Chii chinonzi monasticism? Yakazara gwara redzidziso iyi
Monasticism ndiyo tsika yechitendero yekurarama wakaparadzaniswa nenyika, kazhinji inogara mune nharaunda yevanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana, kudzivirira zvivi uye kuswedera pedyo naMwari.
Izwi iri rinobva pashoko reChigiriki monachos, zvinoreva munhu akasurukirwa. Mamonaki ndeemhando mbiri: hermitic kana yega nhamba; uye cenobitics, avo vanogara mumhuri kana munharaunda chibvumirano.
Kutanga monastism
ChiKristu chehumongi chakatanga muEjipitori neNorth Africa kuma AD 270, nemadzibaba emurenje, vafudzi vakaenda kurenje vakasiya chikafu nemvura kudzivisa muyedzo. Mumwe wekutanga akanyorwa ega mamongi aive Abba Antony (251-356), uyo akaenda pamudyandigere kune nhare yakaparadzwa kunamata nekufungisisa. Abba Pacomias (292-346) weEjipitori anoonekwa semuvambi wemamoneniti eecenobite kana nharaunda.
Munharaunda dzepakutanga dzemamongi, mumwe nemumwe wemunamato ainamata, achitsanya nekushanda ari ega, asi izvi zvakatanga kuchinja apo Augustine (354-430), bhishopi weHippo kuNorth Africa, akanyora mutemo kana seti yemirairo yemamonaki nemunatari mune kutonga kwayo. Mariri, akasimbisa hurombo nemunamato senheyo dzehupenyu hwemonetiki. Augustine yaisanganisirawo kutsanya uye kushanda sounhu hwechiKristu. Utongi hwake hwakanga husina kunyatsotsanangurwa kupfuura hwaizotevera, asi Benedict weNorcia (480-547), uyo akanyorawo mutemo weamongi uye masisitita, aivimba zvakanyanya nepfungwa dzaAugustine.
Monasticism yakapararira mukati meMediterranean neEurope, kunyanya nekuda kwebasa remamongi eIrish. MuMiddle Ages, iyo Benedictine Rule, yakavakirwa pakufunga uye kugona, yakanga yapararira kuEurope.
Mamonaki emataundi akashanda nesimba kutsigira imba yavo yemamongi. Kazhinji ivhu remamonk raipiwa kwavari nekuti raive kure kana kuti raionekwa serisina kurima. Nekuyedza uye kukanganisa, mamonaki akagadziridza hunyanzvi hwakawanda hwekurima. Ivo zvakare vakapinda mumabasa akadai sekukopa zvinyorwa zvese zviri zviviri Bhaibheri uye echinyakare mabhuku, vachipa dzidzo uye kugadzirisa maturikirwo nesimbi. Vaichengeta vanorwara nevarombo, uye mukati meMiddle Ages vaichengeta mabhuku mazhinji angadai akarasika. Runyararo uye kubatana kwekudyidzana mukati memamongi kazhinji kwakave muenzaniso kune nzanga iri kunze kwayo.
Muzana ramakore rechitanhatu nerechi XNUMX, kushungurudzwa kwakatanga kumuka. Kunyange zvematongerwo enyika zvaidzora Chechi yeRoma Katurike, madzimambo emuno nemadzishe vaishandisa dzimba dzemamongi semahotera mukati merwendo uye vaitarisira kupihwa chikafu nekugara nenzira yegwinyiro. Masimendi ekudzikisira akaiswa pamamongi madiki uye maanvice manana; kukanganiswa kwaiwanzo kurangwa pamwe nekukanganiswa.
Dzimwe dzimba dzemamongi dzakapfuma vamwe vachitadza kuzviraramisa. Sezvo mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika nevehupfumi achinja pamazana emakore, dzimba dzemamongi dzave nekushomeka. Pakupedzisira shanduko dzechechi dzakadzosa monasteries kudzoka kune yavo yekutanga chinangwa sedzimba dzeminamato uye yekufungisisa.
Monasticism nhasi
Mazuva ano, mamongi mazhinji echiKaturike neOrthodox vanogara vachipoterera pasirese, kubva munharaunda dzakavharirwa nzvimbo umo mamonaki eTristist kana masisititi anopika kunyarara, kudzidzisa nemasangano anobatsira anobatsira vanorwara nevarombo. Hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hunowanzo ane mazhinji anogara akarongwa nguva dzeminamato, kufungisisa uye zvirongwa zvebasa kubhadhara zvikwereti zvevagari.
Monasticism inowanzo shoropodzwa seisina bhaibheri. Vanopikisa vanoti Commission Huru inoraira maKristu kuti vaende kunoparidza munyika. Zvisinei, Augustine, Benedict, Basil nevamwe vakasimbirira kuti kupatsanuka kubva munharaunda, kutsanya, basa nekuzvinyima zvaingova nzira dzekuguma, uye iko kumagumo kwaive kuda Mwari. kuwana hunhu kubva kuna Mwari, vakadaro, asi zvakadaro zvakaitwa kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvepanyika pakati pemonki kana sista naMwari.
Vamiriri vechiKristu chemamoniki vanotaura kuti dzidziso dzaJesu Kristu nezveupfumi chipinganidzo kuvanhu. Vanotsigira hupenyu hwakaomarara hwaJohn Mubhabhatidzi semuenzaniso wekuzvinyima uye vanotsanya kutsanya kwaJesu murenje kudzivirira kutsanya uye chikafu chakareruka. Pakupedzisira, vanotaura Mateo 16:24 sechikonzero chekuzvininipisa uye kuteerera: Zvino Jesu akati kuvadzidzi vake: "Ani nani anoda kuva mudzidzi wangu anofanira kuzviramba, atore muchinjikwa anditevere." (NIV)