Vatican idatsegula zakusunga kwa Papa Pius XII za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse
Pambuyo patatha zaka makumi ambiri zakakamizidwa ndi akatswiri azambiriyakale komanso magulu achiyuda, a Vatican Lolemba adayamba kulola ophunzira kuti apeze zolemba zakale za Papa Pius XII, yemwe anali wotsutsa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse.
Akuluakulu a Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika akhala akuumiriza kuti Pius adachita zonse zotheka kuti apulumutse moyo wachiyuda. Koma adangokhala chete pomwe Ayuda pafupifupi 6 miliyoni adaphedwa pa Nazi.
Ophunzira opitilira 150 adasankha kuti aphunzire zolemba zokhudza upapa wake, zomwe zidachitika kuyambira mu 1939 mpaka 1958. Kawirikawiri, ku Vatican kudikira zaka 70 pambuyo poti wapulumutse kuti awatsegule ophunzira ake.
Polankhula ndi atolankhani pa 20 february, mlembi wamkulu waku Vatican, a Cardinal José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça, adati ofufuza onse, mosatengera mtundu wawo, chikhulupiriro komanso malingaliro.
"Tchalitchi sichikuopa mbiri," akutero mawu a Papa Francis pomwe adalengeza cholinga chake chotsegulira zakale za Pius XII chaka chatha.
Akuluakulu a Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika akhala akakamira kuti Papa Pius XII, yemwe ali pachithunzipa, achita zonse zotheka kuti apulumutse moyo wachiyuda. Koma adangokhala chete pomwe Ayuda pafupifupi 6 miliyoni adaphedwa pa Nazi.
Magulu achiyuda alandila kutsegulidwa kwa malo osungira zinthu zakale. "Poyitanitsa olemba mbiri komanso akatswiri kuti apeze pakalembedwe ka Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ku Vatikani, Papa Francis akuwonetsa kudzipereka kuti aphunzire ndikufalitsa chowonadi, komanso tanthauzo la kukumbukira kwa kuphedwa kwa Nazi," adatero. Purezidenti wa World Jewish Congress a Ronald S. Lauder m'mawu.
A Johan Ickx, wolemba nkhani ku Vatikani, ati ophunzira atha kukhala ndi mafayilo osavuta.
"Tadutsa zikwizikwi 1 miliyoni 300.000 zomwe zidasungidwa pamakina ndikusakanikirana ndi zida zake, kuthandiza ofufuza kupita mwachangu," akutero.
Ofufuzawo anali atadikirira kwa nthawi yayitali. Wosewerera nthabwala waku Germany kuyambira mu 1963, wothandizira a Rolf Hochhuth, adadzutsa mafunso okhudzana ndi nkhondo ya Pio ndikumuneneza kuti chete ataphedwa pa Nazi. Kuyesa kwa Vatikani kumumenya kumasokonezedwa ndi kukumbukira kwamtsogolo ku Roma za machitidwe ake kwa Ayuda a mzindawo panthawi ya chipani cha Nazi.
Chikwangwani chomwe chili pakhoma kunja kwa koleji yankhondo ku Roma chikumbukira kusonkhanitsa kwa Ayuda 1.259. Lembali likuti: “Pa Okutobala 16, 1943 mabanja onse achiyuda achi Roma omwe adachoka kunyumba zawo ndi a Nazi adabweretsa kuno ndikuthamangitsidwa kundende zochotsa anthu onse. Mwa anthu oposa 1.000, 16 okha ndi omwe adapulumuka. "
Chikwangwani ku Rome chikumbukira kukumbukira kwa chipani cha Nazi ndikupititsidwa ku ndende zochotsa mabanja achiyuda pa Okutobala 16, 1943. "Mwa anthu opitilira 1000, 16 okha ndi omwe adatsala," watero chikalatacho.
Sylvia Poggioli/NPR
Malowa ndi amtundu wa 800 okha kuchokera ku St. Peter Square - "pansi pazenera zofanana ndi papa", monga momwe Ernst von Weizsacker, yemwe panthawiyo anali kazembe waku Germany ku Vatican, ponena za Hitler.
David Kertzer waku Brown University adalemba kwambiri pa mapapa ndi Ayuda. Adapambana Mphotho ya Pulitzer 2015 chifukwa cha buku lake Il Papa e Mussolini: mbiri yachinsinsi ya Pius XI komanso kutukuka kwa malingaliro ku Europe, pa Pius XII yemwe adatsogola, ndipo adasunga desiki m'malo osungirako zakale aku Vatican miyezi inayi.
Kertzer akuti zambiri zimadziwika pazomwe Pius XII adachita. Zambiri zomwe sizidziwika pamalingaliro amkati pazaka zankhondo ku Vatican.
"Tikudziwa kuti [Pius XII] sanachitepo kanthu pagulu," akutero. Sananenere kuti a Hitler. Koma ndani ku Vatikani yemwe akanamulimbikitsa kuti achite? Ndani akadalangiza kuchenjeza? Umu ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe ndikuganiza kuti tidzazipeza kapena tikuyembekeza kuti titulukire. "
Monga akatswiri azambiri zakale za tchalitchichi, a Massimo Faggioli, omwe amaphunzitsa zamaphunziro pa Yunivesite ya Villanova, nawonso ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa komwe Pio itatha Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, pa Nkhondo Yozizira. Makamaka, amadzifunsa, kodi akuluakulu a ku Vietnam adalowererapo zisankho zaku Italy mu 1948, pomwe panali mwayi weniweni wopambana ku Chipani cha Komyunisiti?
Zolemba pamanja za a Papa Pius XII zikuwoneka paukadaulo wa mawu ake a 1944, omwe adawonetsedwa paulendo wowongolera atolankhani wa laibulale yaku Vatikani pa Papa Pius XII pa febulo 27.
"Ndingafune kudziwa kuti kulankhulana kotani pakati pa Secretariat of State [Vatican] ndi CIA," akutero. "Papa Pius anali wotsimikiza kuti amayenera kuteteza lingaliro lina lachitukuko chachikhristu ku Europe kuchoka ku chikominisi".
Kertzer ndi wotsimikiza kuti Tchalitchi cha Katolika chachita mantha kwambiri ndi kuphedwa kwa Nazi. M'malo mwake, Ayuda masauzande ambiri anathawira kumayiko achikatolika ku Italy. Koma zomwe akuyembekeza kuti amvetsetse bwino kuchokera pazosungidwa ndi Pio ndi gawo lomwe mpingo unasewera pakupanga ziwanda.
"Otsatsa oyipitsa kwambiri achiyuda kwazaka zambiri sanali boma, anali mpingo," akutero. "Ndipo anali kunamizira Ayuda mpaka ma 30 ndi chiyambi cha kuphedwa kwa Nazi, ngati sichoncho, kuphatikiza zofalitsa zokhudzana ndi Vatican."
Izi, atero Kertzer, ndizomwe Vatican ikuyenera kuthana nazo.