Kuzvipira kuUtatu: izvo zvipo zvinomwe zveMweya Mutsvene

Zvakaoma kudoma imwe dzidziso yeKaturike sechipo chitsvene sechipo nomwe zvezvipo zveMweya Mutsvene izvo zvinoiswa pasi pekusiiwa kwakadaro. Kufanana nevaKatorike vazhinji vakaberekwa gore ra1950, ndakadzidza mazita avo nechemumoyo: "WIS -Dom, inonzvera, chipangamazano, husimbe, kuziva-mhombwe, pie, uye kutya! KwaIshe ”Zvine kusuwa, zvakadaro, vese vandaidzidza navo uye ini takadzidza, zvisingaite, pamusoro pemasimba aya asingazivikanwe aifanira kuburukira patiri kusimbiswa. Paakangosvika uye aenda paZuva reChibvumirano, takashatiriswa kuwana kuti isu hatina kuve iye anoziva, anoziva zvese, asingaoneki Christi mamirionari (mauto a Kristu) izvo zvakavimbiswa vedu vekare veVictoria II.

Dambudziko
Chishamiso ndechekuti, post-Vatican II Katurike yakaratidza kunyange kushoma kukurudzira vechidiki veKatorike pfungwa ine moyo yezvinhu izvo zvinomwe. Anenge maitiro epamberi aive nemukana wekumutsa tariro yakasviba yerufu rweanouraya kutenda kwevasina kutenda kuti kuna Mwari. Asi zvinesimba, murume akasarudzika akadaro achibuda nepahwindo mushure meDare. Asi kuwanda kwemishumo kwemakumi emakore apfuura pamusoro pekudzikira kwefariro mukutenda pakati pevatsigiri vatsva kunoratidza kuti shanduko hadzisi kuita sezvaunoda. Kwete kuti pakanga pasina mabhegi mumuchina we pre-Vatican II wekatekete - pakanga paine zvakawanda zvacho - asi parizviro rakakurisa zvakadaro harina kana kutombotanga kuzvibata.

Chinyorwa chapfuura muTheological Study naReverend Charles E. Bouchard, OP, mutungamiri weInstitute of theology yeAquinas muSt. Louis, Missouri ("Kudzoreredzwa kwezvipo zveMweya Mutsvene mune zvechitendero tsika", Nyamavhuvhu 2002), inoratidza zvimwe kushaya simba mune yekare tsika Katurike pane izvo zvinomwe zvipo:

Kusava nehanya kwehukama hwepedyo pakati pezvipo zvinomwe nevekadinari nehunyanzvi hwechitendero (rutendo, tariro, rudo / rudo, huchenjeri, hutongi, kushinga uye kuzvidzikisira), izvo St. Thomas Aquinas pachake akasimbisa mukukurukura kwake nezvenyaya iyi.
Kufunga kwekudzosera zvipo zvinomwe kunzvimbo yeesoteric yeanoshamwarika / mune zvemweya zvisinganzwisisike kwete kune inoitika uye yepasirese yedzidzo yetsika yezvidzidzo, iyo yakaratidzwa naAkininas yaive nzvimbo yavo
Chimiro chekusarudzika kwezvemweya uko kwakadzama kwazvo kudzidza kwefundo yezvipo kwakachengeterwa vapirisita nevezvitendero, avo, vangangodaro, kunge vakasiyana nevazhinji vasina kuverenga, vaive nekudzidza kwakakosha uye pamweya kuti vakoshese uye kuitise
Kuregeredza nheyo dzeMagwaro dzedzidziso yezvipo, kunyanya Isaya 11, apo zvipo zvakatanga zvichizivikanwa uye zvichishandiswa kuporofita kuna Kristu
Katekisimo yeChechi yeKaturike ya1992 yakambogadzirisa zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi (sekukosha kwehunhu uye hukama pakati pezvipo ne "hupenyu hwehunhu") asi zvakadzivisa kutsanangudza zvipo zveumwe neumwe kana kutombozvibata pazvinhu zvese - ndima matanhatu chete (1285-1287, 1830-1831 uye 1845), achienzaniswa makumi mana pamasimba (1803-1829, 1832-1844). Zvichida ichi ndicho chikonzero mabhuku eekatekisiki akaoneka akamuka Katekisimo nyowani kupa rondedzero yakadaro inovhiringidza yedudziro dzezvipo. Idudziro idzi dzinowanzoita kunge dzisinga tsanangurike yeiyo tsanangudzo dzechi Thomistic kana kududzira zvakazara kubva mune zvewemunyori ruzivo kana fungidziro. Tichifunga nezve izvi zviitiko, zvinobatsira kuti tiongorore tsananguro yeChechi yezvipo zvinomwe.

Tsananguro yechinyakare
Zvinoenderana neCatholic tsika, izvo zvipo zvinomwe zveMweya Mutsvene, hunhu hune humwari Jesu Kristu hune mukuzara kwavo, asi hwaanogovana nemitezo yemuviri wake unoshamisa (ndiko kuti, Chechi yake). Hunhu uhwu hunopisirwa muKirisitu wega wega sechipo kusimba kurubhabhatidzo rwake, hunokurudzirwa nemaitiro ehumwe nomwe uye wakasungwa musakaramende yekusimbiswa. Ivo vanozivikanwa zvakare sechipo chekuchenesa zvipo zveMweya, nekuti ivo vanoshandira chinangwa chekuita kuti vanogamuchira vanyatsosimudzira kukurudzirwa kweMweya Mutsvene muhupenyu hwavo, vachivabatsira kukura muhutsvene uye kuvaita kuti vakwane kudenga.

Mhando yezvipo zvinomwe zvave zvichikurukurwa nevadzidzi vebhaibheri kubvira pakati pezana ramakore rechipiri, asi dudziro yakajairika yakave iyo yakagadziridzwa naSt.

Huchenjeri zvese zviri zviviri ruzivo nekutonga pane "zvinhu zveVamwari" uye kugona kutonga uye kutungamira zvinhu zvevanhu zvinoenderana nechokwadi cheuMwari (I / I.1.6; I / II.69.3; II / II.8.6; II / II.45.1 -5).
Kunzwisisa ndiko kupinda kwekufungidzira mukati memoyo chaimo wezvinhu, kunyanya izvo zvokwadi zvepamusoro izvo zvakafanira kuti tinoponeswa kusingaperi - kutaura chokwadi, kugona "kuona" Mwari (I / I.12.5; I / II.69.2; II / II.
Counselling anotendera murume kutungamirwa naMwari muzvinhu zvakafanira kuti aponeswe (II / II.52.1).
Iyo nhare inoreva kusimba kwepfungwa pakuita zvakanaka uye kudzivisa zvakaipa, kunyanya kana zvichinge zvakaoma kana kune njodzi kuzviita, uye mune kuvimba nekukunda zvipingamupinyi zvese, kunyange zvinouraya, nekuda kwechokwadi chehupenyu hwusingaperi (I / II). 61.3; II / II.123.2; II / II.139.1).
Ruzivo ndiko kugona kutonga nemazvo pazvinhu zvekutenda uye nekuita kwakarurama, kuti usambofa wakatsauka kubva munzira yekururamisa (II / II.9.3).
Kunetseka ndekwe, kunyanya, kutya Mwari nerudo, kubhadhara kunamatwa uye basa kuna Mwari, kupa basa rakafanira kune vese varume nekuda kwehukama hwavo naMwari, uye kukudza iwo matsvene uye asiri anopesana neMagwaro. Izwi reChiLatin pietas rinoreva ruremekedzo rwatinopa kuna baba vedu uye nyika yedu; sezvo Mwari ari ivo Baba vevese, kunamatwa kwaMwari kunonziwo kunamata (I / II.68.4; II / II.121.1).
Kutya Mwari ndiko, muchinyorwa chino, kutya "kwakashata" kana kwakachena kuti isu tinonamata Mwari uye kudzivisa kuparadzaniswa naye - sekupesana ne "servile" kutya, kwatinotya kurangwa (I / II.67.4; II) / II.19.9).
Zvipo izvi, maererano naThomas Aquinas, "maitiro", "mafungiro" kana "mafungiro" akapiwa naMwari semweya unobatsira munhu mukuita "kukwana" kwake. Vanotendera munhu kuti ayambuke miganhu yechikonzero chevanhu nemagariro evanhu uye vatore chikamu muhupenyu chaihwo, sekuvimbiswa kwaakaita Kristu (Johane 14:23). Aquinas akasimbirira kuti ivo vanofanirwa kuti munhu aponeswe, izvo zvaasingakwanise kuzviita ega. Vanoshumirwa "kupedzisa" hunhu hune hukuru kana hunhu (huchenjeri, kurongeka, kusimba uye kuzvidzora) nehunhu hutatu hwerudzidziso (kutenda, tariro nerudo). Iko kunaka kwerudo ndiyo kiyi inovhura simba rinogona kuvapo rezvipo zvinomwe, izvo zvinogona (uye kuda) kurara mukati medumbu mushure me rubhapatidzo, kunze kwekunge mumwe achidaro.

Sezvo "nyasha dzichivaka pane zvakasikwa" (ST I / I.2.3), izvo zvipo zvinomwe zvinoshanda zvakabatana nemasimba manomwe uyezve nemichero gumi nemaviri eMweya uye gumi nemasere. Iko kunobuda kwezvipo kunofarirwa nemaitiro emasimba, ayo anozadzikiswa nekushandiswa kwezvipo. Kubata chaiko zvipo, iko zvino, kunobereka michero yeMweya muhupenyu hwemuChristu: rudo, mufaro, rugare, moyo murefu, moyo munyoro, rupo, kutendeka, unyoro, kuzvishingisa, kuzvidzora nekuchena (VaGaratia 5: 22-23) . Vavariro yekubatana uku pakati pehunhu, zvipo nezvibereko ndiko kuzadzikisa kwenzvimbo yekufara kasere yakatsanangurwa naKristu muMharidzo yepaGomo (Mt 5: 3-10).

Womweya Wemweya
Panzvimbo pekufambisa nzira yakatarwa yeTomistic kana nzira yakavakirwa parondedzero dzazvino nezvimiro zvetsika, ini ndinofunga nzira yechitatu yekunzwisisa zvipo zvinomwe, izvo zvinosanganisa izvo zvebhaibheri zvinyorwa.

Nzvimbo yekutanga uye imwechete muBhaibheri rose umo izvi zvinomwe zvakasarudzika zvakanyorwa pamwechete ndiIsaya 11: 1-3, mune chiporofita chakakurumbira mesiya:

Nhungirwa ichamera kubva mudumbu raJese, uye davi rinobuda pamidzi yake. Uye Mweya waIshe uchagara pamusoro pake, iwo mweya weuchenjeri uye wekunzwisisa, mweya wezano nesimba, mweya wekuziva nekutya Ishe. Uye kufadzwa kwake kuchave kutya Jehovha.

Zvingangoita kuti wese mutsananguri pamusoro pezvipo zvinomwe pamakore maviri apfuura akataura ndima iyi sosi yedzidziso, zvakadaro hapana munhu akacherekedza kuti pfungwa idzi nomwe dzaive sei neyakare tsika ye "huchenjeri" hweIsrael, iyo inoratidzwa mumabhuku akadai ekare. Testamenti dzakadai saJobho, Zvirevo, Muparidzi, Canticle weCanticles, Mapisarema, Articleastical neUchenjeri hwaSoromoni, pamwe nezvimwe zvikamu zvemabhuku euporofita, kusanganisira Isaya. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa mukufamba kwezvinodiwa zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva (hupfumi, rudo nemuchato, kurera vana, kushamwaridzana, kushandisa uye kushandisa zvisimba kwesimba) panzvimbo yezvinyorwa zvekare, zvechiporofita kana zvengano / zvimisikidzo zvinowanzoenderana neTestamente Yakare. Izvo hazvipikisane nevamwe izvi.

Zvinobva munyika ino yezvirikuita, zvine hushamwari uye zvezuva nezuva, pane kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekufungidzira kana chakavanzika, kuti zvipo zvinomwe zvabuda, uye mamiriro ezvinhu aIsaya 11 anosimbisa chimiro ichi cherevo. Chiyero chaIsaya chinotsanangura nenzira dzerudo hutsinye uhwo "bukira raJese" rinosimudzira "humambo hwake" hune rugare "pasi:

Haazotongi nezvaanoona nemaziso ake, kana kuti achafunga nezvokunzwa nenzeve dzake. asi nokururamisira achatonga varombo uye agovatongera zvakanaka vanyoro vepasi; uye ucharova pasi neshamhu yemuromo wake, uye nekufema kwemiromo yake achauraya vakaipa. . . . Hazvizokuvadze kana kuparadza gomo rangu dzvene mune zvese; nekuti nyika ichazadzwa nekuziva Jehovha, semvura zhinji yakafukidza gungwa. (Is 11: 3-4, 9)

Kuvaka Humambo uhwu kunoreva kufunga, kuronga, kushanda, kurwisa, kushinga, kutsungirira, kutsungirira, kuzvininipisa, ndiko kuti, kuwana maoko ako akasviba. Aya maonero epanyika ane chibereko kubva pane icho chinotarisa chinzvimbo icho zvipo zvinomwe zvinoita muhupenyu hwevaKristu vakasimba (kana vezera rakura).

Kune mhirizhonga mukati meCatholic, semuChristu mune zvakawandisa, inotarisa pamusoro peupenyu mushure mekusarudzika - uye kukuvadzwa - kwenyika ino, sekunge kubviswa kwezvinhu zvepanyika kungovimbisa hupenyu hwusingaperi . Imwe yeanoruramisa matanho erudzi urwu rwepfungwa yakaburitswa neVictoria II yaive kudzoserwa kweiyo bhaibheri kusimbisa pamusoro poushe hwaMwari sechokwadi chaicho chisinga pfuure chete zvakarongeka asiwo chinoishandura (Dei Verbum 17; Lumen Nationsum 5; Gaudium et spes 39).

Zvipo zvinomwe izvi zvinoshandiswa zvisingaverengeki pakurwira kumisa humambo uye, mune imwe pfungwa, chigadzirwa chekuita zvine simba muhondo yemweya. Kana munhu asingatambudzi kuzvishongedza zvakakwana zvehondo, hazvifanire kushamisika kuti vazvione vasina dziviriro kana iko kurwiswa kwavakauya pasuo ravo. Dai vandaidzidza navo neni takanga tisina "kuwana" iwo masimba asiri pachena "ayo isu takatarisira, zvimwe imhaka yekuti hatina kumbobvira takabata zvombo muhondo yekusimudzira humambo hwaMwari!

Zvipo zvinomwe izveruzivo izvo muKristu wese wakabhabhatidzwa anogona kuzvirumbidza nazvo kubva paudiki. Ivo inhaka yedu. Zvipo izvi, zvakapihwa muma sakaramendi kutibvumidza kuti tikure kuburikidza neruzivo, zvinokosheswa pakufambira mberi kwehupenyu hwakanaka hwechiKristu. Hazviratidzike semupengo uye kunze kwenyika, asi zvishoma nezvishoma zvinobuda sechibereko chehupenyu hwakanaka. Uye havabviswi paMweya kana zvichisadikanwa, nekuti ivo vanofanirwa kusingaperi pakareba isu tichirwa kurwa kwakanaka.

Zvipo zvinomwe zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvishandiswe munyika nechinangwa chekushandura iyo nyika kuna Kristu. Isaya 11 inotsanangura zvakajeka kuti izvi zvipo ndezvipi: kuita izvo zvaunodaidzwa kuti uite munguva yako nenzvimbo kufambisira mberi humambo hwaMwari .. Izvo zvakananga nezvomunhu zvaifona hazvizounzwisiswe kusvikira nzvimbo yake isina kukwana uye isina kufanana musikanzwa yezvinhu (kutya Ishe), akagamuchira chinzvimbo chemitezo yemhuri yaMwari (umwari) uye akawana tsika yekutevera zvakananga zviratidzo zvaBaba kuti vararame huMwari hwehupenyu (ruzivo) . Uku kuziva Mwari kunopa simba uye ushingi hunodiwa kuti utarisane nezvakaipa zvinosangana muhupenyu hwomunhu (hushingi) uye hunyengeri hwekufambisa nzira dzeumwe nyore kupindirana - kunyangwe kufungidzira - mazhinji mashandiro eEnemy (mupi wezano).

Varwi va Kristu
Aya mafungo anonongedzerwa kumaKatorike echikuru munhu, seni, asina kunyatso katekisheni (kanomwe nezvezvipo zvinomwe). Nekuda kwekupokana kusingaperi muChechi zvakazara pamusoro pezera rakakodzera kugamuchira sakaramendi yekusimbiswa, kungwara kweisina kukwana katecista pamwe kucharamba kuchinetsa vanotendeka. Iko kusatarisisa kwehukama hwehukama pakati pezvakanaka nezvipo zvinoita sezvakanyanya kukonzera mukutadza kuvandudza zvipo pakati pezvisimbiso. Catechesis yakagadzirirwa chete kuwana ruzivo kana kungo kusimudzira "zvisingaitwi zviito zvemutsa" isina akasimba eEvangelical musangano musimboti, haingangoizvibvisa pane izvi (kana chero chimwe chizvarwa) chevechidiki. Centering munamato, iyo dhayari, kutungamira kufungisisa kana chero yeimwe inozivikanwa pseudo-pedagogical zvirongwa muzvizhinji zvirongwa zvececechetical haigoni kukwikwidza pamwe nekunyengera kwetsika yorufu.

Iyo nzira yekuvandudzwa kwakasimba kweyekunamata yemweya inomiririrwa nezvipo nomwe zvinofanirwa kutsikwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, uye masimba manomwe anogona kubatira nhasi, sezvavakaitira nhoroondo zhinji yeKereke, sevatungamiriri vakanakira munzira iyoyo. Zvichida inguva yekumutsa iyo yetsika yevakabhabhatidzwa se "mauto aKristu", mutsara uyo wanga uri unathema yezvinyorwa zveKaturike zvemakumi emakore. Zvisinei nenyaya yekuti post-Vatatu II zeitgeist vakapokana nepfungwa yekuti "varwi" mune zvese zvechitendero, chinzvimbo ichi chakaratidza kuve chinotsausa - nekuongororwa kwekuvimbika kwezvakataurwa neGwaro Matsvene nezvazvo zviitiko zvepasirese muhupenyu hwedu hwese. Kukundwa kweSoviet Union, semuenzaniso, zvingadai zvisina kuitika kunze kwehondo yaJohn Paul II isina hutsinye mukutsvaga chinangwa chakakwana. Zvipo zvinomwe zveMweya Mutsvene zvombo zvedu zvemweya zvehondo yemweya yeupenyu hwezuva nezuva.