Chii chinonzi Hanukkah kumaJuda?
Hanukkah (dzimwe nguva inoshandurwa Chanukah) izororo revaJudha rinoitirwa kwemazuva masere nousiku masere. Inotanga musi wa25 mwedzi weChihebheru weKislev, unoenderana nekupera kwaNovember-kupera kwaDecember yekarenda renyika.
MuchiHeberu, izwi rekuti "hanukkah" rinoreva "kuzvipira". Zita iri rinotiyeuchidza kuti zororo iri nderekurangarira kukumikidzwa kutsva kwetemberi tsvene muJerusarema zvichitevera kukunda kwevaJudha pamusoro pevaSyria Greek muna 165 BC.
Nyaya yaHanukkah
Muna 168 BCE, tembere yechiJuda yakakundwa nemasoja eSyria-Greek uye yakatsaurirwa kunamatwa kwamwari Zeus. Izvi zvakavhundutsa vanhu vechiJuda, asi vazhinji vakatya kuita nekutya kurangwa. Zvino muna 167 BC mambo wechiGreek neSyria Antiochus akaita kuti kuchengetwa kwechiJuda kurangwe nerufu. Akarairawo maJuda ese kuti vanamate vamwari vechiGiriki.
Kuramba kwemaJuda kwakatanga mumusha weModiin, padyo neJerusarema. Masoja echiGreek akamanikidza misha yevaJudha ndokuvaudza kuti vapfugamire chifananidzo, vobva vadya nyama yenguruve, tsika dzese dzairambidzwa kuvaJuda. Mumwe mupurisa wechiGreek akaraira Mattathias, mupristi mukuru, kuti aite zvavakakumbira, asi Mattathias akaramba. Apo mumwe mugari wemo akauya pamberi ndokuzvipira kushandira pamwe vakamirira Mattathias, Mupirisita Mukuru akatsamwa. Akadhonza bakatwa rake ndokuuraya munhu wemuraini, ndokubatidza mukuru wechiGreek ndokumuurayawo. Vanakomana vake vashanu nevamwe vemuraini vakabva varwisa varwi vakasara, vachivauraya vese.
Mattathias nemhuri yake vakahwanda mumakomo, apo mamwe maJuda akabatana aida kurwisa nemaGreek. Pakupedzisira, vakakwanisa kuwanisazve nyika yavo kubva kumaGreek. Vapanduki ava vakatanga kuzivikanwa seva Maccabees kana maHasmoneans.
Pane imwe nguva vaMaccabees vakawanazve kutonga, vakadzokera kuTemberi muJerusarema. Panguva ino, yakanga yasvibiswa pamweya kubva mukushandiswa kunamatira vanamwari vekunze uye zvakare kubva kumaitiro akadai sekubaira nguruve. Mauto echiJuda aive akatsunga kuchenesa Tembere nekupisa tsika mafuta muTembere menorah kwemazuva masere. Asi zvakavashungurudza, pavakaona kuti kwasara zuva rimwe chete remafuta mutembere. Vakavhenekera iyo menorah zvakadaro, uye kushamisika kwavo, iyo shoma yemafuta yakagara kwemazuva masere azere.
Ichi ndicho chishamiso chemafuta eHanukkah anocherechedzwa gore rega rega apo maJuda anovhenekera yakakosha menorah inozivikanwa se hanukkiya kwemazuva masere. Kenduru rimwe rinovhenekerwa pahusiku hwekutanga hweHanukkah, maviri pane echipiri, zvichingodaro, kusvikira makenduru masere avhenekerwa.
Zvinoreva Hanukkah
Maererano nemutemo wechiJudha, Hanukkah nderimwe remazororo echiJudha asina kukosha. Nekudaro, Hanukkah yanyanya kuve yakakurumbira muitiro yemazuva ano nekuda kwekuda kwayo Kisimusi.
Hanukkah anowira pazuva remakumi maviri neshanu remwedzi wechihebheru weKislev. Sezvo kalendari yechiJudha inoenderana nemwedzi, zuva rekutanga reHanukkah rinowira pazuva rakasiyana gore rega rega, kazhinji pakati pekupera kwaNovember uye kupera kwaZvita. Sezvo maJuda mazhinji achigara mumagariro ehukristu, Hanukkah yanyanya kuita fashoni uye Kisimusi-sekufamba kwenguva. Vana vechiJudha vanogashira zvipo zveHanukkah, kazhinji chipo kune yega yega manheru ere pati. Vabereki vazhinji vanovimba kuti nekuita kuti Hanukkah kuve akakosha zvechokwadi, vana vavo havazonzwa vachisunganidzwa kubva kuzororo reKisimusi rese rinoitika zvakavakomba.
Tsika dzeHanukkah
Nharaunda yega yega ine yavo yakasarudzika tsika dzeHanukkah, asi kune dzimwe tsika dzinoitwa dzinenge dzese. Ivo ndeaya: kuvhenekesa hanukkiyah, kushandura iyo dreidel uye kudya chikafu chakakangwa.
Kuvhenekera hanukkiya: Gore rega rega itsika kurangarira chishamiso chemafuta eHanukkah nekuvhenekesa makenduru pane hanukkiyah. Iyo hanukkiyah inovhenekerwa manheru ega ega kweusere husiku.
Spinning dreidel: yakakurumbira mutambo Hanukkah iri kupururudza iyo dreidel, iri iro rakareba-mana-mudenga kumusoro nemavara echiHebheru akanyorwa parutivi rumwe nerumwe. Gelt, ayo ari foil-akafukidzwa chokoreti mari, chikamu chemutambo uyu.
Idya Chikafu Chakabikwa: Sezvo Hanukkah inopemberera chishamiso chemafuta, itsika yekudya chikafu chakakangwa senge latkes uye sufganiyot panguva yezororo. Smoothies mbatatisi uye hanyanisi mapekeki, ayo anokangwa mumafuta uye anobva ashandirwa nemaapuloauce. Sufganiyot (singular: sufganiyah) ane jelly-akazadza donuts ayo akagochwa uye dzimwe nguva akaputirwa neshuga yeupfu usati wadya.
Pamusoro petsika idzi, kune zvakare nzira dzakawanda dzinonakidza dzekupemberera Hanukkah nevana.