ChiBhudha uye zvebonde
Vakadzi vechiBuddhist, kusanganisira vananyamu, vakatambura kusarura kwakasimba nemasangano echiBhudha muAsia kwemazana emakore. Kune kusaenzana kwevakadzi mune zvakawanda zvezvitendero zvepasi rose, hongu, asi hachisi chikonzero. Kuita zvepabonde kwakabatana neBuddhism here kana kuti vane maBuddhist masisitori anobvisa hukama kubva mutsika dzeAsia? ChiBuddha chinogona kubata vakadzi sevakaringana uye voramba vari Buddhism here?
Iyo yenhoroondo Buddha uye maiguru ekutanga
Ngatitangei kubva pakutanga, neiyo mbiri Buddha. Sekureva kwaPali Vinaya nemamwe magwaro ekutanga, Buddha pakutanga airamba kumisikidza vakadzi sevanatete. Akataura kuti kutendera vakadzi kupinda muSangha kuchaita chete kuti dzidziso dzake dzirarame kwehafu - makore mazana mashanu panzvimbo pemazana.
Tete vaBuddha Ananda vakabvunza kana paine chikonzero nei vakadzi vasingakwanise kuvhenekera uye kupinda muNirvana pamwe nevarume. Buddha akabvuma kuti pakanga pasina chikonzero nei mukadzi asingakwanise kuvhenekerwa. "Vanhukadzi, Ananda, mushure mekugona kuita, vanokwanisa kuziva chibereko chekusvika pakuyerera kana muchero wekudzoka kana muchero wevasina kudzoka kana arahant," akadaro.
Iyi ndiyo nyaya, zvisinei. Vamwe vanyori venhau vanoti nyaya iyi yakaitwa yakanyorwa mumavhesi gare gare nemuparidzi asingazivikanwe. Ananda aive achiri mwana pakagadzwa masisitere ekutanga, saka aigona kunge asina kugona kuraira Buddha chaizvo.
Iwo magwaro ekutanga anotiwo vamwe vevakadzi vaive vanatete vekutanga vechiBhudha vakarumbidzwa naBuddha nekuda kwehungwaru hwavo uye nekujekeserwa kwakawanda kwakaitwa.
Mitemo isina kukwana
Vinaya-pitaka inorekodha mirairo yekutanga yechirango kune mamongi uye nasisi. A bhikkuni (nun) ine mitemo mukuwedzera kune iyo yakapihwa bhikku (monk). Yakanyanya kukosha yemirairo iyi inonzi Otto Garudhammas ("Mitemo inorema"). Izvi zvinosanganisira kuzviisa pasi zvizere kune mamongi; maiguru vakuru vanofanirwa kunzi "junior" kune mumwe wezuva rimwe chete.
Vamwe vadzidzi vanonongedzera kusiyana pakati pePali Bhikkuni Vinaya (chikamu chePali Canon icho chinobata nemirairo yavanatenzi) nedzimwe shanduro dzezvinyorwa uye vanokurudzira kuti mitemo inovenga zvikuru yakawedzerwa mushure mekufa kwaBuddha. Kwese kwavakabva, kwemazana emakore mitemo yacho yaishandiswa munzvimbo zhinji dzeAsia kushomesa vakadzi kubva kugadzwa.
Pakafa vazhinji vevasori akafa mazana emakore apfuura, vachengetedzi vakashandisa mitemo yaida kuti kuvepo kwemamongi uye masisitita akagadzwa pakugadzwa kwavanatete kudzivirira vakadzi kubva pakugadzwa. Kana pasina masisititi ekugara akarongeka, maererano nemirairo, panogona kusave nemunis. Izvi zvakanyatsogumisa kugadzwa kwakazara kwavanatete mumirairo yeTheravada yeSoutheast Asia; vakadzi vanogona chete kuve ma-novices. Uye hapana nun Order yakambomisikidzwa muTibetan Buddhism, kunyange paine vamwe veTibetan lama vakadzi.
Iko kune, zvisinei, kurongeka kweMahayana masisitina muChina neTaiwan vanogona kutevedza mutsara wavo kune iyo yekutanga kugadzwa kwavasista. Vamwe vakadzi vakagadzwa savanasekuru veTravada pamberi pevasina veMahayana, kunyange izvi zvichikakavara mune mamwe madzviti emadzishe emamongi eTravada.
Nekudaro, vakadzi vakave nechokuita neBuddhism. Ndakaudzwa kuti vananoti veTaiwan vanofarira chinzvimbo chepamusoro munyika mavo kupfuura mamongi. Tsika yeZen zvakare ine vamwe vanotyisa vakadzi veZen vadzidzisi munhoroondo yayo.
Vakadzi vanogona kupinda muNirvana?
Dzidziso dzechiBhudha pakuvhenekerwa kwevakadzi zvinopesana. Iko hakuna chinzvimbo chesimba chinotaura kune vese maBhudha. Zvikoro zvine zviuru nemasekete hazviitevedze iwo magwaro akafanana; zvinyorwa zvepakati mune zvimwe zvikoro hazvizivikanwe sechokwadi nevamwe. Uye magwaro haabvumirani.
Semuenzaniso, Sukhavati-vyuha Sutra mukurusa, anonzi Aparimitayur Sutra, ndeimwe yemasutras matatu anopa dzidziso hwaro hwePure Land chikoro. Iyi sutra ine ndima inowanzodudzirwa nenzira yekuti vakadzi vanofanira kuberekwa patsva se varume vasati vapinda muNirvana. Aya mafungiro anoonekwa nguva nenguva mune mamwe Mahayana magwaro, kunyange ini ndisiri kuziva kuti iri mune Pali Canon.
Kune rimwe divi, iyo Sutra Vimalakirti inodzidzisa kuti hutachiona uye hukadzi, sekumwe kusiyana kwakakura, chaiko kuri kwechokwadi. "Ne izvo mupfungwa, Buddha akati," Muzvinhu zvese, hapana murume kana mukadzi. " Vimilakirti chinyorwa chakakosha muzvikoro zvinoverengeka zveMahayana, kusanganisira chiTibetan neZen Buddhism.
"Wese munhu anowana Dharma nenzira imwechete"
Pasinei nezvipingamupinyi zvakanangana navo, munhoroondo yese yechiBhudha, vakadzi vazhinji vakawana ruremekedzo nekuda kwekunzwisisa kwavo dharma.
Ndatotaura vakadzi veZen master. Munguva yegoridhe yeChan (Zen) Buddhism (China, dzakatenderedza 7th-9th century) vakadzi vaidzidza nevadzidzisi vechirume, uye vamwe vaizivikanwa sevadyi venhaka vaDharma uye vatungamiriri veChan. Izvi zvinosanganisira Liu Tiemo, anonzi "Iron Grindstone"; Moshan; uye Miaoxin. Moshan aive mudzidzisi wemamongi nemarenzi.
Eihei Dogen (1200-1253) akauya Soto Zen kubva kuChina kuenda kuJapan uye ndiye mumwe wevanatenzi vanoremekedzwa munhoroondo yeZen. Muhurukuro inonzi Raihai Tokuzui, Dogen akati, "Mukuwana dharma, munhu wese anowana dharma nenzira imwe chete. Wese munhu anofanira kubhadhara rukudzo uye kufunga avo vakawana iyo dharma. Usabvunze kuti murume kana mukadzi. Uyu ndiwo mutemo unoshamisa kwazvo we buddha-dharma. "
Buddhism nhasi
Mazuva ano, vakadzi vechiBuddha kuMadokero kazhinji vanoona zvechisimba zvepabonde sechivharo chetsika yeAsia iyo inogona kubviswa nekudharma. Mamwe ekumadokero eodhisheni maodhesiti anoenderana, nevarume nevakadzi vachitevera iwo mimwe mitemo.
“MuAsia, mirairo yavananyanduri iri kushandira zvirinani uye dzidzo, asi munyika dzakawanda vachiri nedanho refu rekufamba. Mazana emakore okusarura haazombodzimwa husiku humwe. Kuenzana kuchawedzera kurwira mune zvimwe zvikoro uye tsika kupfuura mune zvimwe, asi pane zvinokurudzira kuenda kune zvakaenzana uye ini handioni chikonzero chekuti kukurudzira uku hakuenderere mberi.