Ndiani akanyora Korani uye riini?
Mashoko eKoran akaunganidzwa sezvaakazarurirwa kumuporofita Muhammad, akaitwa nekurangarira nemaMuslim ekutanga uye akanyorwa zvakanyorwa nevanyori.
Mukutarisirwa kwemuporofita Muhammad
Sezvo Korani yakanga ichizarurwa, Muporofita Muhammad akaita gadziriro dzakakosha kuona kuti yakanyorwa here. Kunyangwe Muporofita Muhammad pachake aisagona kuverenga kana kunyora, akaraira mavhesi acho nemuromo uye akaraira vanyori kuti vanyore zvakazarurwa pane chero chinhu chaivapo: matavi emiti, matombo, dehwe nemapfupa. Vanyori vaizoverenga zvinyorwa zvavo kuMuporofita, uyo aizozviongorora kuti aone zvikanganiso. Ndima yega yega nyowani yakaziviswa, Muporofita Muhammad akataurawo nzvimbo yayo mukati mechikamu chiri kukura chemagwaro.
Pakafa muporofita Muhammad, Korani yaive yakanyorwa zvizere. Nekudaro, yakanga isiri mumhando yebhuku. Izvo zvairekodwa pamipumburu nemidziyo yakasiyana siyana, yakachengetwa mumuridzi weVamwari veMuporofita.
Ichitungamirirwa naCaliph Abu Bakr
Mushure mekufa kweMuporofita Muhammad, iyo yose Korani yakaramba ichirangarirwa mumoyo yevaMuslim vekutanga. Mazana emaShamwari ekutanga eMuporofita aive abata nemusoro chizaruro chose, uye mazuva ese maMuslim vaidzokorora zvikamu zvikuru zvechinyorwa kubva mundangariro dzavo. MaMuslim mazhinji ekutanga aivewo nemakopi akanyorwa ega eQurani akanyorwa pazvinhu zvakasiyana siyana.
Makore gumi mushure meHijrah (632 AD), vazhinji veava vanyori nevanozvipira vechiMuslim vakaurayiwa muHondo yeYamama. Sezvo nharaunda ichichema kurasikirwa kwevamwe vavo, vakatangawo kunetseka nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenguva refu kweKurani Tsvene. Achiziva kuti mazwi aAllah aifanira kuunganidzwa munzvimbo imwechete nekuchengetedzwa, Caliph Abu Bakr akaraira vanhu vese avo vaive vakanyora mapeji eQurani kuti vaanyora munzvimbo imwechete. Iyo chirongwa chakarongeka uye chakatariswa nemumwe wevanyori veMuporofita Muhammad, Zayd bin Thabit.
Maitiro ekunyora Koran kubva kune aya akasiyana mapeji akanyorwa akaitwa muzvikamu zvina:
Zayd bin Thabit akatarisa vhesi imwe neimwe nendangariro yake.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab akasimbisa mavhesi ese. Varume vaviri ava vaive vakabata zvese muQurani.
Zvapupu zviviri zvakavimbika zvaifanira kupupurira kuti ndima idzi dzakanyorwa pamberi pemuporofita Muhammad.
Mavhesi akanyorwa akaunganidzwa akaunganidzwa neaya eunganidziro dzedzimwe shamwari.
Iyi nzira yekutarisa-muchinjikwa uye kuongorora kubva kune anopfuura rimwe sosi yakagamuchirwa nehanya kwazvo. Chinangwa chaive chekugadzirira gwaro rakarongeka iro dunhu rese rinogona kuongorora, kubvumidza uye kushandisa sechiwanikwa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa.
Izvi zvakazara zvinyorwa zveQur'an zvaiitirwa Abuubr zvivepo uye zvobva zvapfuurira kuenda kune mumwe akatevera, Umar ibn Al-Khattab. Mushure mekufa kwake, ivo vakapihwa mwanasikana wake Hafsah (aivawo chirikadzi yemuporofita Muhammad).
Ichitungamirirwa naCaliph Uthman bin Affan
Sezvo chiIslam chakatanga kupararira muArabia Peninsula, vanhu vazhinji vakapinda mudanga reIslam kubva kure kure sePersia neByzantine. Vazhinji vevaMuslim vatsva ava vaive vasiri vatauri vechiArabic kana vaitaura mataurirwo eArabic akasiyana kubva kumarudzi eMecca neMadina. Vanhu vakatanga kuitisana nharo pamusoro pemadudzirwo aive akarurama. Caliph Uthman bin Affan akazvitorera pachezvake kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kudzokororwa kweQurani kudanidzirwa kwese.
Nhanho yekutanga yaive yekukwereta iyo yekutanga, yakanyorwa kopi yeKurani kubva kuHafsah. Dare revanyori vekare vechiMuslim rakapihwa mhosva yekunyora zvinyorwa zvekutanga uye kuona kutevedzana kwezvitsauko (surah). Pakapedzwa makopi aya akakwana, Uthman bin Affan akaraira kuti zvinyorwa zvese zvasara zviparadzwe, kuitira kuti makopi ese eKurani ave yunifomu muchinyorwa.
MaKorani ese aripo nhasi munyika akafanana chaizvo neshanduro yeUngmani, iyo yakazadzikiswa isati yapfuura makore makumi maviri mushure mekufa kwemuporofita Muhammad.
Mushure meizvozvo, dzimwe diki diki dzakavandudzwa dzakaitwa kunyora kweechiArabic (kuwedzera madhisiki emakopi uye mamaki) kuti zvive nyore kuverenga nevanhu vasiri maArabu. Nekudaro, zvinyorwa zveQur'an zvakaramba zvakadaro.