Chiyuda: chii chinoreva Shomer?
Kana iwe wakambonzwa chero munhu achiti ini ndiShabat shomer, unogona kunge uchinetseka kuti chii chaizvo chinoreva. Izwi rekuti shomer (שומר, plural shomrim, שומרים) rinobva mushoko reChihebheru shamar (שמר) uye rinoreva kuti kurinda, kutarisa kana kuchengetedza. Inowanzoshandiswa kurondedzera zvinoitwa nemumwe munhu uye zvinoonekwa mumutemo wechiHebheru, kunyangwe ichishandiswa sezita mumutauro wechihebheru wemazuva ano kutsanangura basa rekuchengetedza (semuenzaniso, inzvimbo yekuchengetedza museum).
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yakajairika yekushandisa shomer:
Kana munhu akachengeta kosher, anonzi shomer kashrut, zvichireva kuti anoteera yakawandisa mitemo yezvekudya zvechiJuda.
Mumwe munhu anove shomer Shabbat kana shomer Shabbos anochengeta iyo yose mirairo nemirairo weSabata revaJudha.
Izwi rekuti shomer negiah rinoreva mumwe munhu anoteerera kune iyo mitemo iyo ine chekuita nekubatana nehukadzi kana munhukadzi.
Shomer mumutemo wechiJuda
Uyezve, shomer mumutemo wechiJuda (halacha) munhu ane basa rekuchengetedza pfuma kana zvinhu zvemumwe munhu. Mitemo ye shomer inotangira muna Ekisodo 22: 6-14
(6) Kana murume akapa mari kana midziyo kumuvakidzani kuti ichengetedzwe, uye akabiwa mumba memurume iyeye, kana mbavha ikawanikwa, inofanira kuripa kaviri. (7) Kana mbavha ikasawanikwa, muridzi wemba anofanira kuenda kuvatongi, [kuti vapike] kuti haana kuisa ruoko rwake pazvinhu zvemuvakidzani. (8) Pamashoko ese anotadza, enzombe, yedhongi, yegwayana, yenguo, yechinhu chipi zvacho chakarasika, nezvazvichazotaura saizvozvo, chikumbiro chemativi ese vatongi, uye nechero ani vatongi vanobvuma mhosva, anofanira kubhadhara muvakidzani wake kaviri. (9) Kana munhu akapa muvakidzani wake dhongi, nzombe, gwayana, kana chipfuwo chekuchengeta, uye iye akafa, akatyoka gumbo kana kubatwa uye hakuna munhu anomuona, (10) mhiko yaIshe ichave iri maviri akapiwa kuti asaise ruoko rwake pazvinhu zvemuvakidzani, uye muridzi wake anozozvitambira, uye haafanire kubhadhara. (11) Asi kana zvikabiwa kubva kwaari, anofanira kubhadhara muridzi wacho. (12) Kana akabvamburwa-bvamburwa, anofanira kupupura; [kune] akabvamburwa uyo asingafaniri kubhadhara. (13) Uye kana munhu akakwereta [mhuka] kubva kumuvakidzani wake ndokutyoka gumbo kana kufa, kana muridzi wayo asipo, zvirokwazvo anofanira kubhadhara. (14) Kana muridzi wayo ainaye, haafanire kubhadhara; kana ari munhu wemaricho, auya kuzoroja.
Zvikwata zvina zveShomer
Kubva pane izvi, vachenjeri vakauya muzvikamu zvina zve shomer uye, muchiitiko chega chega, munhu wacho anofanira kunge achida, kwete kumanikidzwa, kuve shomer.
shomer hinam: mupi asina kubhadharwa (kubva kuna Ekisodho 22: 6-8)
shomer sachar: muchengeti wakabhadharwa (kubva kuna Ekisodho 22: 9-12)
Socher: roja (zvichibva munaEksodho 22:14)
shoel: anokwereta (anobva muna Ekisodho 22: 13-14)
Rimwe nerimwe remapoka aya rine zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemitemo zvinosungirwa maererano nendima dzinoenderana muna Ekisodho 22 (Mishnah, Bava Metzia 93a). Kunyangwe nanhasi, munyika yevaOrthodox, mitemo yekudzivirira inoshanda uye inoshanda.
Imwe yeanowanzozivikanwa pop tsika mareferenzi anozivikanwa nhasi achishandisa izwi rekuti shomer anouya kubva mufirimu ra1998 "The Big Lebowski," umo John Goodman mutambi Walter Sobchak anoshatirwa mumutambo we bowling nekusarangarira kuti Shabbos anopenga.