Kuzvipira kweA Ave Maria, nyaya yekurumbidza
kubva mubhuku raRené Laurentin, L'Ave Maria, Queriniana, Brescia 1990, pp. 11-21.
Munamato uyu kuna Maria unobvepi uchibva, iyo nzira inodzokororwa munyika muno? Yakagadzirwa sei?
Muchechi yekutanga, iyo Ave Maria haina kutaurwa. Uye wekutanga wevaKristu, Maria, uyo kukwazisa uku kwainge kwataurwa kunengirozi, aisafanira kudzokorora. Kunyangwe nanhasi, paanonamata pamwe nevanoona, vakabata korona, haati Rumbidzai Maria. MuLourdes, Bernadette paakadzokorora rozari pamberi pake, Mukadzi wegirosa akazvibatanidza naGloria, asi "haana kufambisa miromo yake" musikana paakaverenga Rumbidzai Marys. MuMedjugorje, apo Mhandara painonamata nevanoona - inova ndiyo kumagumo ekuonekwa kwese - ndiko kutaura navo Pater neGloria. isina iyo Ave (iyo vaoni vakadzokorora pamberi pekuonekwa).
Munamato kuvatsvene wakatanga rini?
Iyo Ave Maria yakaumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma, zvishoma nezvishoma, pamusoro pemazana emakore.
Zvekare zvakare, munamato wakakosha wekereke unoendeswa kuna Baba kuburikidza neMwanakomana. Mukurashikirwa kwechiLatin, minamato mbiri chete ndiyo inoiswa kuna Kristu; yekutanga neyechitatu yemutambo weCopus Christi. Uye hapana minamato inoitirwa kuMweya Mutsvene, kunyangwe pazuva rePentecosti.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti Mwari ndiye hwaro uye rutsigiro rwemunamato wese uripo, unoumbwa uye unoyerera muna Iye chete. Saka sei minamato isingataurwe kuna Baba asi kune vamwe? Basa ravo nderei uye nderechokwadi?
Iyi minamato yechipiri: antiphons nenziyo, semuenzaniso. Vanoshumirwa kuti vatorese zvisungo zvedu pamwe nevasanangurwa muKudya kweVatendi.
Haisi nyaya yekubiridzira mhemberero idzo dzinogona kupokana nemunamato wakakosha wekereke. Aya mafomu akanyorwa mumunyengetero mumwe chete, mune izvo zvinosimbisa kuna Mwari oga, nekuti isu tinoenda kwaari pamwe, kwete pasina kureverera, uye tinowana vamwe muna Mwari, vese mune zvese.
Saka munamato kuvatsvene wakatanga rini? Nenguva isipi maChristu vakanzwa hukama hwakadzama nevatendi vaive vakunda kutambudzika kwakanyanya nekuda kwekuvimbika kuna She, uye vakawedzera mumuviri wavo chibayiro cha Kristu, kumuviri wake unova iyo kereke (Col 1,24). Vamakwikwi aya vakaratidza nzira inoenda kuruponeso. Iko kunamatwa kwevakatongerwa kutenda kwakatanga kubva muzana remakore rechipiri.
Mushure mekutambudzwa, vapanduki vakakumbira kureverera kwevanoreurura kwekutenda (vapenyu vakatendeka, dzimwe nguva vanoiswa maronda avo), kuti vawane kutendeuka nekugadziriswa. A fortiori, rubatsiro rwakaitwa kune vakafira kutenda avo vakasvika kuna Kristu, vachipa zvizere humbowo "hwerudo rukuru" (Jn 15,13:XNUMX).
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mushure meizvi zvese, muzana ramakore rechina uye pamwe kumberi zvishoma, vatsvene vanozvinyima, naMaria, vakatanga kutaurwa vari vega.
Nzira iyo Rumbidzai Maria yakava munamato
Izwi rekutanga reA Ave Maria: sachigaro, 'fara', iro rinozivisa chiziviso chemutumwa, rinoratidzika kunge rakateedzerwa, kubva muzana ramakore rechitatu, pagrafiti rakawanikwa muNazareta, pamadziro eimba iyo yakashanyirwa munguva pfupi. nemaKristu senzvimbo ye Annunciation.
Uye mujecha rerenje reEjipitori munamato wakanyorerwa Maria wakawanikwa papumburu iyo nyanzvi dzakadzokera kuzana ramakore rechitatu. Munamato uyu waizivikanwa asi waifungidzirwa kuti waibva kuMiddle Ages. Hezvino izvi: «Pasi pejasi retsitsi tinopotera, Amai vaMwari (theotokos). Usarambe zvikumbiro zvedu, asi nenzira inotiponesa kubva munjodzi, [Imi] moga makachena uye makakomborerwa. ”1
Kusvika kumagumo ezana ramakore rechina, dzidziso yemamwe machechi ekumabvazuva akasarudza zuva rekurangarira Maria, pamberi pemutambo weKisimusi (sevakafira kutenda vakanga vayeukwa kare). Ndangariro dzaMaria dzaisagona kuva nenzvimbo kunze kwekunge padivi peMweya. Vaparidzi vakadzokorora mazwi engirozi, vachizvitaurira ivo kuna Maria. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakave "prosopopoeia", nzira yekunyora uye yekutaurisa iyo iyo inotaura nehunhu kubva kare: "O Fabrizio, ndiani angadai akafunga mweya wako mukuru!" akadanidzira Jean-Jacques Rousseau, muhurukuro pamusoro peSainzi neUbudiriro, izvo zvakaita mbiri yake muna 1750.
Asi munguva pfupi, prosopope yakava munamato.
Mhemberero yechinyakare yerudzi urwu, inonzi yakanyorwa naGregory weNyssa, inoita kunge yakaendeswa kuKesariya yeKapadhokiya, pakati pemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemanomwe nemakumi matatu neshanu. Muparidzi akataura pamusoro pekukwazisa kwaGabriel, achibatanidza vanhu vechiKristu nayo: "Ngatitaurei zvinonzwika, maererano mazwi engirozi: Fara, uzere nenyasha, Tenzi anemi […]. Kubva kwauri kwakauya uyo akakwana mukuremekedza uye anogara kuzara kwehuMwari. Farai zvizere nenyasha, Ishe anemi; Pamuranda mambo; neuyo asina hunhu uyo anotsvenesa zvakasikwa; neyakanaka, tsvarakadenga yevana vevanhu, kununura murume akagadzirwa nemufananidzo wake ».
Imwe mhuri, inonzi yakanyorwa naGregory weNissa pachake, uye yaiitirwa kupemberera kumwechete, inotorawo rumbidzo yaErizabheti kunaMaria: Wakakomborerwa pakati pevakadzi (Lk 1,42:XNUMX): "Hongu, wakaropafadzwa iwe pakati pevakadzi, nekuda kwemhandara dzese wakasarudzwa; nekuti iwe watongwa semunhu akakodzera kugamuchira Ishe wakadai; nekuti wakagamuchira iye anozadza zvese…; nekuti wave pfuma yeparera remweya.
Chikamu chechipiri cheA Ave Maria chinobva kupi?
Chikamu chechipiri cheA Ave: "Maria Mutsvene, Amai vaMwari", ine nhoroondo ichangoburwa. Iine mavambo ayo mumitero yevatsvene, iyo yakadzokera kuzana rechinomwe. Maria akatanga kukumbirwa achangotevera Mwari: "Sancta Maria, kana a pro nobis, Santa Maria mutinamatire".
Iyi fomula yakagadziridzwa nemataurirwo akasiyana, uye nokudaro yakawedzerwa pano neapo kune fomura yemubhaibheri yeA Ave Maria.
Muparidzi mukuru St. Bernardino weSiena (1,42th century) akatoti: "Kune ichi chikomborero icho Ave chinopera: Iwe wakakomborerwa pakati pevakadzi (Lk XNUMX) tinogona kuwedzera: Maria Mutsvene, tinamatire isu vatadzi" .
Mamwe marapirwo ehafu yechipiri yezana regumi neshanu ane fomati iyi. Isu tinoiwana mune s. Pietro Canisio muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Yekupedzisira: "izvozvi uye neawa rekufa kwedu" inoonekwa mumutauro weFranciscan wegore ra1525. Iyo breviary yakagadzwa naPius V muna 1568 yakaigamuchira: yakaraira kudzokororwa kwePater neA Ave pakutanga kweAwa yega yega. Aya ndiwo maitiro edu Rumbidzai Maria akazviwana ave kuburitswa nekushambadzirwa muhuwandu hwazvo, muchimiro chatinoziva.
Asi iyi fomura yekubika yeRoma yakatora nguva kuti ipararire. Vazhinji vapfuuri vasina hanya nazvo vakanyangarika. Vamwe vakaigamuchira zvishoma nezvishoma ndokuiparadzira pakati pevapristi, uye kuburikidza navo pakati pevanhu. Iko kusanganisa kunenge kwaitika zvizere muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Kana ari epithet "murombo" pamberi pe "vatadzi", haimo mumavara echiLatin. Iko kuwedzera kwezana ramakore rechi2,10: chikumbiro chekuzvininipisa chetsitsi netsitsi. Kuwedzera uku, uko kwakashoropodzwa sekuwandisa uye kuwanda, kunoratidza chokwadi chakaviri: hurombo hwemutadzi nenzvimbo yakapihwa varombo muvhangeri: "Vakakomborerwa varombo," anodaro Jesu, uye pakati pavo anosanganisira vatadzi, ai ayo Akanaka Mashoko anotaurwa zvakanyanya: "Handina kuuya kuzodana vakarurama, asi vatadzi" (Mk XNUMX: XNUMX).
Dudziro
Kana chirevo chechiLatin chakasimbiswa kubva panguva yaSaint Pius V muzana ramakore regumi nenhanhatu, Ave Maria yakashandurwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzakasiyana idzo dzimwe nguva dzinogadzira kusava nechokwadi mukudzokorora.
Vachinetsekana nekuvandudza mafomura, vamwe vatsananguri vanotenda (nechikonzero chakanaka sezvatichaona) kuti izwi rekutanga reA Ave harisi kukwazisa kwakajairika, asi kukokwa kumufaro wemesiya: "Farai". Nekudaro musiyano watichadzoka nawo.
Dudziro ye fructus ventris tui nemuchero wechibereko chako waiita kunge wakakomba kune vamwe. Uye kunyangwe pamberi pekanzuru, mamwe ma diocese aifarira "chibereko chedumbu rako". Vamwe vakataura kuti: "uye akaropafadza Jesu mwanakomana wako": izvo zvinotapira huchokwadi hwechinyorwa chebhaibheri chinoburitsa pachena nezveMweya: "Tarira, uchava nemimba mudumbu rako" anodaro mutumwa munaRk 1,31:1,42. Iye anoshandisa chirevo cheprosaic gastér, achichifarira koilia: chibereko chamai [= chibereko], nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakadzama zvebhaibheri nezvibhaibheri zvatichadzokera. Asi Lk XNUMX umo maropafadzo aErizabheti anowanikwa, nenzira kwayo inoshandisa izwi chairo: koilia. Chibereko chedumbu rako chakakomborerwa.
Vamwe vanosarudza kubvisa kuwedzera kwakashata pamberi pevatadzi, nekuvimbika kuchinyorwa chechiLatin.
Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwepashure-conciliar, pachinzvimbo chaizvozvo Ngazvive saizvozvo, Ameni anonzi, asi kune avo vanobvisa chirevo chekupedzisira ichi.
Mushure mekanzuru, minamato yemaisikirwo netsika zvakadudzirwa neiyo tu. Mhinduro iyi yakagamuchirwa kunze kwekuvimbika kune mitauro yeBhaibheri neLatin, iyo inofuratira iwe wekuremekedza. Shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzainge dzakareba dzakabatanidzwa neiyo tu. Kufunga uye homogeneity yeshanduro dzemashure-conciliar dzakakurudzira mhinduro iyi. Yakanga isiri yekuvandudza, nekuti nziyo dzakakurumbira dzakataura kuna Mwari kare pamberi pekanzuru. Zvine chiremerera: «Taura, raira, règne, nous sommes tous à Toi Jesu ) "
Musangano weFrance Episcopal wakatora mukana wechiitiko ichi kujekesa dudziro yemubatanidzwa wePater, iyo yakagamuchirwa nekutenda kwese kune nyika dzinotaura chiFrench. Zvingave zvine musoro zvakare kukurudzira zvakare idzva yepamutemo dudziro yeA Ave Maria. Sei zvisina kuitwa?
Mabhishopi aya vaisada kumutsa kusarudzika pane 'iwe', nekuti ivo vaisazoshaya pane yakakosha poindi sekuzvipira kwaMarian.
Shanduro yemubatanidzwa yechiFrench yePater (inofara kwazvo kubva pamaonero echechi, nekuti inobvumira maKristu ekureurura kwese kudzokorora Munyengetero waIshe pamwe chete) yakanga yamutsa imwe gakava. Iyo pre-conciliar dudziro: Usatibvumidze kuti tikunde muyedzo yave Usazviise pasi pedu pamuedzo. Abbé Jean Carmignac, muJudha ane mukurumbira, akarwa hupenyu hwake hwese achipesana neshanduro iyi yaaifunga kuti haina kutendeka uye inosemesa kuna Mwari:
- Dhiyabhorosi anoedza, kwete Musiki, akadaro. Nekudaro akakurudzira: Chenjera kubvuma kuyedzwa.
Carmignac akazviita bhizinesi kwete chete resainzi, asi nehana. Nekuda kweichi akasiya iyo parishi yaida kuti aridze kudzokorora zviri pamutemo, ndokutamira kune imwe Parishi yeParis (San Francesco de Sales) iyo yaimutendera kushandisa fomura yake.
Kuti varege kumutsa kumwe kukakavadzana mumhepo yakanga yatotanga kuita dutu yakatungamira mukuparadzaniswa kwaMonsignor Lefebvre, bhishopu akadzivisa kujekesa dudziro yeA Ave Maria.
Vamwe vakatora danho rekudzokorodza padyo nezvinyorwa zvebhaibheri, zvakafanana ne 'iwe' wekusuwa. Izvo zvinosiya mutambo mune inochinja mamiriro, kune wese munhu anochinja sezvaanogona.
Kunyangwe pachezvangu ini ndichisarudza dudziro: Farai, ndinonamatira kune pre-conciliar fomula, haina kumbobvira yashandurwa zviri pamutemo uye zvakanyanya kuwanda, pandinoti rozari neboka revanhu vanobva pasirese. Kune rimwe divi, munharaunda dzave kuda imwe mhinduro, ndinofara kunamatira mukushandisa kwavo.
Zvinoratidzika sekuchenjera, kutsanangura iyi nyaya, kumirira mamiriro akazadzikiswa zvakakwana.