Biography yeSant'Agostino
St. Augustine, bhishopi weHippo kuchamhembe kweAfrica (kubvira 354 kusvika 430 AD), aive mumwe weakanaka ekereke dzechiKristu dzekutanga, mudzidzi wezvechitendero uyo mazano avo akapesana nevaKatorike nevaPurotesitendi veRoma zvachose.
Asi Augustine haana kuuya kuchiKristu nemugwagwa uri nyore. Achiri mudiki akatanga kutsvaga chokwadi muuzivi hwevahedheni uye nemanamatiro akakurumbira enguva yake. Hupenyu hwake mudiki hwaivewo hwakaisirwa nehupombwe. Nyaya yekutendeuka kwake, inotaurwa mubhuku rake Confidence, ndeimwe yeuchapupu hukuru hwechiKristu pane imwe nguva.
Nzira yakakombama yaAugustine
Agostino akaberekwa muna 354 muThagaste, mudunhu reNorth Africa yeNumidia, nhasi Algeria. Baba vake, Patrizio, aive muhedheni aishanda uye akaponesa kuitira kuti mwanakomana wake awane dzidzo yakanaka. Monica, amai vake, aive muKristu akazvipira aigara achinamatira mwanakomana wake.
Kubva pane dzidzo yekutanga mutaundi yokumusha kwake, Augustine akatanga kudzidza zvinyorwa zvechinyakare, ndokuenda kuCarthage kunodzidzisa mune zvekunze, akatsigirwa nemumwe anobatsira anonzi Romanian. Kambani yakaipa yakonzera maitiro akaipa. Augustine akatora mudiwa ndokubereka mwanakomana, Adeodatus, akafa muna 390 AD
Achitungamirirwa nenzara yake yeuchenjeri, Augustine akave Manichean. Manichaeism, yakavambwa nemuzivi wePezhiya Mani (kubvira 216 kusvika 274 AD), akadzidzisa dualism, kupatsanurana kwakakamurwa pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa. SaGnosticism, chinamato ichi chakataura kuti ruzivo rwakavanzika ndiyo nzira yekuponeswa. Akaedza kusanganisa dzidziso dzaBuddha, Zoroaster uye Jesu Kristu.
Panguva ino, Monica akange anyengeterera kushandurwa kwemwanakomana wake. Izvi zvakazoitika muna 387, Agostino paakabhabhatidzwa naAmbrogio, bhishopi weMilan, Italy. Augustine akadzokera kumusha kwake kuTaggaste, akagadzwa kuve mupristi uye makore mashoma akazogadzwa kuva bhishopi weguta reHippo.
Augustine aive neuchenjeri hwehungwaru asi akaramba aine hupenyu hwakareruka, hwakafanana chaizvo nemamongi. Akakurudzira dzimba dzemamongi nezvipfuyo mukati mebhishopi wake mu Africa uye achigara achigamuchira vaenzi vanogona kuita hurukuro dzakadzidza. Izvo zvakashanda zvakanyanya semupristi weparamende pane senge bhishopi wakabviswa, asi muhupenyu hwake hwese aigara achinyora.
Zvakanyorwa pamwoyo yedu
Augustine akadzidzisa kuti muTesitamende yekare (Sungano Yekare), mutemo waive kunze kwedu, wakanyorwa pamahwendefa amabwe, iyo Mirayiro Gumi. Iwo iwo mutemo waisakwanisa kuisa ruramisiro, chete kudarika.
MuTestamente Itsva, kana Chipangano Chitsva, mutemo wakanyorwa mukati medu, mumoyo medu, akadaro, uye isu tinoitwa vatsvene kubudikidza nekuisa kwenyasha dzaMwari uye nerudo rwevaape.
Kuti kururamisira hakubvi pamabasa edu, zvakadaro, asi tinokunda isu kubudikidza nerufu rwekuregererwa rwaJesu pamuchinjiko, uyo wenyasha dzake dzinouya kwatiri kubudikidza neMweya Mutsvene, kuburikidza nekutenda uye nekubhapatidzwa.
Augustine akatenda kuti nyasha dzaKristu hadziverengerwe ku account yedu kugadzirisa zvivi zvedu, asi kuti zvinotibatsira kuchengeta mutemo. Tinoziva kuti hatigone kuremekedza mutemo isu, saka tinotungamirwa kuna Kristu. Nenyasha, isu hatichengete mutemo kunze kwekutya, sepasungano yeKare, asi nerudo, akadaro.
Muhupenyu hwake hwese, Augustine akanyora nezve chimiro chechivi, Utatu, rusununguko rwekuzvisarudzira uye nemweya yekutadza yemunhu, masakaramende uye kuratidzwa kwaMwari. Kufunga kwake kwaive kwakakura zvekuti mazano ake mazhinji akapa hwaro hwechiKristu dzidziso kumazana emakore achauya.
Simba rinosvika pana Augustine
Mabasa maviri aAugustine anozivikanwa ndeekureurura uye Guta raMwari. Muzvibvumirano, anotaurira nyaya yehupombwe hwake uye amai vake vaine hanya zvakanyanya nemweya wake. Anopfupisa rudo rwake kuna Kristu, achiti, "Saka ini ndogona kumira kushungurudzika mukati mangu uye ndiwane mufaro mamuri."
Guta raMwari, rakanyorwa kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwaAugustine, raive mune chimwe chokudzivirira kwechiKristu muhushe hweRoma. Emperor Theodosius vakaita chiKristu chitatu chinamato chepamutemo muumambo hwacho muna 390. Makore makumi maviri gare gare, veVisigoth barbarians, vachitungamirirwa naAlicic I, vakapamba Roma. Varoma vazhinji vakapomera chiKristu, vachipokana kuti kubva kuna vamwari vekare vechiRoma ndiko kwavakakunda. Guta rose raMwari rinosiyanisa maguta epanyika nedenga.
Paaive bhishopi weHippo, Mutsvene Augustine akatanga dzimba dzemamongi dzevarume nevakadzi. Akanyora zvakare mutemo, kana seti yemirairo, yemaitiro emamonita nemarenji. Pakanga pasina kusvika muna 1244 apo boka remamongi nemahermie rakapinda muItari uye iyo Order of St. Augustine yakavambwa, vachishandisa iwo mutemo.
Makore 270 gare gare, muvhi weAugustine, zvakare mudzidzi weBhaibheri saAugustine, akapandukira marongero mazhinji nedzidziso dzechechi yeRoma Katurike. Ainzi Martin Luther uye akave munhu akakosha mune Shanduko yePurotesitendi.