Iwe unoziva imba inoyera yeLoreto uye nhoroondo yayo?
Imba Tsvene yeLoreto ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga yekukosha kwepasi rese yakatsaurirwa kuMhandara uye nemoyo wechokwadi weMarian wechiKristu ”(John Paul II). Sekureva kwetsika dzekare, ikozvino yakaratidzirwa neyekutsvagisa nhoroondo nekuchera matongo, Sanctuary yeLoreto inochengetedza imba yeNazareta yeMadonna. Musha wepanyika waMaria muNazareta waive nezvikamu zviviri: bako rakavezwa mudombo, richiri kunamatwa mukereke yeAnnunciation muNazareta, uye imba yematombo kumberi, inoumbwa nemadziro matatu ematombo akaiswa kumucheto kwebako ( ona muonde. 2).
Maererano netsika, muna 1291, apo varwi vehondo yechiKristu vakadzingwa muPalestine, madziro eimba yeMadonna akatakurwa "nehushumiri hwevatumwa", kutanga kuIlyria (muTratat, muCroatia yanhasi) uyezve munzvimbo yeLoreto. (Zvita 10, 1294). Nhasi, zvichibva pane zvinyorwa zvitsva, mhedzisiro yezvakacherwa mumatongo muNazareta uye nepasi peImba Tsvene (1962-65) uye pazvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi uye zvemifananidzo, fungidziro yekuti matombo eImba Tsvene aive kuendeswa kuLoreto nengarava, pachinhanho chemhuri inokudzwa yaAngeli, yaitonga pamusoro peEpirus. Kutaura zvazviri, gwaro raGunyana 1294, richangobva kuwanikwa, rinoratidza kuti Nicephorus Angeli, mutongi weEpirus, mukupa mwanasikana wake Ithamar mukuroora kuna Philip weTaranto, mwana wechina waCharles II weAnjou, mambo weNaples. nhevedzano yezvinhu zve roora, pakati pazvo zvinoratidzika nehumwe chiratidzo: "matombo matsvene akatorwa kubva muImba yeMukadzi Wedu Mhandara Amai vaMwari".
Yakakomberedzwa pakati pematombo eImba Tsvene, michinjikwa mishanu yemucheka mutsvuku wevamiriri vemauto kana, zvingangoita, zvevarwi veuto remauto avo vaidzivirira nzvimbo dzinoera uye zvisaririra muMiddle Ages zvakawanikwa. Ikoko kwakawanikwawo zvimwe zvasara zvezai remhou, iro rinobva rangorangarira Palestine uye mucherechedzo unoreva chakavanzika cheKuberekwa.
Zvakare, iyo Santa Casa, nekuda kwechimiro chayo uye nematombo zvinhu zvisingawanikwe munzvimbo iyi, chiumbwa chekunze kune tsika uye mashandisiro ekuvaka enharaunda yeMarche. Kune rimwe divi, kuenzanisa kwehunyanzvi kweImba Tsvene neGrotto yeNazareta kwakaratidza kubatana pamwe nekukanganisika kwezvikamu zviviri (ona fig. 2).
Kusimbisa tsika, ongororo ichangoburwa panzira inoshandiswa nematombo yakakosha zvikuru, ndiko kuti, maererano nekushandiswa kwemaNabataea, akapararira muGarirea panguva yaJesu (ona muonde 1). Zvekufarira zvikuru zvakare kuvezwa kwakanyorwa pamatombo eImba Tsvene, kutongwa nenyanzvi dzezvakajeka zvechiJudha-chiKristu uye zvakafanana neiya inowanikwa muNazareta (ona muonde 3).
Imba inoera, mukati mayo yekutanga yaive nemadziro matatu chete nekuti chikamu chekumabvazuva, pakamira aritari, chakange chakavhurika chakanangana neGrotto (ona fig. 2). Iwo matatu ekutanga madziro - asina hwaro hwayo uye achizorora mumugwagwa wekare - anomuka kubva pasi kwemamita matatu chete. Izvo zvinhu zvakawandisa, zvinosanganisira zvidhinha zvemuno, zvakawedzerwa gare gare, kusanganisira vault (1536), kuti nharaunda ive yakakodzera kunamatira. Kupfekedzwa kwemarbleti, iyo yakakomberedza madziro eSanta Casa, yakatumirwa naJulius II uye yakaitwa dhizaini naBramante (1507 c). nevanozivikanwa maartist eItaly Renaissance. Chiumbwa cheMhandara ine Mwana, mumatanda emisidhari kubva kuRebhanoni, chinotsiva icho chezana ramakore. XIV, yakaparadzwa nemoto muna 1921. Vakuru vemifananidzo vakateedzana kwemazana emakore kushongedza Nzvimbo Tsvene ine mukurumbira wakapararira nekukasira pasirese, ichiva nzvimbo inodiwa kumamirioni evapilgrim. Iyo yakasarudzika zvisaririra zveImba Tsvene yaMaria chiitiko uye kukoka kune mupilgrim kuti afungisise nezve yakakwira dzidziso yezvouMwari uye yemweya meseji dzakabatana nechakavanzika chemuviri uye chiziviso cheRuponeso.
Madziro matatu eImba Tsvene yeLoreto
Imba Tsvene, mukati mayo yepakutanga, inongova nemadziro matatu chete, nekuti chikamu chakamira atari chakatarisana nemuromo weGrotto muNazareta uye, nekudaro, chaisavapo semadziro. Pamadziro matatu epakutanga, zvikamu zvepazasi, zvingangoita mamita matatu kukwirira, zvinonyanya kugadzirwa nemitsara yematombo, kazhinji jecha, inoteedzana neNazareta, uye zvikamu zvepamusoro zvinowedzerwa mushure uye, nekudaro zvisirizvo, zviri muzvidhinha zvemuno. zvekuvakisa zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo iyi.
A graffiti pamadziro eImba Tsvene
Mamwe mabwe akapera kunze nehunyanzvi uyo anoyeuka iwo wevaNabataeans, akapararira muPalestine uye zvakare nekuGarireya kusvika kunguva yaJesu.Makumi matanhatu emabwe akaverengerwa, mazhinji awo anotongwa nenyanzvi anoreva Judhasi-maKristu echiitiko chechinyakare. irimo muNyika Tsvene, kusanganisira neNazareta. Zvikamu zvepamusoro zvemadziro, zvisingakoshese nhoroondo uye zvekunamata, muzana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe zvakafukidzwa neefresco pendi, nepo zvikamu zvebwe pazasi zvakasara zvave pachena, zvichionekwa nekuremekedza kwevakatendeka.
Iyo yekufukidza machena ndiyo inyanzvi yeLoreto art. Inochengetedza Imba yeNazareta inozvininipisa sezvo bhokisi rinogamuchira parera. Ichidikanwa naJulius II uye yakagamuchirwa nemugadziri mukuru Donato Bramante, uyo akagadzira dhizaini muna 1509, yakaitwa pasi pekutungamira kwaAndrea Sansovino (1513-27), Ranieri Nerucci naAntonio da Sangallo mudiki. Gare gare zvidhori zvevaSibyl neVaporofita zvakaiswa mumiches.
Marmoreo kufukidzwa kweiyo S.Casa
Iko kupfekedzwa kunosanganisira chigadziko chine zvishongo zvejometri, kubva pane iwo marongerwo echikamu zviviri-zvakamiswa zvinobva, zvine misoro yeKorinde inotsigira inoratidzira chibage. Iyo balustrade yakawedzerwa naAntonio da Sangallo (1533-34) nechinangwa chekuhwanda chakavharika barrel vault weS S. Casa uye kufambisa mutsara unoyevedza wemarble nekufukidzwa kwakanaka.