Buddhism: iro basa raDalai Lama mune yechitendero chechiBhudha
Hutsvene hwake Dalai Lama anowanzo kutaurwa muWestern media se "Mwari-Mambo". VokuMadokero vanoudzwa kuti akasiyana maDalai Lamas akatonga Tibet kwemazana emakore anga ari ekuzvarwa patsva kwete chete kune mumwe nemumwe asiwo mwari weTibetan wetsitsi, Chenrezig.
VokuMadokero vane ruzivo rwechiBhudha vanowana izvi zvitendero zveTibetan zvichishamisa. Chekutanga, chiBuddha kumwe kunhu muAsia "hachisi chechitendero" mupfungwa yekuti hachienderani nekutenda kuna mwari. Chechipiri, chiBuddha chinodzidzisa kuti hapana chinhu chine hunhu hwemukati Saka munhu anogona sei "kuberekwazve"?
Buddhism uye kuberekwa patsva
Kuzvarwa patsva kunowanzo tsanangurwa se "kuberekwazve kwemweya kana chikamu chayo mukati memumwe muviri" Asi chiBuddha chakavakirwa padzidziso yemunhu, anonziwo anatta, iyo inoramba kuvapo kwemweya kana kwekusingaperi, wega wega. Maona ”Ndeipi iyo Yayo? ”Kuti uwane tsananguro yakadzama.
Kana pasina mweya wechigarire kana wega, munhu anogona sei kuzvarwa patsva? Uye mhinduro ndeyekuti hapana anogona kuberekwazve sezvo izwi iri rinowanzo kunzwisiswa nevekuMadokero. Buddhism inodzidzisa kuti pane kuzvarwa patsva, asi haasi iye akasarudzika munhu anozvarwa patsva. Ona "Karma uye kuberekwazve" kuti uwane imwe hurukuro.
Masimba nemauto
Mazana emakore apfuura, apo chiBuddha chakapararira kuenda kuAsia, zvitendero zvepamberi zveBuddhist mune vanamwari vemuno zvaiwanzo kupinda mumasangano echiBhudha emuno. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kuTibet. Vazhinji vanhu vevanhu vengano kubva kune pre-Buddhist Bon chitendero vanogara muTibetan Buddhist iconography.
VaTibetan vasiya dzidziso yaAnatman? Kwete chaizvo. VaTibetan vanoona zviitiko zvese sekusika kwepfungwa. Iyi dzidziso yakanangana nefilosofi inonzi Yogacara uye inowanikwa muzvikoro zvakawanda zveMahayana Buddhism, kwete chete chiTibetan Buddhism.
VaTibetan vanotenda kuti kana vanhu nezvimwe zviitiko zviri zvisikwa zvepfungwa, uye vamwari nemadhimoni zvisikwa zvepfungwa, saka vamwari nemadhimoni havachisiri vechokwadi kupfuura hove, shiri nevanhu. Mike Wilson anotsanangura, kuti: "VaBuddha veTibetan mazuva ano vanonamata kuna vamwari uye vanoshandisa mashura, saBon, uye vanodavira kuti nyika isingaonekwe yakazara nemarudzi ese emasimba nemasimba izvo zvisingafanirwe kurerutswa, kunyangwe zviri zviitiko zvepfungwa zvisina munhu wemukati ".
Simba risingapfuure rehuMwari
Izvi zvinotisvitsa kumubvunzo unoshanda wekuti simba raitongwa naDalai Lamas raive nesimba ripi pamberi pekuvhozhokerwa neChina muna 1950. Kunyange hazvo zvichitaurwa, Dalai Lama aive nesimba rehumwari, mukuita aifanira kusimbisa kukwikwidzana kwemapoka uye kupokana nevapfumi uye ane simba sevamwe vezvematongerwo enyika. Pane humbowo hwekuti mamwe maDalai Lamas akaurayiwa nemachechi vavengi. Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana, ivo vaviri chete Dalai Lamas pamberi payo aripo ainyatso shanda sevatungamiriri venyika vaive ve5 Dalai Lama uye wechi13 Dalai Lama.
Kune zvikoro zvikuru zvitanhatu zveTibetan Buddhism: Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, Gelug, Jonang naBonpo. Dalai Lama ndiye akagadzwa monk weimwe yeiyi, chikoro cheGelug. Kunyangwe ari iye wepamusoro chinzvimbo chemaama muchikoro cheGelug, iye zviri pamutemo haasi iye mutungamiri. Rukudzo irworwo rwemumwe mukuru akasarudzwa anonzi Ganden Tripa. Kunyangwe ari iye mutungamiri wezvemweya wevanhu veTibetan, haana mvumo yekumisa dzidziso kana maitiro kunze kwechikoro cheGellug.
Wese munhu ndiMwari, hapana mwari
Kana iyo Dalai Lama iko kuberekwazve kana kuberekwa patsva kana kuratidzwa kwamwari, hazvingamuite iye anopfuura munhu mumaziso evaTibetan? Zvinoenderana nekuti izwi rekuti "mwari" rinonzwisiswa sei uye rinoshandiswa sei.
ChiTibetan Buddhism inoshandisa zvakanyanya tantra yoga, iyo inosanganisira dzakasiyana siyana tsika uye maitiro. Padanho rayo rekutanga, tantra yoga muBuddhism iri pamusoro pekuziva huMwari. Kubudikidza nekufungisisa, kurira uye mimwe miitiro, iyo tantric inoisa mukati mwari uye inova huMwari, kana zvirinani kuratidza izvo huMwari hunomiririra.
Semuenzaniso, kudzidzira tantra namwari wetsitsi kwaizomutsa tsitsi mu tantricka. Mune ino kesi, zvinogona kuve zvakanyanya kufunga nezvevamwari vakasiyana-siyana sechinhu chakafanana neyeJungian archetypes pane zvisikwa chaizvo.
Pamusoro pezvo, muMahayana Buddhism zvisikwa zvese kuratidzwa kana maficha ezvimwe zvisikwa uye zvese zvisikwa zviri Buddha-zvakasikwa. Isa imwe nzira, isu tiri tese - mumwe mwari, Buddha, zvisikwa.
Maitiro aDalai Lama akave mutongi weTibet
Yaiva yechishanu Dalai Lama, Lobsang Gyatso (5-1617), uyo akatanga kuve mutongi weTibet yese. "Mukuru Wechishanu" akaumba mubatanidzwa wemauto nemutungamiri weMongolia Gushri Khan. Apo vamwe vatungamiriri vaviri veMongolia uye mutongi weKang, humambo hwekare muCentral Asia, vakapinda muTibet, Gushri Khan akavakunda ndokuzviti ndiye mambo weTibet. Nekudaro Gushri Khan akaziva wechishanu Dalai Lama semutungamiri wezvemweya uye wezvematongerwo enyika weTibet.
Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei, mushure meGreat Fifth, kutevera kwaDalai Lama kwaive kwakanyanya kuve musoro pasina simba chairo kusvika 13th Dalai Lama yatora simba muna 1895.
MunaNovember 2007, wechi14 Dalai Lama akataura kuti angangozvarwa patsva, kana kuti aigona kusarudza anotevera Dalai Lama achiri mupenyu. Izvi zvaisazove zvisinganzwe zvachose, nekuti muchiBuddha mutsara nguva inoonekwa sekunyepedzera uye nekuti kuberekwa patsva hazvisi chaiko munhu. Ini ndinonzwisisa kuti pane mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu umo nyowani nyowani yakazvarwa isati yatanga yafa.
Hutsvene hwake hune hanya kuti maChinese vachasarudza nekuisa iyo 15th Dalai Lama, sezvavakaita nePanchen Lama. Iyo Panchen Lama ndiye wechipiri wepamusoro mutungamiriri wemweya muTibet.
Musi waMay 14, 1995, iyo Dalai Lama yakaratidza mukomana ane makore matanhatu okuberekwa anonzi Gedhun Choekyi Nyima seyegumi nerimwe rekuzvarwa patsva kwePanchen Lama. Musi waMay 17, mukomana nevabereki vake vakachengetwa muChina. Havana kumboonekwa kana kunzwikwa kubva ipapo. Hurumende yeChina yakagadza mumwe mukomana, Gyaltsen Norbu, semukuru wechi1995 Panchen Lama ndokumuendesa pachigaro munaNovember XNUMX.
Hapana sarudzo yakaitwa panguva ino, asi zvakapihwa mamiriro muTibet, zvinokwanisika kuti kumisikidzwa kweDalai Lama kuchapera panofa 14 Dalai Lama.