Ndiani Saint Francis weAssisi? Zvakavanzika zvevatsvene vane mukurumbira muItari
St Francis weAssisi akasiya hupenyu hwoumbozha kune hupenyu hwakatsaurirwa kuchiKristu mushure mekunzwa izwi raMwari, uyo akamuraira kuti avakezve chechi yeChikirisito uye ararame muhurombo. Iye ndiye mutariri mutsvene wevacologist.
Ndiani aive Saint Francis weAssisi?
Akazvarwa muItari kwakatenderedza 1181, Saint Francis weAssisi aive nembiri nekunwa uye kupemberera muhudiki hwake. Mushure mekurwa muhondo pakati peAssisi nePerugia, Francesco akabatwa ndokuiswa mutirongo kuti adzikinure. Akapedza rinenge gore ari mutirongo - akamirira kubhadharwa kwababa vake - uye, maererano nesano, akatanga kugamuchira zviratidzo kubva kuna Mwari. Mushure mekusunungurwa mutirongo, Francis akanzwa izwi raKristu, uyo akamuudza kuti agadzirise Chechi. Mukristu uye urarame hupenyu hwehurombo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akasiya hupenyu hwake hwoumbozha uye akazova munamati wekutenda, mukurumbira wake wakapararira munyika yechiKristu.
Gare gare muhupenyu, Francis anonzi akagamuchira chiratidzo chakamusiya aine hunhu hwaKristu - zviratidzo zvinoyeuchidza maronda akaroverwa Jesu Kristu paakaroverwa - zvichiita kuti Francis ave munhu wekutanga kugamuchira maronda matsvene akadaro. Akaitwa musande semusande musi waChikunguru 16, 1228. Munguva yehupenyu hwake akasimudzirawo rudo rwakadzama rwezvisikwa nemhuka uye anozivikanwa saiye mutariri mutsvene wezvakatipoteredza nemhuka; hupenyu hwake uye mazwi ave nerunyararo rusingaperi nemamiriyoni evateveri kutenderera pasirese. Oga Gumiguru, mhuka zhinji pasi rese dzinokomborerwa pazuva rake remabiko.
Makore ekutanga eumbozha
Akazvarwa munenge muna 1181 muAssisi, Duchy weSpoleto, Italy, St. Francis weAssisi, kunyangwe achiremekedzwa nhasi, akatanga hupenyu hwake semutadzi akasimbiswa. Baba vake vaive mupfumi mutengesi wemachira uyo aive nemunda wekurima wakakomberedza Assisi uye amai vake vaive mukadzi akanaka wechiFrance. Francesco anga asiri mukushaiwa achiri mudiki; akapambwa uye akagamuchirwa mune chikafu chakanaka, waini nemapati emusango. Pakazosvika makore gumi nemana, akange asiira chikoro panzira uye akazozivikanwa sevachiri kuyaruka vanopandukira vaigara vachinwa, vachienda kumafaro, uye kutyora mutemo wekusvika kumba. Aizivikanwawo nerunako rwake uye zvisina maturo.
Munzvimbo dzakakomberedzwa idzi, Francesco d'Assisi akadzidza hunyanzvi hwekupfura neuta, mutsimba uye kutasva mabhiza. Aitarisirwa kutevera baba vake mubhizinesi rezvemachira remhuri, asi akashushikana netarisiro yekurarama mukutengesa machira. Panzvimbo pekuronga ramangwana semushambadzi, akatanga kufungidzira nezveramangwana semhare; ma Knights aive ekare mauto magamba, uye kana Francis aine chero vavariro, aifanira kuve gamba rehondo senge ivo. Hazvizotora nguva refu mukana wekuti urwe hondo usati wasvika.
Muna 1202 hondo yakatanga pakati peAssisi nePerugia, uye Francesco nechido akatora nzvimbo yake muvatasvi vemabhiza. Akanga asingazive ipapo, ruzivo rwake nehondo rwaizochinja iye zvachose.
Hondo nekusungwa
Francis nevarume veAssisi vakarwiswa zvakaomarara uye, vakatarisana nenhamba dzakakwira, vakatiza. Nhandare yese yehondo yakazofukidzwa nemitumbi yevarume vakaurayiwa uye vakagurwa, vachiridza mhere nemarwadzo. Mazhinji emauto akapona eAssisi akabva aurayiwa.
Asina kukodzera uye asina ruzivo rwekurwa, Francis akakurumidza kubatwa nemasoja evavengi. Akapfeka kunge aristocrat uye akapfeka nhumbi itsva dzinodhura, akanzi akakodzera rudzikunuro rwakadzikama, uye mauto akasarudza kuregera hupenyu hwake. Iye nemamwe mauto akapfuma vakatorwa sevasungwa, vakaendeswa kuchitokisi chepasi pevhu. Francis aigona kupedza rinenge gore mumamiriro akasiririsa akadaro - akamirira kubhadharwa kwababa vake - panguva iyo angave akabatwa nechirwere chakakomba. Zvakare panguva iyi, aizozivisa gare gare, akatanga kugamuchira zviratidzo kubva kuna Mwari.
Mushure mehondo
Mushure megore rekutaurirana, rudzikunuro rwaFrancis rwakagamuchirwa uye akaburitswa mutirongo muna 1203. Zvisinei, paakadzokera kuAssisi, Francis aive murume akasiyana zvakanyanya. Pakudzoka kwake, airwara zvakaipisisa mundangariro nemuviri, muhondo-aneta muhondo.
Rimwe zuva, sengano, paakatasva bhiza mumaruwa emunharaunda, Francis akasangana nemaperembudzi. Hondo isati yatanga, Francis angadai akatiza murume aiva nemaperembudzi, asi pachiitiko ichi maitiro ake aive akasiyana zvakanyanya. Kuona wemaperembudzi sechiratidzo chetsika hana - kana saJesu incognito, sekureva kwevamwe vadzidzi vezvitendero - akamumbundira nekumutsvoda, achizorondedzera chiitiko ichi sekunzwa kutapira mumuromo. Mushure mechiitiko ichi, Francesco akanzwa rusununguko rusingatsanangurike. Mararamiro ake ekare akange arasa kukwezva kwese.
Gare gare, Francis, zvino ave nemakore makumi maviri, akatanga kutarisa pana Mwari.Pachinzvimbo chekushanda, akapedza nguva yakawanda achienda kunzvimbo iri kure yekudzokera kumakomo uye mumachechi akanyarara ekare akapoteredza Assisi, achinamata, achitsvaga mhinduro, nekubatsira vane maperembudzi. Munguva iyi, achinamata pamberi pechinyakare cheByzantine pamuchinjikwa muchechi yeSan Damiano, Francis anonzi akanzwa izwi raKristu, uyo akamuudza kuti avakezve Chechi yechiKristu uye kurarama hupenyu hwehurombo hwakanyanya. Francis akateerera uye akazvipira kuchiKristu. Akatanga kuparidza achitenderedza Assisi uye pasina nguva akabatanidzwa nevateveri vakatendeka gumi nevaviri.
Vamwe vaiona Francis sebenzi kana benzi, asi vamwe vaimuona semumwe wemienzaniso mikuru yekurarama hunhu hwechiKristu kubva panguva yaJesu Kristu pachake. Kunyangwe akave akabatwa zvechokwadi naMwari, kana kungori murume akaturikira zvisirizvo zvinokonzerwa nehurwere hwepfungwa uye / kana hutano husina kunaka, Francis weAssisi akakurumidza kuve nemukurumbira munyika yechiKristu.
Kuzvipira kuchiKristu
Mushure meepiphany muchechi yeSan Damiano, Francesco akasangana neimwe nguva yekupedzisira muhupenyu hwake. Kuti awane mari yekuvaka zvakare chechi yeChristian, akatengesa chidimbu chejira kubva muchitoro chababa vake, pamwe nebhiza rake. Baba vake vakashatirwa pavakaziva nezve zviito zvemwanakomana wavo uye ndokuzvuzvurudzira Francis pamberi pabhishopi wepanzvimbo. Bhishopi akaudza Francis kuti adzorere mari yababa vake, izvo zvaaiita zvaishamisa: akabvisa mbatya dzake uye, pamwe chete navo, akadzorera mari kuna baba vake, achizivisa kuti Mwari ndiye baba vega vaanoziva. Ichi chiitiko chinozivikanwa sekushandurwa kwekupedzisira kwaFrancis uye hapana chinoratidza kuti Francis nababa vake vakambotaura zvakare mushure.
Bhishopi akapa Francis hanzu ine hukasha uye akapfeka idzi mbatya nyowani dzinozvininipisa, Francis akabva kuAssisi. Nehurombo kwaari, vanhu vekutanga vaakasangana navo mumugwagwa vaive boka rembavha dzine njodzi, vakamurova zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe akakuvara, Francis akafara. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi achararama zvinoenderana nevhangeri.
Kugumbatira kwaFrancis-sehurombo hwakafanana naKristu kwaive kufunga kwakanyanya panguva iyoyo. Chechi yechiKristu yaive yakapfuma zvisingaite, sevanhu vaiimhanya, izvo zvaishungurudza Francis nevamwe vazhinji, avo vaifunga kuti pfungwa dzevaapositora dzaivepo kwenguva refu dzakabviswa. Francis akatanga basa rekudzorera hunhu hwepakutanga hwaJesu Kristu kuchechi yava kuora. Nerudo rwake runoshamisa, akakwezva zviuru zvevateveri kwaari. Vakateerera mharidzo dzaFrancis uye vakabatana nemararamiro ake; vateveri vake vakazozivikanwa semaFranciscan friars.
Achienderera achizvimanikidza mukutsvaga kukwana kwemweya, Francis munguva pfupi akatanga kuparidza mumisha inosvika mishanu pazuva, achidzidzisa mhando nyowani yechinamato chechiKristu chepamoyo uye chevanhu chaigona kunzwisiswa nevanhuwo zvavo. Akatosvika pakuparidzira mhuka, izvo zvakawana kutsoropodzwa kubva kune vamwe uye zvakamupa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "benzi raMwari." Asi meseji yaFrancis yakapararira kure nekure uye zviuru zvevanhu zvakafadzwa nezvavakanzwa.
Zvinonzi, muna 1224 Francis akagamuchira chiratidzo chakamusiya aine hunhu hwaKristu - zviratidzo zvaiyeuchidza maronda akaroverwa Jesu Kristu paakaroverwa, kuburikidza nemaoko ake uye neronda rakavhurika repfumo parutivi rwake. Izvi zvakaita kuti Francis ave munhu wekutanga kugamuchira maronda matsvene eiyo stigmata. Ivo vaizoramba vachionekwa kwehupenyu hwake hwese. Nekuda kwebasa rake rekare rekurapa vane maperembudzi, vamwe vanofunga kuti maronda aive zviratidzo zvemaperembudzi.
Sei St. Francis mutariri mutsvene wemhuka?
Nhasi, St. Francis weAssisi ndiye musande anodzivirira ezve ecology, zita rinokudza rudo rwake rusingaperi rwemhuka uye zvakasikwa.
Kufa nenhaka
Sezvo Francis akasvika parufu rwake, vazhinji vakafanotaura kuti aive mutsvene mukugadzira. Sezvo hutano hwake hwakatanga kudzikira nekukurumidza, Francis akadzoka kumba. Knights dzakatumirwa kubva kuAssisi kuti dzimudzivirire uye nekuona kuti hapana kana imwe yemisha yakavakidzana yakamutora (mutumbi wemusande wakaonekwa, panguva iyoyo, sechinhu chakakosha kwazvo chaizounza, pakati pezvinhu zvakawanda, kubwinya kunyika uko akazorora).
Francis weAssisi akafa muna Gumiguru 3, 1226, aine makore makumi mana nemana, muAssisi, Italy. Nhasi, Francis ane runyararo rusingaperi nemamiriyoni evateveri kutenderera pasirese. Akaitwa musande semusande makore maviri chete mushure mekufa kwake, musi waChikunguru 44, 16, neaimbova muchengeti wake, Papa Gregory IX. Nhasi, St. Francis weAssisi ndiye musande anodzivirira ezve ecology, zita rinokudza rudo rwake rusingaperi rwemhuka uye zvakasikwa. Muna 1228 Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio akasarudza kukudza St. Francis nekutora zita rake, achiva Pope Francis.