Biography yaJustin Martyr
Justin Martyr (100-165 AD) aive baba vekare veChechi iyo yaakatanga basa rake sehunyanzvi asi akawana kuti dzidziso dzenyika dzehupenyu hadzina musoro. Paakawana chiKirisitu, akaitevedzera nekushingairira zvekuti chakatungamira pakuurawa.
Chokwadi chinokurumidza: Justin Martyr
Uyezve inozivikanwa sa: Flavio Giustino
Nhengo: muzivi, wezvechitendero, munyengeri
Akazvarwa: c. 100 AD
Kunyengedzwa: 165 AD
Dzidzo: dzidzo yechinyakare muchiGiriki nehunyanzvi hweRoma
Akaburitswa mabasa: kutaurirana naTrypho, kukumbira ruregerero
Vakakurumbira quote: "Tinotarisira kugashira miviri yedu zvakare, kunyange ivo vakafa uye vakandirwa mupasi, sezvo isu tichiti kuna Mwari hapana chinhu chisingagoneke."
Tsvaga mhinduro
Akazvarwa muguta reRoma reFlavia Neapolis, padyo neguta rekare reSamariya weShekemi, Justin aive mwanakomana wevabereki vechihedheni. Zuva rake chairo rekuzvarwa harizivikanwe, asi zvimwe raive pakutanga kwezana rechipiri.
Kunyangwe dzimwe nyanzvi dzemazuva ano dzakarwisa ungwaru hwaJustin, aive nepfungwa dzekuda kuziva uye akawana dzidzo yakasimba mukutamba, kudetemba nenhoroondo. Paaive jaya, Justin akadzidza zvikoro zvehuchenjeri hwakasiyana siyana, achitsvaga mhinduro dzemibvunzo inonakidza yehupenyu.
Kutanga kutsvaga kwake kwaive kwekunyepedzera, kwakatangwa nemaGreek uye kwakagadziriswa nevaRoma, izvo zvakasimudzira kufungidzira uye kufunga. MaStoics akadzidzisa kuzvidzora uye kusava nehanya nezvinhu zvinopfuura simba redu. Justin akawana iyi uzivi ichishaikwa.
Pashure pacho, akadzidza nepfungwa yepfungwa kana kuti Aristotelian muzivi. Nekudaro, Justin akakurumidza kuona kuti murume uyu ainyanya kuda kuunganidza mutero wake pane kuwana chokwadi. Mudzidzisi wake akatevera aive Pythagorean, akasimbisa kuti Justin aidzidzawo geometry, mimhanzi uye nyeredzi, zvakare achidawo zvinodiwa. Chikoro chekupedzisira, Platoism, chaive chakaomesesa kubva pakubata kwepfungwa, asi hazvina kugadzirisa zvinetswa zvevanhu zvaitarisirwa naJustin.
Iye murume asinganzwisisike
Rimwe zuva, Justin aine makore makumi matatu, akasangana nemurume akura achifamba nemhenderekedzo yegungwa. Munhu akataura kwaari nezvaJesu Kristu uye kuti Kristu aive kuzadzikiswa kwakapikirwa nevaporofita vekare vechiJudha.
Sezvavaitaura, murume mukuru akagadzira gomba muhunyanzvi hwaPlato naAristotle, achiti icho chikonzero chakange chisiri nzira yekuwana Mwari .. Panzvimbo iyoyo, munhu akanongedzera kuvaporofita avo vakasangana nekwavo pachavo naMwari uye vakafanotaura hurongwa hwake hwekuponeswa.
"Moto wakangoerekana wabatidzwa mumweya mangu," akadaro Justin gare gare. “Ndakadanana nemaporofita nevarume ava avo vaida Kristu; Ndakafungisisa pane zvese zvavaitaura ndokuona kuti uzivi uhwu chete hwaive hwechokwadi uye hwaive nebasa. Heano maitiro uye nei ndakava muzivi. Uye ndinoshuvira kuti dai vese vakanzwawo seni. "
Mushure mekutendeuka kwake, Justin akaramba achizviona sevazivi kwete wezvechitendero kana mumishinari. Aitenda kuti Plato nevamwe vazivi vechiGreek vakaba zvakawanda zvezvirevo zvavo kubva muBhaibheri, asi sezvo Bhaibheri rakabva kuna Mwari, Chikristu "huzi hwechokwadi" uye hwakava kutenda kwakakodzera kufa.
Mabasa makuru akaitwa naJustin
Kunenge muna 132 AD Justin akaenda kuEfeso, guta raive ratanga muchechi Paul. Ikoko, Justin akaitirana nharo nemuJuda anonzi Trifo pakududzirwa kweBhaibheri.
Giustino paakazomira paive neRome, kwaakatanga chikoro chechiKristu. Nekuda kwechitambudzo chevaKristu, Justin ainyanya kuita dzidziso yake mudzimba dzevanhu. Aigara pamusoro pemurume anonzi Martinus, padyo neTimiotinian yemafuta yekugezesa.
Dzakawanda dzekurapa kwaJustin dzinotaurwa mune zvakanyorwa naMadzibaba eChechi ekutanga, asi mabasa matatu chete echokwadi anopona. Pazasi pane zvipfupiso zvezvakakosha zvavo.
Kukurukurirana naTrypho
Kutora fomu yekupokana nemuJuda muEfeso, bhuku iri rinopokana neSemite nemazero anhasi. Nekudaro, yakashanda sedziviriro yekutanga kwechiKristu kwemakore mazhinji. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti yakanyatsonyorwa mushure mekukumbira ruregerero, kwaanotora. Kuongorora kusakwana kwedzidziso dzechiKristu:
Testamende Yekare iri kupa nzira kuChitenderano Chitsva;
Jesu Kristu akazadzisa zviporofita zveTestamente Yekare;
Marudzi achashandurwa, nemaKristu sevanhu vatsva vakasarudzwa.
scusa
Iko kukumbira ruregerero kwaJustin, bhuku rekufungidzira kwechiKristu, kana kuzvidzivirira, rakanyorwa munenge muna 153 AD uye rakanyorerwa kuna mambo Antoninus Pius Justin akaedza kuratidza kuti Chikristu hachisi chaityisa kuumambo hweRoma asi maitiro ehurongwa hwakavakirwa pakutenda hwakabva kuna Mwari. Justin akasimbisa izvi zvakakosha.
MaKristu haasi matsotsi;
Vaitoda kufa pane kuramba Mwari wavo kana kunamata zvifananidzo;
MaKristu akanamata Kristu akarovererwa uye Mwari;
Kristu iShoko remuviri, kana Logos;
Chikristu chakakwirira kune zvimwe zvinodavirwa;
Justin akarondedzera kunamatwa kwechiKristu, rubhabhatidzo uye Eucharist.
Chechipiri "ruregerero"
Ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino rwunofunga Chechipiri Apology chete chirevo pane yekutanga uye rinoti Chechi, Baba Eusebio, vakakanganisa pavakatonga sekechipiri gwaro rakazvimirira. Izvo zvinetso zvakare kana yakazvipira kuna Emperor Marcus Aurelius, muzivi wechienzi anozivikanwa. Inofukidza pfungwa mbiri huru:
Iyo inotsanangura zvakadzama kusarongeka kweUrbino kune maKristu;
Mwari anotendera zvakaipa nekuda kweProvidence, kusununguka kwevanhu nekutonga kwekupedzisira.
Angangoita gumi zvinyorwa zvekare zvinonzi naJustin Martyr, asi humbowo hwechokwadi hwazvo hauna chokwadi. Mazhinji akanyorwa nevamwe varume pasi pezita raJustin, tsika yakajairika munyika yekare.
Kuurayirwa Kristu
Justin akaita gakava reruzhinji muRoma nevazivi vaviri: Marcion, munyengeri, naCrescens, mutsoropodzi. Nhoroondo ine kuti Justin akakunda Crescens munhangemutange yavo, uye akakuvadzwa nekurasikirwa kwake, Crescens akataura Justin nevatanhatu vevadzidzi vake kuRustico, mutungamiriri weRome.
Mune nhoroondo ya165 AD yemuyedzo, Rusticus akabvunza Justin nevamwe mibvunzo nezve zvavaitenda. Justin akapfupisa pfupiso yedzidziso yechiKirisitu uye nevamwe vese vakareurura kuti vaive vaKristu. Rusticus akabva avaraira kuti vape zvibayiro kuna vamwari vevaRoma uye ivo vakaramba.
Rusticus akarayira kuti varohwe uye vagurwa musoro. Justin akati: "Kuburikidza nemunamato, tinokwanisa kuponeswa nekuda kwaIshe wedu Jesu Kristu, kunyangwe patarangwa, nekuti izvi zvichaita isu kuponeswa nekuvimba muchigaro chekutonga kwakanyanya uye kwese kwaIshe wedu neMuponesi".
Nhaka yaJustin
Justin Martyr, muzana ramakore rechipiri, akaedza kuvharidzira musiyano uri pakati pehunyanzvi nechitendero. Munguva inotevera mushure mekufa kwake, zvakadaro, akarwiswa nekuti akange asiri muuzivi wechokwadi kana muKristu wechokwadi. Muchokwadi, akafunga kutsvaga kwechokwadi kana huri nani uzivi uye akagamuchira chiKristu nekuda kwenhaka yake yechiporofita uye kuchena kwetsika.
Runyoro rwake rwakasiya rondedzero yakadzama yevazhinji vekutanga, pamwe nekurudziro yeVanhu vatatu munaMwari mumwe - Baba, Mwanakomana neMweya Mutsvene - makore Tertullian asati atanga pfungwa yeUtatu. Kuzvidzivirira kwaJustin kubva pachiKristu kwakasimbisa hutsika uye hutsika zvakakwirira kupfuura Plastonism.
Zvingadai zvakatora makore anopfuura zana nemashanu kubva pakuurayiwa kwaJustin Chikristu chisati chagamuchirwa uye kunyange chakasimudzirwa muumambo hweRoma. Nekudaro, akapa muenzaniso wemurume aivimba nezvipikirwa zvaJesu Kristu uye akatopira hupenyu hwake pazviri.