tau txais tos qhib ntawm lub archive. "Hauv kev caw cov keeb kwm thiab cov kws tshawb fawb rau laj mej pej xeem mus saib cov ntawv teev tseg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob hauv Vatican, Pope Francis tab tom qhia txog kev cog lus kawm thiab tshaj tawm qhov tseeb, nrog rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim xeeb ntawm Holocaust," World Jewish Congress Thawj Tswj Hwm Ronald S. Lauder nyob rau hauv nqe lus.

Johan Ickx, Vatican archivist, hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim.

Nws hais tias "Tam sim no peb tau dhau los txog 1 lab 300.000 daim ntawv uas muaj digitized thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov lus nug rau nws, kom pab cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau sai," nws hais.

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau tos ntev heev. Ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam hauv German thaum xyoo 1963, tus yawg Rolf Hochhuth tau tsa cov lus nug txog Pio txoj haujlwm ua tsov rog thiab liam nws ntawm kev hais lus tsis meej nyob hauv Holocaust. Tus txiv neej Vatican sim ua rau nws nkaug nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog Loos ntawm nws tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg Yudais ntawm lub nroog thaum lub sijhawm Nazi.

Cov quav hniav rau ntawm phab ntsa sab nraud tub rog kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Rome ua kev nco txog qhov kev sau ntawm 1.259 cov neeg Yudais. Nws sau hais tias: “Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 16, 1943 tag nrho cov neeg Yudais Roman tsev neeg los ntawm lawv cov neeg Naxale tau raug coj tuaj tom qab no thiab raug xa tawm mus rau lwm qhov chaw tua pov tseg. Ntawm ntau dua 1.000 tus neeg, tsuas yog 16 tus ciaj "."

Cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv Rome ua kev zoo siab nco txog Nazis txoj kev raug tsoo thiab raug ntiab tawm mus nyob hauv cov tsev neeg tawg rog ntawm cov neeg Yudais tsev neeg nyob rau lub Kaum Hlis 16, 1943. "Ntawm ntau dua 1000 tus neeg, tsuas yog 16 txoj sia nyob," hais tias cov plaque.
Sylvia Poggioli/NPR
Qhov chaw tsuas yog 800 mev ntawm St. Peter's Square - "nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov rais raws li neeg txiv plig tus thawj coj", raws li qhia los ntawm Ernst von Weizsacker, uas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd yog German tus sawv cev rau Vatican, hais txog Hitler.

David Kertzer ntawm Brown University tau sau ntau heev txog popes thiab cov neeg Yudas. Nws yeej Pulitzer nqi zog 2015 rau nws phau ntawv Il Papa e Mussolini: keeb kwm tsis pub lwm tus paub ntawm Pius XI thiab qhov nce siab ntawm kev siab phem nyob hauv Europe, ntawm tus thawj ntawm Pius XII, thiab tau tseg ib lub rooj hauv Vatican cov ntaub ntawv rau plaub lub hlis tom ntej.

Kertzer hais tias ntau tau paub txog dab tsi Pius XII tau ua. Ntau tsis tshua tau paub txog sab hauv kev sib tham thaum tsov rog xyoo hauv lub Vatican.

Nws hais tias "Peb paub tias [Pius XII] tsis tau ua dab tsi rau pej xeem," nws hais. “Nws tsis tau tawm tsam Hitler. Tab sis leej twg hauv lub Vatican yuav tuaj yeem yaum kom nws ua nws? Leej twg tuaj yeem ua kom ceeb toom? Qhov no yog qhov zoo uas kuv xav tias peb yuav tshawb pom lossis vam tias yuav pom. "

Zoo li ntau tus neeg muaj keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, Massimo Faggioli, uas qhia kev ntseeg ntawm University of Villanova, nws kuj tseem xav paub txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm Pio tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thib Ob, lub sijhawm Ntsuj Rog Txias. Tshwj xeeb, nws xav paub, cov neeg khiav dej num hauv Vatican puas cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv tsa hauv Italian xyoo 1948, thaum muaj lub sijhawm muaj yeej rau Pab Pawg Communist?

Pope Pius XII sau ntawv pom ntawm tsab ntawv sau ntawm nws 1944 kev hais lus, qhia thaum lub sijhawm coj mus ncig rau xov xwm ntawm Vatican lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Pope Pius XII rau lub Ob Hlis 27.

"Kuv xav paub qhov sib txuas lus zoo li cas yog nyob ntawm Secretary of State [Vatican] thiab CIA," nws hais. "Pope Pius yeej ntseeg tias nws yuav tsum tiv thaiv ib lub tswv yim ntawm kev ntseeg kev vam meej ntawm cov teb chaws Europe ntawm kev sib tawm tsam".

Kertzer paub tseeb tias lub Koom Txoos Catholic tau npau rau Holocaust. Qhov tseeb, ntau txhiab neeg Yudais pom qhov chaw nkaum hauv cov rooj sib tham hauv Catholic hauv tebchaws Ltalis. Tab sis qhov uas nws cia siab tias yuav nkag siab zoo dua los ntawm Pio cov ntaub ntawv yog lub luag haujlwm ua los ntawm pawg ntseeg hauv cov dab neeg Yudais tsis ntseeg txog.

Nws hais tias "Cov neeg muag khoom loj ntawm cov neeg Yudais kev dag ntxias ntau xyoo tsis yog lub xeev, nws yog pawg ntseeg," nws hais. "Thiab nws tau hais tawm tsam cov neeg Yudas kom txog rau xyoo 30 thiab pib ntawm Holocaust, yog tias tsis nyob hauv nws, suav nrog cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntsig txog lub Vatican."

Qhov no, hais tias Kertzer, yog qhov uas Vatican yuav tsum cuam tshuam nrog.