Guardian Ngirozi dziripo! Chishamiso chengirozi dzekutarisa

“Ngirozi dziripo!

Nyeredzi dzakarembera mudenga dzichikomberedza zuva. Makomo marefu ekusika ayo muganhu pamakomo asingagumi. Ngirozi dziripo!

Mazhenje akavhenekera muchiedza chepakutanga. Minda inonhuwirira izere nemufaro. Matsime eTaciturn anoteerera kwakadzika uye anodhirowa pakadzika "(Hophan," Die Engel ", peji 18).

Ngirozi dzagara dziri pakati pekukakavara. Munguva yavo, vaSadhusi vakatoramba kuvapo kwengirozi, uye kufunga kwavo kwakachengetedzwa kusvika panguva yedu nanhasi kuri kusangana nenguva itsva yegoridhe.

Parizvino, kutenda kungirozi kunongopihwa chete kuvana nevanopenga, nekuti varume vazhinji vanogovana maonero emunyori wechiGerman G nther Grass, uyo mu "Local Anesthesia" yake anonyora kuti: "Ndinovenga dzidziso uye chokwadi chisingaperi! ”. Munguva yehunyanzvi, chete zvinhu zvinogona kutsanangurwa nehunyanzvi zvine kukosha chaiko; izvo zvinopfuura kupfuura muganhu weruzivo rwevanhu - ndiko kuti, zvese zvinofanirwa kutendwa uye zvisingakwanise kuratidzwa nenzira zvine musoro - hazvipo zvachose. Iyi dzidziso inounza matambudziko mazhinji kuvaKristu vanotenda, avo panzvimbo iyoyo havafanirwe kuvhiringidzika. Kuvapo kwengirozi kunoratidzwa muTestamente Itsva uye Yekare, Kristu pachiso ndiye anovimbisa; tsika tsvene inotidzidzisa izvi, vazhinji vasinganzwisisike vanozvisimbisa uye Chechi inozvisimbisa mune dzakasiyana dzidziso tsananguro akaidzidzisa kusvikira nhasi uye achachidzidzisa kusvika kumagumo enyika. "Tinotenda muna Mwari, Baba, Mwanakomana naMweya Mutsvene, Musiki wezvinhu zvinoonekwa, senyika ino, kunoitika hupenyu hwedu hwekutiza; Musiki wezvinhu zvisingaonekwe zvakaita semweya yakachena, inonzi `ngirozi '..." (Pope Paul VI, "Chitendero cheVanhu vaMwari")

1. Ngirozi dziri muBhaibheri

MuBhaibheri, vatumwa vanoonekwa kubva kune rekutanga kusvika kubhuku rekupedzisira uye vanotaurwa nezvazvo mumazana anopfuura mazana matatu endima.

MuMagwaro Matsvene vanotaurwa kakawanda zvekuti Papa Gregory Mukuru anga asiri kuwedzeredza paakataura achiti, "Kuvapo kwengirozi kunoratidzwa pane angangoita peji rega reBhaibheri Dzvene." Nepo mumabhuku eBhaibheri ekare ngirozi dzinotaurwa zvisingawanzoitika, pashoma nepashoma dzinova huvepo hwakakurumbira muzvinyorwa zvichangoburwa zveBhaibheri, muvaporofita Isaya, Ezekieri, Danieri, Zekaria, mubhuku raJobho uye mune raTobias. "Vanosiya basa ravo rekuseri mudenga kuti vazvitorere kumberi padanho repasi: ivo vashumiri veWekumusoro-soro mukutungamira kwenyika, vatungamiriri vasinganzwisisike vevanhu, masimba emweya mukurwa kwakasimba, vachengeti vakanaka kunyange vanozvininipisa varume. Vatumwa vatatu vakuru vanotsanangurwa kusvika patinokwanisa kuziva mazita avo nehunhu hwavo: Michael uyo ane simba, Gabriel ari pamusoro uye Raphael ane tsitsi.

Pamwe, kukura zvishoma nezvishoma nekusimbisa kwezvakazarurwa nezvengirozi zvine zvikonzero zvakasiyana. Zvinoenderana nedzidziso dzaThomas Aquinas, vaHebheru vekare vangadai vakanamata ngirozi dai vaive vakanyatsonzwisisa simba ravo uye runako rwavo runopenya. Panguva iyoyo, zvakadaro, kunamata mumwechete - uko mune chero chiitiko kwaive kwakasarudzika mune zvese zvekare - hakuna kudzika midzi zvakakwana muvanhu vechiJuda kubvisa njodzi yekunamatwa. Nechikonzero ichi, kuzarurirwa kwakakwana kwengirozi kwaisagona kuitika kusvika gare gare.

Zvakare, panguva yehutapwa pasi pevaAsiria nevaBabironi, maJuda vangangodaro vaiziva chinamato cheZoroaster, mune dzidziso yemweya wakaipa neyakaipa. Dzidziso iyi inoita kunge yakasimudzira zvikuru mifananidzo yengirozi muvanhu vechiJuda uye, sezvo zaruro tsvene ichigonawo kukura pasi pesimba rezvisikwa, zvingangoitawo kuti simba rekuwedzera-bhaibheri ndiro raive nzvimbo yezvakazarurwa. kudzika kwakadzika pamusoro pengirozi. Hongu hazvina kunaka kutarisa kwakatangira dzidziso yengirozi yeBhaibheri zviri nyore muzvitendero zvemweya zveAsiriya-Bhabhironi, sezvakangoitawo zvakaenzana kudzosa mukufungidzira, pasina kuzeza, mifananidzo yekuwedzera-yebhaibheri yengirozi.

Nebhuku rake "Vatumwa", Otto Hophan, mudzidzi wezvechitendero wezvenguva ino, akapa zvakawanda kuzivo iri nani yengirozi. “Kutendiswa kwekuvapo kwemweya une utsinye neyakaipa, wepakati pakati pehuMwari hukuru nevanhu, kwakapararira munenge muzvitendero zvese neuzivi zvekuti panofanira kuve nemavambo akafanana, ndiko kuti, chizaruro chepakutanga. Muchihedheni, iko kutenda kwengirozi kwakashandurwa kuve iko muna mwari; asi ndizvo chaizvo "iyo polytheism iyo muchikamu chikuru ingori kumiririra zvisirizvo zvekutenda kwengirozi (Scheeben: Dogmatik, vhoriyamu 2, peji 51)."

Humbowo hwakakurumbira hwekuvapo kwechakazarurwa chepakutanga unowanikwa mumabasa emudzidzi wechihedheni Plato, uyo ane zvirevo zvake pamusoro pengirozi anosvika padhuze nekutenda kwemubhaibheri kwengirozi: "Midzimu inoshanda sedudziro." - iwe uye unoudza vamwari izvo zvinobva kuvanhu; uye vanotaurira varume izvo zvinobva kuna vamwari. Kune vekare vanounza minamato nezvibayiro, kune ekupedzisira mirairo uye mibairo yezvibayiro. "Vanozadza nzvimbo pakati pezviviri nenzira yekuti vagadzire kubatana." Saka ngatirangarirei: zaruriro neBhaibheri zvinopupura kuvapo kwengirozi nenzira dzakasiyana. Asi ndivanaani ngirozi?

2. Ngirozi mweya

Mundima zhinji dzeRugwaro Rutsvene, ngirozi dzinotsanangurwa se 'mweya yakachena'. Nedudziro, mweya haina muviri kana kugadzirwa nezvenyaya iyi, uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi haina shanduko dzenyika. Pfungwa yekuti 'mweya' hazvireve kungoreva kusanganisa, kuve tsananguro yezvisiri mweya. "Muzvokwadi, mweya unomiririra kudzikama kwakanyanyisa kweicho chaicho, iko kukura kukuru kwekuvapo, musimboti unoshanda mabasa, iyo tip inopfuura muviri wese ... Midzimu - nenzira shoma mweya wemunhu, wakasimba mweya wengirozi waMwari usingaperi - vanhu vanozvipira, vanozvivimba, ndezvavo uye vanozivana, vanhu uye havasi vanhu, vanotendeseka kupfuura chero hunhu huripo uhwo vazhinji vanofunga seicho chaicho chiripo. iwe.

Kana Ishe vachitaura nemweya iri muEvhangeri, vanobvunza mazita avo; nekuti mweya 'mumwe munhu' uye kwete 'chimwe chinhu', hune hunhu uye hausi mumvuri kana zvakasarudzika zvakasikwa. "Ani naani ane chekuita nemweya, ane chekuita nemunhu."

3. Zvinoitika pakuonekwa kwengirozi

Chero nguva ngirozi padzinoonekwa muBhaibheri, hadziite saizvozvo muchimiro chemweya, asi nemuviri: murume, wechidiki, nezvimwe. … Vanozviitira kutapudza kukanganisika kwepfungwa isu varume, avo vasingakwanise kuona kupfuura zvatinogona kuona nemanzwiro, anova mweya wakachena. Chimiro chemuviri chinogamuchirwa nengirozi chinowanzo kunzi semuviri 'wekunyepa'. Muviri wekunyepedzera rudzi rwekuita muviri muchimiro chemuviri; haina kusungirwa kumitemo yepanyika, asi ichiri kutaridzika kunge chaicho kumuoni.

Kuonekwa kwengirozi kunogona kusiyaniswa muzviratidzo zvemukati nekunze. Yekutanga inogona kuzviratidza muhope, sezvakaitika kuna Joseph: "Tarira Mutumwa waIshe akazviratidza kwaari muchiroto ..." (Mt 1,20; 2, 13, 19). Nekudaro, zvinogona zvakare kuitika mukumuka, sekusanganiswa kwakawanda kunoratidza. Kuonekwa kwemutumwa mukuru Raphael kune wechidiki Tobias kwaive chiratidzo chekunze; ngirozi yakaperekedza murume wechidiki parwendo rwake rurefu uye akatungamira zvinhu zvake zvese neruoko rwechokwadi.

Nekudaro, kune mamwezve mashura ekuti mutumwa anoonekwa chete nemunhu uye haaonekwe nevamwe vanhu varipo. Ngirozi yakasunungura Petro mutorongo yakanga isingaonekwe nevarindi: "Petro, akabuda, akamutevera, asingazive kana zvakaitwa nengirozi ichokwadi; aifunga kuti ane chiratidzo. ”(Mabasa 12: 9). Kurova kwembabvu kwakagamuchirwa nemutumwa, ngetani dzakawa uye mikova yakavhurika zvishoma nezvishoma zvakagonesa Peter kuti aive asiri mubatwa rekufungidzira kwake. Paakangomuka munzira isina vanhu pakati pehusiku akati: "Zvino ndanyatsonzwisisa kuti Ishe vatuma Mutumwa wavo, andisunungura kubva mumaoko aHerod ..." (Mabasa 12, 11). Kunyangwe zvikaita sezvazviri, ngirozi dzemidzimu hadzi 'taure' sevanhu, asi nesimba repfungwa dzinogadzira mafungu ezwi akafanana nezwi remunhu. Kana ivo "vachidya" ivo havatore chikafu kana chinwiwa, sekutsanangura kwaRaffaele kumhuri yaTobias vasati vamusiya: "Iwe waifunga kuti unondiona ndichidya, asi pachokwadi handina chandakadya, chaingova chifananidzo" (Tb 12,19: XNUMX).

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadaro, muviri wemunhu hauna kukwana kuti unzwisise hunhu hwevatumwa, kunyanya kana zvasvika kune vatumwa vekumusoro kwaya.