Buddhism: chii chaunoda kuziva nezve ma Buddhist monks
Mumiriri wechiBuddhist monya akapfeka orenji ava chiratidzo chemuMadokero. Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi yemamongi echiBhudha ane chisimba muBurma anoratidza kuti hadziwanzo nguva dzese. Uye kwete wese munhu anopfeka hembe dzeorenji. Vamwe vacho havatongori vatengesi vanogara mumamongi.
Mumwe muBuddhist monk ibhiksu (Sanskrit) kana bhikkhu (pali), ndinotenda izwi rokuti pali rinoshandiswa kakawanda. Inodudzwa (inenge) bi-KOO. Bhikkhu zvinoreva chimwe chinhu senge "mupemhi".
Kunyangwe iyo nhoroondo yeBuddha yakanga yaisa vadzidzi, chiBuddha chekutanga chaive chechimoniki. Kubva pane hwaro hweBuddhism, monastic sangha chave chiri chekutanga mudziyo wakachengetedza kutendeka kwedharma uye ndokuchipfuudza kuzvizvarwa zvitsva. Kwemazana emakore mamonki aive vadzidzisi, vadzidzi uye vafundisi.
Kusiyana nemamonki mazhinji echiKristu, bhikkhu akagadzwa zvizere kana bhikkhuni (nun) zvakare akaenzana nemupristi muBuddhism. Tarisa "Buddhist vs Christian Monasticism" kuti uwanezve kuenzanisa pakati pevatendi vechiKristu nevaBhudha.
Kugadzwa kwetsika yedzinza
Iwo wekutanga odhiyo bhikkhus uye bhikkhunis yakagadzwa neyezvakaitika kare Buddha. Zvinoenderana netsika yechiBhudha, pakange pasina mhemberero yekugadzwa pakutanga. Asi sezvo huwandu hwevadzidzi hwakawedzera, Buddha akatora nzira dzakaomarara, kunyanya kana vanhu vakagadzwa nevadzidzi vakuru mukushayikwa kwaBuddha.
Chimwe chezvikamu zvakakosha zvakanyanya zvinonzi zvakataurwa naBuddha ndechekuti bhikkhus akagadzwa zvizere aifanira kuve aripo pakugadzwa kwebhikkhus uye akagadzwa zvizere bhikkhus uye bhikkhunis pakugadzwa kwebhikkhunis. Kana ikaitwa, izvi zvinogadzira mutsara usingamerwe wezvigadziriso zvakadzokera kuBuddha.
Ichi chirevo chakagadzira tsika yedzinza rinoremekedzwa - kana kwete - nanhasi. Haasi ese mirairo yevafundisi muBuddhism vanoti vakaramba vari mutsika yedzinza, asi vamwe vanodaro.
Zvizhinji zveTheravada Buddhism inofungidzirwa kuti yakachengeta mutsara usingaputsike kune bhikkhus asi kwete bhikkhunis, saka munzvimbo zhinji dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia vakadzi vanonyimwa kugadzwa kuzere nekuti hapasisina vakagadzwa zvizere bhikkhunis kuenda kumisangano. . Kune dambudziko rakafanana muTibetan Buddhism nekuti zvinoita sekunge mitsara yeBhikkhuni haina kumbopfuudzwa kuTibet.
Vinaya
Mitemo yemirairo yemamongi yakapihwa kuna Buddha inochengetwa muVinaya kana Vinaya-pitaka, rimwe rematatu "mabhasikiti" eTipitaka. Sezvazvinowanzoitika, zvakadaro, pane inopfuura imwe vhezheni yeVinaya.
Theravada Buddhist inotevera Pali Vinaya. Zvimwe zvikoro zveMahayana zvinotevera dzimwe shanduro dzakachengetedzwa mune mamwe masekete ekutanga eBuddhism. Uye zvimwe zvikoro, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero kana chimwe, hazvichatevera chero izere vhezheni yeVinaya.
Semuenzaniso, iyo Vinaya (dzese shanduro, ini ndinotenda) dzinoda kuti mamonki nemasisita vanyatsoroora. Asi muzana ramakore rechi19, mambo weJapan akabvisa kusaroora muumambo hwake uye akaraira mamonki kuti varoore. Nhasi uno mumongi wechiJapan anowanzotarisirwa kuroora uye abereka mamonki madiki.
Makumi maviri ekuraira
Mushure mekufa kwaBuddha, monastic sangha akagamuchira mhemberero mbiri dzekugadza. Yekutanga mhando yekuraira kwevanotanga iyo inowanzo kunzi "kubva pamba" kana "kubuda". Kazhinji, mwana anofanira kunge aine makore masere ekuberekwa kuti ave mucheche,
Kana novice asvika zera ramakore makumi maviri, anogona kukumbira kugadzwa kuzere. Kazhinji, zvido zvemadzitateguru zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro zvinongoshanda kuzadzisa maodha, kwete ekutanga odha. Mazhinji emitemo yemamongi echiBuddha akachengeta imwe nzira yeaviri-tier ekugadzika system.
Hapana imwe yemirairo inofanirwa kuzvipira kwehupenyu hwese. Kana munhu achida kudzoka kuzoradzika hupenyu, anogona kuzviita. Semuenzaniso, iyo yechitanhatu Dalai Lama akasarudza kusiya kugadzwa kwake uye achirarama semweya wetsvina, zvakadaro aive achiri iye Dalai Lama.
Munyika dzeTheravadin dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia, kune tsika yekare yevechidiki kutora kugadzwa kwevanotanga uye kurarama semamonki kwenguva pfupi, dzimwe nguva kwemazuva mashoma chete, vozodzoka kuzoisa hupenyu.
Hupenyu hweMonastiki nebasa
Mirairo yekutanga yemonic yakakumbira chikafu chavo uye vakapedza yakawanda yenguva yavo mukufungisisa nekudzidza. Theravada Buddhism inoenderera neiyi tsika. Bhikkhus inotsamira pamabond ekurarama. Munyika zhinji dzeTheravada, maanovice masisito asina tariro yekugadzwa zvakakwana anofanira kuve machinda emamongi.
Buddhism payakasvika kuChina, mamongi akazviwana ave mutsika isingatenderi kukumbira. Nechikonzero ichi, Mahayana mamonasteri ave achizviriritira sezvazvinogona uye mabasa epamba - kubika, kuchenesa, kurima gadheni - ave chikamu chedzidziso yemamoniki uye kwete yezvekutanga chete.
Munguva dzazvino, hazvisi kunzwika kuti yakarongedzwa bhikkhus uye bhikkhunis yekugara kunze kwemamongi uye kuchengeta basa. MuJapan uye mimwe maTibetan mirairo, vangangogara nemuroora uye vana.
Nezve zvipfeko
Nguo dzechiBhudha dzemamongi dzinouya nemavara mazhinji, kubva pamoto weorenji, maroon uye yero, kusvika kune nhema. Ivo vanouyawo mune akawanda masitaera. Iyo iconic monk's orange fudzi nhamba inowanzoonekwa chete muSoutheast Asia.