Kurwiswa chaipo muBuddha
Mukutaura kwemazuva ano, iyo Buddha's Eightfold Path chirongwa chechisere chikamu chekuziva kujekeswa uye kuzvisunungura kubva ku dukkha (kutambura). Iko kukosheswa chaiko chikamu chechisere chegwara. Zvinoda varapi kuti vaise pfungwa dzavo dzose pachinhu chemuviri kana chepfungwa uye kudzidzira maAn Absorptions, anonziwo Four Dhyanas (Sanskrit) kana Four Jhanas (Pali).
Tsanangudzo yemakorinari akakodzera muBuddha
Izwi rePali rakashandurwa muChirungu se "concentration" ndiye samadhi. Midzi yemazwi samadhi, sam-a-dha, anoreva "kuunganidza".
Mushakabvu John Daido Loori Roshi, mudzidzisi weSoto Zen, akati: “Samadhi inzvimbo yekuziva iyo inopfuura kungomutsa, kurota kana kurara hope huru. Iko kudzikira kwesimba redu repfungwa kuburikidza nekamwe-poindi yevasungwa ". Samadhi irumwe rudzi rweimwe-yakatarisana kusungwa; kutarisa, semuenzaniso, pane chishuwo chekutsiva, kana kunyangwe pakudya kunonaka, haisi samadhi. Asi, sekutaura kwaBhikkhu Bodhi's Noble Eightfold Path, "Samadhi ndeyekufungisisa kwakanaka, kuisa pfungwa mune hutano hwepfungwa. Kunyangwe ipapo huwandu hwayo hwekuita hwakatonyanya kurambidzwa: hazvireve chero chimiro chekusimbisa kwakanaka, asi chete kukwirisa kwakakwira kunobva mukuedza nemaune kusimudzira pfungwa kune yakakwira uye yakanatswa nhanho yekuziva. "
Zvimwe zvikamu zviviri zvegwara - Kurudyi Kurudyi uye Kurangarira Kwechokwadi - zvinosanganawo nekuranga kwepfungwa. Ivo vanotaridzika kufanana neChinhu Chakanangana, asi zvinangwa zvavo zvakasiyana. Kuedza chaiko kunoreva kurima izvo zvakanaka uye kuchenesa kubva pane zvisina kunaka, nepo Kurangarira kwakanaka kuchinongedzera pakuve uripo zvizere uye uchiziva muviri wako, pfungwa, pfungwa uye zvakakukomberedza.
Iwo mazinga ekufunga kwepfungwa anonzi dhyanas (Sanskrit) kana jhanas (Pali). Pakutanga kweBuddhism, kwaive nemadhina mana, kunyange zvikoro zvakazozvikwidziridza kuita mapfumbamwe uye dzimwe nguva akati wandei. Iwo mana akakosha Dhyanas akanyorwa pazasi.
The Four Dhyanas (kana Jhanas)
Iwo mana dhyanas, jana kana kumisikidzwa ndiyo nzira yekunyatsoona huchenjeri hwedzidziso dzaBuddha. Kunyanya, kuburikidza nekwakanangana kwakakodzera, tinogona kusunungurwa kubva mukunyepedzera kwega kwakazvimiririra.
Kuti uwane ma dhyanas, mumwe anofanirwa kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvishanu: chishuwo chenyama, kuda zvakaipa, usimbe uye kuvevesa, kusagadzikana uye kunetseka uye kusahadzika. Maererano nemamongi wechiBhudha anonzi Henepola Gunaratana, chimwe nechimwe chezvipingamupinyi izvi chinotariswa nenzira yakati: “kurangarira zvine hungwaru hunhu hunosemesa hwezvinhu ndiwo mushonga wechido chenyama; kurangarirwa kwouchenjeri kwomutsa worudo kunodzivisa ruvengo; kufungisisa zvine hungwaru zvinhu zvekuedza, kushanda nesimba uye kuzvipira zvinopesana nehusimbe nehusimbe; kufunga zvine hungwaru kudzikama kwepfungwa kunobvisa kusagadzikana uye kunetseka; uye kufunga kwehungwaru kwehunhu chaihwo hwezvinhu kunobvisa kusahadzika. "
Mune yekutanga dhyana, zvisakiso zvishuwo, zvishuvo uye pfungwa zvinoburitswa. Munhu anogara mune yekutanga dhyana anosangana ecstasy uye yakadzika pfungwa kugara.
Mune wechipiri dhyana, chiitiko chehungwaru chinonyangarika uye chinotsiviwa nerunyararo nekusunganidzwa kwepfungwa. Kubvutwa uye pfungwa yekugara zvakanaka kwedhyana yekutanga ichiripo.
Mune dhyana yechitatu, kubvutwa kunonyangarika uye kunotsiviwa nekuenzana (upekkha) uye kujekesa kukuru.
Mune dhyana yechina, manzwiro ese anomira uye kungoziva kuenzana kwakasara.
Mune zvimwe zvikoro zveBuddhism, dhyana yechina inorondedzerwa seyakajeka chiitiko chisina "chiitiko". Kubudikidza neichi chakanangana neruzivo, munhu akazvimiririra uye akapatsanurwa anoonekwa sekunyepedzera.
Nyika ina dzisiri dzepanyika
MuTheravada uye zvimwe zvimwe zvikoro zvechiBhudha, nyika ina dzisingafadzi dzinosvika mushure meChina Dhyana. Iyi tsika inoitirwa sekupfuura kuraira kwepfungwa uye kukwana izvo zvinhu zvakafanana zvekuzvisimbisa ivo pachavo. Chinangwa cheichi chiitiko ndechokubvisa zvese zvinoratidzwa uye zvimwe zvinonzwa izvo zvingangoramba zvichitevera dhyana.
Muzvikamu zvina zvisingaori, imwe inotanga kunatsa nzvimbo isina kusingaperi, yobva yaziva kusingaperi, yobva isiri yezvinhu, saka kusanzwisisa kana kusaona. Basa iri pazinga rakakura kwazvo uye rinokwanisika chete kune nyanzvi yepamusoro.
Vandudza uye dzidzira yakakodzera pfungwa
Zvikoro zvakasiyana zveBuddhism zvakagadzira nzira dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana dzekuvandudza kutarisisa. Iko kukoshesa kwakakodzera kunowanzo sangana nekufungisisa. MuSanskrit ne Pali, izwi rekufungisisa ndi bhavana, zvinoreva kuti "tsika dzepfungwa". Buddhist bhavana haisi tsika yekuzorora, uye zvakare haisi yekuve neyekunze-kwemuviri zviratidzo kana zviitiko. Chaizvoizvo, bhavana inzira yekugadzirira pfungwa kuti uone kujekeswa.
Kuti uwane tarisiro chaiyo, vazhinji vehunyanzvi vachatanga nekugadzira mamiriro akakodzera. Munyika yakanaka, maitiro acho anozoitirwa mumamongi; kana zvisiri, zvakakosha kusarudza nzvimbo yakanyarara isina zvinokanganisa. Ikoko, murapi anotora chimiro chakasununguka asi chakamira (kazhinji munzvimbo yemuchinjikwa-ine makumbo akasvinura) uye anotarisisa kutarisa kwake pane izwi (mantra) rinogona kudzokororwa kanoverengeka, kana pachinhu chakadai sechiumbwa cheBuddha.
Kufungisisa kunongosanganisira kufema zvakasikwa uye kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chakasarudzwa kana kurira. Sezvo pfungwa dzinodzungaira, murapi "anozviona nekukurumidza, anozvitora, uye zvinyoro-nyoro asi akasimba anozvidzosera kuchinhu, achidzokorora kakawanda pazvinenge zvakakodzera."
Kunyange kuita uku kuchiratidzika kunge kuri nyore (uye kuri), kwakaomera vanhu vazhinji nekuti pfungwa nemifananidzo zvinogara zvichimuka. Mukuita kwekuzadzikisa tarisiro chaiyo, varapi vangangoda kushanda kwemakore nerubatsiro rwemudzidzisi anokwanisa kukunda chishuwo, hasha, kusagadzikana kana kusahadzika.