Iyo coronavirus yakasikwa murabhoritari here? Nyanzvi iyi inopindura
Sezvo coronavirus nyowani inokonzeresa COVID-19 kutenderera kutenderera pasirese, nemacesi aro anodarika 284.000 pasirese (Kurume 20), disinformation iri kupararira kunge nekukurumidza.
Ngano inoramba iripo ndeyekuti hutachiona uhu, hunonzi SARS-CoV-2, hwakagadzirwa nemasayendisiti ndokutiza kubva murabhoritari muWuhan, China, uko kwakatangira kumuka uku.
Ongororo nyowani yeSARS-CoV-2 inogona kuzoisa zano rekupedzisira kuti rizorore. Boka revaongorori rakafananidza genome yenyaya ino yenyowani coronavirus nemamwe manomwe coronaviruses anozivikanwa kutapurira vanhu: SARS, MERS uye SARS-CoV-2, inogona kukonzera chirwere chakakomba; pamwe neHKU1, NL63, OC43, uye 229E, izvo zvinowanzo kukonzera zviratidzo zvinyoro chete, vatsvagurudzo vakanyora Kurume 17 mumagazini Nature Medicine.
"Ongororo dzedu dzinoratidza pachena kuti SARS-CoV-2 haisi marabhoritari anovaka kana hutachiona hunonyanya kushandiswa," vanonyora muchinyorwa chemagazini.
Kristian Andersen, purofesa wehukama hwehutachiona uye microbiology paScripps Research, nevamwe vake vakaongorora mhando yemaprotein anobuda pamusoro pehutachiona. Iyo coronavirus inoshandisa aya ma spiki kubata ekunze maseru maseru ewaigarira uyezve ndokupinda iwo maseru. Vakanyatso tarisa marongero ejeni anokonzeresa maviri akakosha maficha epamusoro epuroteni: iyo inobvuta, inonzi dura rekusunga-rinosunga, iro rinonamatira kumakamuri ekuchengetedza; nenzvimbo inonzi cleavage site iyo inoita kuti hutachiona huvhure nekupinda mumasero iwayo.
Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuti chikamu "chekwakakochekerwa" chepamusoro chakange chashanduka kunanga chinogamuchira kunze kwemasero emunhu anonzi ACE2, iyo inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa BP. Inoshanda kwazvo pakusunga kumasero emunhu zvekuti vatsvaguriri vakati mapuroteni epiki aive mhedzisiro yesarudzo kwete echisikirwo.
Ndicho chikonzero nei: SARS-CoV-2 yakabatana zvakanyanya nehutachiona hunokonzera zvakanyanya kuporesa chirwere chekufema (SARS), icho chakadzipwa pasirese makore angangoita makore makumi maviri apfuura. Masayendisiti akadzidza kuti SARS-CoV inosiyana sei neSARS-CoV-20 - neshanduko dzinoverengeka kumavara akakosha muiyo genetic code. Asi mumakomputa simulation, shanduko muSARS-CoV-2 inoita kunge isinga shande zvakanaka mukubatsira hutachiona kusunga kumasero emunhu. Dai masayendisiti akagadzira hutachiona nemaune, vangadai vasina kusarudza shanduko idzo mhando dzemakomputa dzinoratidza kuti dzaisazoshanda. Asi zvinoitika kuti zvakasikwa zvine hungwaru kupfuura masayendisiti, uye inoverengeka coronavirus yakawana nzira yekuchinja izvo zvaive zvirinani - uye zvakasiyana zvachose - kubva kune chero chinhu icho masayendisiti angadai akagadzira, chidzidzo chakawanikwa.
Imwe chipikiri mune "yakapukunyuka kubva kune yakaipa rabhoritari" dzidziso? Iyo yakazara mamorekuru chimiro cheutachiona ichi chakasiyana neanozivikanwa coronaviruses uye pachinzvimbo zvakanyanya akafanana nemavirusi anowanikwa mumabhata uye pangolines anga asina kudzidza zvakanyanya uye asina kumbozivikanwa kuti anokonzeresa kukuvara kwevanhu.
"Dai mumwe munhu aiyedza kugadzira coronavirus nyowani sehutachiona, vangadai vakaivaka kubva kumusana wehutachiona hunozivikanwa nekukonzera chirwere," sekutaura kweScripps.
Utachiona hunobva kupi? Dare rekutsvaga rakaronga zviitiko zviviri zvingangoitika nezvekwakabva SARS-CoV-2 muvanhu. Mumwe mamiriro anotevera mavambo enyaya ezvimwe zvekare coronaviruses zvakakonzera bongozozo muvanhu. Muchiitiko ichocho, takabata hutachiwana hwakananga kubva kumhuka - civet mune SARS nengamera mune Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Panyaya yeSARS-CoV-2, vaongorori vanoratidza kuti mhuka iyi yaive chiremwaremwa, chakatapurira hutachiona kune imwe mhuka yepakati (ingangove pangolin, mamwe masayendisiti akati) yakatakura hutachiona ichienda kuvanhu.
Muchiitiko ichocho chinogoneka, hunhu hunogonesa iyo nyowani coronavirus kuti inyatsobata hutachiona hwevanhu (ayo masimba epathogenic) ingadai yakave munzvimbo isati yaenderera kune vanhu.
Mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu, izvi pathogenic maficha aingozoshanduka mushure mekunge hutachiona hwapfuura kubva kumhuka inomira kuvanhu. Mamwe ma coronaviruses anobva kupangolines ane "hook hook" (iyo receptor inosunga domain) yakafanana neiya yeSARS-CoV-2. Nenzira iyi, pangolin yaipfuudza hutachiona hwayo zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kumunhu anotambira. Nekudaro, kana yangopinda mukati mevanhu, hutachiona hungadai hwakave nekushanduka kuva nechimwe chayo chisingaonekwe: nzvimbo yekuchenesa iyo inobvumira kuti ipinde nyore nyore mumasero emunhu. Kamwe kugona uku kukavandudzwa, ivo vaongorori vakati iyo coronavirus inogona kutonyanya kupararira pakati pevanhu.
Zvese izvi zvehunyanzvi ruzivo zvinogona kubatsira masayendisiti kufanotaura ramangwana redenda iri. Kana hutachiona hwapinda mumasero emunhu muchimiro chepathogenic, izvi zvinowedzera mukana wekumuka kweramangwana. Utachiona hunogona kuramba huchitenderera muhuwandu hwemhuka uye hunogona kusvetukira kumashure kuvanhu, hwakagadzirira kukonzera kubuda. Asi mikana yekumuka kwakadai kweramangwana yakaderera kana hutachiona hwatanga kupinda muhuwandu hwevanhu hwobva hwachinja hutachiona hwehutachiona, vanotsvaga vakadaro.