Kumba zvinoreva "kusarudzwa" kwemaJuda
Zvinoenderana nekutenda kwechiJuda, maJuda ndivo vakasarudzwa nekuti vakasarudzwa kuita kuti nyika izive nezve pfungwa yemumwe mwari. Izvo zvese zvakatanga naAbrahama, ane hukama naMwari pachivanhu hwakaturikirwa nenzira mbiri: kana Mwari akasarudza Abrahama kuti aparadzire pfungwa yekunamata mwari mumwe, kana Abrahama akasarudza Mwari pakati pevamwari vese vainamatwa panguva yake. Zvakadaro, pfungwa ye "sarudzo" yaireva kuti Abrahama nevazukuru vake ndivo vaive nebasa rekugovana shoko raMwari nevamwe.
Hukama hwaMwari naAbhurahama pamwe nevaIsraeri
Sei Mwari naAbrahama vaine hukama hwakakosha muTora? Chinyorwa hachitauri. Zvirokwazvo kwete nekuti vaIsraeri (avo vakazozivikanwa sevaJuda) vaive rudzi rune simba. Chokwadi, Dhuteronomi 7: 7 inoti: "Hakusi nekuti muri vazhinji kuti Mwari akakusarudzai, asi imi ndimi vadiki pane vanhu."
Kunyangwe hazvo nyika ine uto rakakura rakamira ingave yaive sarudzo ine musoro yekuparadzira shoko raMwari, budiriro yevakasimba vanhu vakadaro ingadai yakaverengerwa nesimba ravo, kwete nesimba raMwari. Pfungwa inogona kuoneka kwete chete mukupona kwevanhu vechiJuda kusvika nhasi uno, asiwo mumaonero ezvitendero zvechiKristu neIslam, zvese zviri zviviri zvinokanganiswa nekutenda kwechiJuda muna Mwari mumwe.
Moses neGomo reSinai
Chimwe chikamu chesarudzo chine chekuita nekutambirwa kweTora naMosesi nevaIsraeri paGomo reSinai. Nechikonzero ichi, maJuda vanodzokorora chikomborero chinonzi Birkat HaTorah pamberi parabhi kana mumwe munhu achiverenga kubva muTora panguva yebasa. Mutsara wechikomborero unotaura nezvesarudzo uye woti: "Takakurumbidzai, Adonai Mwari wedu, Changamire wenyika, nekutisarudza kubva kumarudzi ese uye nekutipa iyo Torah yaMwari." Kune chikamu chechipiri chemaropafadzo icho chinoverengwa mushure mekuverengwa kweTora, asi hazvireve kusarudzo.
Kududzira kusiri iko kwesarudzo
Pfungwa yesarudzo yakagara isinganzwisiswi nevasiri maJuda sekuzivisa kwekukunda kana kunyangwe rusaruro. Asi dzidziso yekuti maJuda ndivo vakasarudzwa hainei nechekuita nedzinza kana dzinza. Naizvozvo, sarudzo ine chekuita nerudzi zvekuti maJuda anotenda kuti Mesia achaburuka kubva kuna Rute, mukadzi wechiMoabhu akatendeukira kuchiJuda uye ane nyaya yakanyorwa mubhuku reBhaibheri ra "Rute".
MaJuda havatende kuti kuve nhengo yeVanhu Vakasarudzwa kunovapa matarenda akasarudzika kana kuvaita vari nani kupfuura chero ani zvake. Panyaya yesarudzo, Bhuku raAmosi rinotosvika pakuti: “Imi chete ndimi mandakasarudza kubva kumhuri dzese dzepanyika. Ndokusaka ndichikukoka kuti utsanangure zvakaipa zvako zvese ”(Amosi 3: 2). Nenzira iyi, maJuda anodaidzwa kuti vave "mwenje kumarudzi" (Isaya 42: 6) nekuita zvakanaka munyika kuburikidza gemilut hasidim (zviito zvemutsa worudo) uye tikkun olam (kugadzirisa nyika). Zvisinei, maJuda mazhinji azvino uno vanonzwa kusagadzikana nezwi rekuti "Vanhu Vakasarudzwa". Zvichida nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakafanana, Maimonides (muzivi wechiJudha wepakati) haana kuinyora mune ake 13 Anokosha Maitiro Ekutenda kwechiJuda.
Pfungwa pamusoro pesarudzo yekufamba kwakasiyana kwemaJuda
Iwo mafambiro makuru matatu echiJuda - Reform Judaism, Conservative Judaism, uye Orthodox Orthodox - zvinotsanangudza pfungwa yevanhu vakasarudzwa nenzira dzinotevera:
Chinja chiJuda chinoona zano reVanhu Vakasarudzwa semufananidzo wesarudzo dzatinoita muhupenyu hwedu. MaJuda ese maJuda nesarudzo sezvo munhu wega wega achifanira kutora danho, pane imwe nguva muhupenyu hwavo, kuti vade here kana kurarama kwete maJuda. Sezvo Mwari akasarudza kupa Torah kuvaIsraeri, maJuda emazuva ano vanofanirwa kusarudza kana vachida kuva nehukama naMwari.
ChiJudha chinodzora chinoona pfungwa yesarudzo senhaka yakasarudzika maJuda vanokwanisa kupinda muhukama naMwari uye nekuchinja shanduko munyika nekubatsira kugadzira nzanga.
Orthodox Orthodox inocherechedza pfungwa yevakasarudzwa vanhu seyomweya yekudana inosunga maJuda kuna Mwari kuburikidza neTorah uye mizvot, kune iyo maJuda yakarairwa kuve chikamu chehupenyu hwavo.