Manaakitia a John Duns Scotus, Tapu o te ra mo te 8 o Noema

Tapu o te ra mo te 8 o Noema
(i te wa o 1266 - Noema 8, 1308)

Ko te korero mo te Hoani John Duns Scotus

He taangata haehaa, ko John Duns Scotus tetahi o nga Franciscans whai mana i roto i nga rautau. I whanau mai ia i Duns i te Kaute o Berwick, Scotland, i heke mai a John i tetahi whanau ahuwhenua whai rawa. I nga tau o muri mai, i mohiotia ia ko John Duns Scotus hei tohu i tona whenua tupu; Ko Scotia te ingoa Latina o Kotimana.

I whiwhi a John i te ritenga o te Friars Minor i Dumfries, i reira te tiimana a Iraia Duns i teitei. Whai muri i tana tauhou, ka ako a John i Oxford me Paris ka whakatohungahia ia hei pirihi i te tau 1291. Ko etahi rangahau i whai muri i Paris tae atu ki te 1297, ka hoki ano ia ki te kauhau ki Oxford me Cambridge. E wha tau i muri mai, ka hoki ia ki Paris ki te whakaako me te tutuki i nga whakaritenga mo te tohu kairangi.

I te wa i kaha te nuinga o te iwi ki te whakamahi i nga punaha whakaaro katoa kaore he tohu, ka whakanui a John i te taonga o te ahurea Augustinian-Franciscan, te maioha ki te mohio o Thomas Aquinas, Aristotle me nga tohungatanga Muslim - me te whakahaere tonu i a raatau ki te whakaaro takitahi. I whakaatuhia mai taua kounga i te tau 1303, i te wa i whakamatau ai a King Philip te Fair ki te whakauru i te Whare Waananga o Paris ki tana taha i roto i tetahi tautohetohe me Pope Boniface VIII. Kaore a John Duns Scotus i whakaae, ka toru nga ra i whakawhiwhia ai ia ki te wehe i France.

I te wa o Scotus, i kii etahi o nga tangata whakaaro nui he tino whakatauhia e te hunga kaha e nga kaha o waho ki a ratou ano. Ko te kore utu he pohehe, i kii ta raatau. He tangata whaihua tonu, i kii a Scotus mena ka tiimata tana patu i tetahi e kore e whakaae ki tana hiahia rangatira, ka kii tonu te tangata kia mutu. Engari mena kaore i a Scotus te tikanga rangatira, me pehea e mutu ai? He pukenga a John mo te rapu pikitia i maumahara ai ana akonga!

I muri i te wa poto noho ai ki Oxford, ka hoki a Scotus ki Paris, ka whiwhi ia i tana tohu kairangi i te tau 1305. I haere tonu ia ki te whakaako i reira, i te tau 1307, na tana tino pukenga i tiaki te Immaculate Conception of Mary na te whare wananga i whakaae tona mana. I taua tau ano ka tohua ia e te minita nui ki te kura Franciscan o Cologne i mate ai a John i te 1308. Kei te whare karakia o Franciscan ia i te taha o te whare karakia rongonui o Cologne.

I runga i nga mahi a John Duns Scotus, na Papa Pius IX i tino whakamaarama te Immaculate Conception of Mary i te tau 1854. John Duns Scotus, te "Doctor Doctor", i whakamanatia i te tau 1993.

Te Pūhara

Ko Papa Charles Balic, OFM, te tino kaiarahi mo Scotus o te rautau rua tekau, i tuhi: "Ko te ako katoa o Scotus i te nuinga o te whakaaro o te aroha. Ko te tohu motuhake o tenei aroha ko tona tino herekore. Ka rite ki te aroha ka tino tika me te kaha, ka nui ake te rangatira me te whakauru i roto i te Atua me te tangata