Chii chinonzi puranas muchihindu?
Iyo yePutana zvinyorwa zvekare zvechiHindu zvinorumbidza vamwari vakasiyana-siyana vevamwari vechiHindu kuburikidza nenyaya dzedenga. Iwo akawanda magwaro anozivikanwa sePutanas anogona kuverengerwa mukirasi imwechete seiyo 'Itihasas' kana Nhau - iyo Ramayana neMahabharata, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakatorwa kubva kuchinamato chimwechete seichi maepikicha aive zvigadzirwa zvakanakisa zvengano - Umhare hwekutenda kwechiHindu.
Kwakatangira iyo puranas
Kunyangwe maPutana achigovana humwe hunhu hweakanyanya epics, ndezvenguva yakazotevera uye zvinopa "zvinotsanangurwa uye zvakamiririrwa mumiriri wengano fungidziro uye tsika dzekare". Horace Hayman Wilson, uyo akaturikira mamwe maPutana muChirungu muna 1840, anotiwo "vanopa hunhu hwerondedzero yazvino, mukukosha kwakakosha kwavanopa kune vamwe vamwari, mumhando dzakasiyana siyana ... yetsika nemitambo yakanyorerwa kwavari uye mukugadzirwa "Ngano nyowani dzinoratidza simba nenyasha zvaavo vamwari ..."
Iwo maitiro mashanu eiyo maPuranas
Sekureva kwaSwami Sivananda, maPutanas anogona kuzivikanwa ne "Pancha Lakshana" kana mashanu maitiro avanazvo: nhoroondo; cosmology, kazhinji iine mifananidzo yakasiana yekufananidzira yemitemo yeuzivi; kusika kwechipiri; dzinza ramadzimambo; uye ye "Manvantara" kana nguva yekutonga kwaManu inosanganisira makumi matanhatu neshanu ekudenga maYugas kana makore zviuru mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe. Zvese zvePutana ndezvekirasi ye "Suhrit-Samhitas", kana zvibvumirano zvine hushamwari, izvo zvinopesana zvakanyanya musimba kubva kuVedas, ayo anonzi "Prabhu-Samhitas" kana iwo anotonga zvibvumirano.
Chinangwa chePuranas
Iyo maPutana ane musimboti weVeda uye yakanyorwa kuti iparadzire mifungo iri muVedas. Izvo zvaive zvisina kuitirwa vadzidzi, asi zvevanhuwo zvavo vaisatombonzwisisa huzivi hweVedas. Chinangwa chePutana ndechekushamisa dzidziso dzeVedas mundangariro dzevazhinji uye kuunza kuzvipira kuna Mwari mavari, kuburikidza nemienzaniso chaiyo, ngano, ngano, ngano, hupenyu hwevasande, madzimambo nevarume vakuru, zvirevo uye nhoroondo yezviitiko zvikuru zvakaitika. . Vazivi vekare vaishandisa mifananidzo iyi kuratidza misimboti yekusingaperi yeiyo tsika yekutenda iyo yakazozivikanwa sechiHindu. VaPutana vakabatsira vapirisita kupa hurukuro dzechitendero mumatembere uye pamahombekombe enzizi dzinoyera, uye vanhu vaifarira kunzwa nyaya idzi. Izvi zvinyorwa hazvizere chete neruzivo rwemarudzi ese, asi zvakare zvinonakidza kuverenga. Mupfungwa iyi,
Chimiro uye munyori wePutanas
MaPutana akanyorwa zvakanyanya muchimiro chehurukuro umo mumwe munyori anorondedzera nyaya achipindura mibvunzo yemumwe. Munyori mukuru wePutanas ndiRomaharshana, mudzidzi waVyasa, ane basa guru rekutaura zvaakadzidza kubva kumudzidzisi wake, sezvaakange azvinzwa kubva kune vamwe vachenjeri. Vyasa pano haafanire kuvhiringidzwa neanozivikanwa sage Veda Vyasa, asi zita rekuti compiler, iro muPutana zhinji ndiKrishna Dwaipayana, mwanakomana wesaruri mukuru Parasara uye mudzidzisi weVedas.
Huru 18 puranas
Kune gumi nematanhatu maPutana makuru uye nhamba yakaenzana yePuranas kana Upa-Puranas uye akawanda emudunhu 'sthala' kana maPutana. Pamanyoro gumi nematanhatu, matanhatu eSattvic Purana ayo anokudza Vishnu; vatanhatu ndiRajasic uye vanokudza Brahma; uye vatanhatu vane tamasic uye vanokudza Shiva. Ivo vanopatsanurwa zvakateedzana mune inotevera runyorwa rwePutanas:
Vishnu Purana
Naradya Purana
Bhagavat Purana
Garuda Purana
Padma Purana
Brahma Purana
Varaha Purana
Brahmanda Purana
Brahma Vaivarta Purana
Markendeya Purana
Bhavishya Purana
Vamana Purana
Matsya Purana
Kurma Purana
Sravana Sameeralu Serial XNUMXth Linga Purana
Shiva Purana
Skanda Purana
Agni Puranas
Anonyanya kufarirwa maPuranas
Yekutanga yevazhinji vePuranas ndiSrimad Bhagavata Purana naVishnu Purana. Mukuzivikanwa, ivo vanotevera iwo maitiro akafanana. Chikamu cheMarkandeya Purana chinozivikanwa kune vese maHindu akadai saChandi kana Devimahatmya. Iko kunamatwa kwaMwari saAmai Vamwari hunyoro hwayo. Chandi anoverengwa zvakanyanya nemaHindu mumazuva anoera uye nemazuva aNavaratri (Durga Puja).
Ruzivo nezve Shiva Purana uye Vishnu Purana
MuShiva Purana, zvinotarisirwa, Shiva anorumbidzwa naVishnu, uyo dzimwe nguva anoratidzwa mune yakaderera mwenje. MuVishnu Purana, zviri pachena zvinoitika: Vishnu anokudzwa kwazvo pamusoro paShiva, uyo anowanzo kushorwa. Kunyangwe paine pachena kusaenzana kwakamiririrwa muPutana idzi, Shiva naVishnu vanofungidzirwa kuve mumwe uye chikamu cheUtatu hweHindu dzidziso. Sokutaura kunoita Wilson: “Shiva naVishnu, muchimiro chipi nechipi, zvinenge zvinhu bedzi zvinoti rukudzo rwevaHindu muPutanas; kutsauka kubva mudzimba uye tsika yechinyakare yeVedas uye kuratidza kushingaira kwesekete uye kusarudzika ... Ivo havasisiri mvumo yekutenda kwechiHindu seyese: iwo madhairekitori akakosha emapazi akapatsanuka uye dzimwe nguva anopokana nawo, akaunganidzwa nechinangwa chakajeka chekusimudzira zvakasarudzika, kana mune dzimwe nguva iyo chete,
Kubva padzidziso dzeSri Swami Sivananda