Iyo Darshanas: kusuma kwehunyanzvi hwechiHindu
Iwo Darshanas zvikoro zveuzivi zvakavakirwa paVedas. Ivo chikamu chemavara matanhatu echiHindu, mamwe mashanu ari shrutis, Smritis, Itihasa, Purana naAgamas. Nepo zvina zvekutanga zviine mutsananguro uye chechishanu kukurudzira uye manzwiro, Darshanas ndizvo zvikamu zvehungwaru zvezvinyorwa zvechiHindu. Mabhuku eDarshana huzivi mune zvakasikwa uye hwakagadzirirwa vadzidzi vane hunyanzvi hwekunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa. Nepo maItihasas, maPuranas neAgamas akaitirwa masasi uye kukwezva pamoyo, Darshanas inonakidza kune vakangwara.
Huzivi hwechiHindu hwakakamurwa sei?
Hindu huzivi hune zvikamu matanhatu - Shad-Darsana - iyo nhanhatu Darshanas kana nzira dzekuona zvinhu, kazhinji dzinodaidzwa kuti zvitanhatu hurongwa kana zvikoro zvekufunga. Izvo zvikamu zvitanhatu zvehuchenjeri zvishandiso zvekuonesa chokwadi. Chikoro chega chega chakadudzira, chaienzanisa uye nekugadzirisa zvikamu zvakasiyana zveVedas nenzira yavo. Sisitimu yega yega ine Sutrakara yayo, ndiko kuti, iye chete mukuru sage akagadzirisa dzidziso dzechikoro uye munguva pfupi akazviisa mune aphorisms kana Sutras.
Ndeapi maitiro matanhatu ehuchenjeri hweHindu?
Izvo zvikoro zvakasiyana zvekufunga nzira dzakasiyana dzinotungamira kune imwecheteyo chinangwa. Masisitimu matanhatu ndeanotevera:
Iyo Nyaya: Sage Gautama akagadzira nheyo dzeNhau kana yeIndia zvine musoro system. Nyaya inoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha pakuongororwa kwehupi huchenjeri.
Vaiseshika: Vaiseshika chinyorwa cheNyaya. Kanada akachenjera akaumba Vaiseshika Sutra.
The Sankhya: Sage Kapila akatanga iyo Sankhya system.
Yoga: yoga inowedzera kune Sankhya. Sage Patanjali akaronga chikoro cheYoga ndokunyora Yoga Sutras.
Mimamsa: Sage Jaimini, mudzidzi wemukuru savan Vyasa, akaumba Sutras yeChikoro cheMammsa, iyo yakavakirwa pazvikamu zvetsika dzeVedas.
Vedanta: Vedanta ndiko kukudza uye kuziva Sankhya. Sage Badarayana akaenzanisa Vedanta-Sutra kana Brahma-Sutra uyo airatidza dzidziso dzeUpanishads.
Chii chinangwa cheDarshanas?
Vavariro yevatanhatu vese veDashanas kubviswa kwekusaziva uye nemhedzisiro yavo kurwadziwa uye kutambudzika, uye kuzadzikiswa kwerusununguko rusingaperi, kukwana uye kufara kubva kubatanidzwa kwemweya wega kana Jivatman neMweya Mukuru. o Paramatman. Nyaya inodaidza Mithya Jnana kusaziva kana kuziva nhema. Sankhya anoidana kuti Aviveka kana kusasarura pakati peiyo chaiyo neiyo isipo. Vedanta vanozviti Avidya kana kuti nescience. Imwe yega yehungwaru inoda kupedza kusaziva kuburikidza neruzivo kana Jnana uye kuwana mufaro usingaperi.
Ndekupindirana kupi pakati pematanho matanhatu
Munguva yeSankaracharya nguva, zvese zvitanhatu zvikoro zvehunyanzvi zvakabudirira. Zvikoro zvitanhatu zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu:
Nyaya naVaiseshika
Sankhya uye Yoga
Mimamsa naVedanta
Nyaya uye Vaiseshika: Nyaya neVaiseshika zvinopa ongororo yenyika yechiitiko. Kubva mukudzidza kweNyaya neVaiseshika, munhu anodzidza kushandisa huchenjeri hwomunhu kuwana zvikanganiso uye kuziva bumbiro repasi rose. Ivo vanorongedza zvinhu zvese zvepasi mune mamwe marudzi kana mapoka kana Padartha. Ivo vanotsanangura maitiro akagadzira pasi rino rezvinhu zvese nemaatomu uye mamorekuru uye vanoratidza nzira yekusvika Kwazvo Kuziva - iko kwaMwari.
Sankhya & Yoga: kuburikidza nekudzidza kweSankhya, munhu anokwanisa kunzwisisa nzira yekushanduka. Yakatumirwa nemuchenjeri mukuru Kapila, anofungidzirwa sababa vepfungwa, iyo Sankhya inopa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwepfungwa dzechiHindu. Kudzidza uye kuita kweYoga kunopa pfungwa yekuzvidzora uye kugona kwepfungwa nepfungwa. Yoga uzivi inobata nekufungisisa uye kutonga kweVrittis kana mafungu ekufunga uye inoratidza nzira dzekuraira pfungwa nepfungwa. Izvo zvinobatsira kukudziridza kusimbisa uye kusimbisa kwepfungwa uye kupinda mune isingazivikanwe nyika inozivikanwa seNirvikalpa Samadhi.
Mimamsa naVedanta: Mimamsa ine zvikamu zviviri: iyo "Purva-Mimamsa" inobata neKarma-Kanda yeVedas inobata chiitiko, uye "Uttara-Mimamsa" naJnana-Kanda, inobata nezivo. Iyo yekupedzisira inozivikanwa zvakare se "Vedanta-Darshana" uye inoita dombo rekona reHinduism. Vedanta uzivi hunotsanangura zvakadzama hunhu hweBrahman kana kuti Husingagumi uye hunoratidza kuti mweya wega, sezvauri, wakafanana neKupusa. Inopa nzira dzekubvisa Avidya kana chifukidzo chekusaziva uye kusangana mukati megungwa rezvinofadza, i.e. Brahman. Nekuita kweVedanta, munhu anogona kusvika pacho pekunamata kana kubwinya kwaMwari uye nekubatana neMunhu Mukurusa.
Ndeipi hurongwa hunogutsa kwazvo hweIndia?
Vedanta ndiyo inonyanya kugutsa yehunyanzvi system uye mushure mekushanduka kubva kuUpanishads, yakatsiva zvimwe zvimwe zvikoro. Sekureva kwaVedanta, kuzviona pachako kana Jnana ndicho chinhu chikuru, uye tsika uye kunamatwa zvinhu zviri nyore. Karma inogona kuunza mumwe kudenga asi haigoni kuparadza kutenderera kwekuzvarwa uye kufa uye haigone kupa kusingaperi mufaro uye kusafa.