Vatican inovhura zvinyorwa zvaPope Pius XII weHondo yechipiri yeHondo
Mushure memakumi emakore ekudzvinyirirwa kubva kune vezvakaitika kare nemapoka echiJuda, Vatican neMuvhuro yakatanga kubvumidza vadzidzi kupinda muzvinyorwa zvaPapa Pius XII, anonetsana weHondo Yenyika II.
Vakuru veChechi yeRoman Catholic vakagara vachimanikidza kuti Pius aite zvese zvaaigona kuponesa hupenyu hwevaJuda. Asi akaramba akanyarara pachena sezvo maJuda anosvika mamirioni matanhatu vakaurayiwa muHolocaust.
Vadzidzi vanopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu vakanyorera kuti vadzidze nezvepapa, kubva muna 150 kusvika 1939. Kazhinji, Vatican inomirira makore makumi manomwe mushure mekupera kwechiratidziro chekuvhura zvinyorwa zvake kune vadzidzi.
Achitaura nevatori venhau musi wa20 Kukadzi, mukuru wemaraibhurari weVatican, Cardinal José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça, akati vese vaongorori, zvisinei nenyika, kutenda uye pfungwa, vanogamuchirwa.
"Chechi haityi nhoroondo," akadaro, achidzokorora mazwi aPapa Francis paakazivisa chinangwa chake chekuvhura zvinyorwa zvePius XII gore rapfuura.
Vakuru veChechi yeRoman Catholic vakagara vachimanikidza kuti Pope Pius XII, anoratidzwa pano pamufananidzo usina kunyorwa, akaita zvese zvaaigona kuponesa hupenyu hwevaJuda. Asi akaramba akanyarara pachena sezvo maJuda anosvika mamirioni matanhatu vakaurayiwa muHolocaust.
Mapoka echiJuda akagamuchira kuvhurwa kwedura. "Mukukoka vanyori venhoroondo nevadzidzi kuti vauye kuruzhinji munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Hondo Yenyika II muVictoria, Pope Francis ari kuratidza kuzvipira pakudzidza nekuburitsa chokwadi, pamwe nekukosha kwekurangarira kweHolocaust," akadaro. World Jewish Congress Mutungamiri Ronald S. Lauder mune chirevo.
Johan Ickx, muchengeti weVietnam, anoti vadzidzi vanokwanisa kuwana mafaera zviri nyore.
"Iye zvino takapasa magwaro anosvika miriyoni nemazana matatu ezviuru akaverengerwa pamadhijita uye akaiswa mukati mawo, kubatsira vatsvakurudzi kuenda nekukurumidza," anodaro.
Vaya vaongorori vanga vakamirira kwenguva yakareba. Mutambi weGerman wa1963, mutevedzeri waRolf Hochhuth, akasimudza mibvunzo nezvechikamu chehondo yaPius ndokumupomera mhosva yekunyarara kwakaomarara muHolocaust. Kuedza kweVatican kumurova kunokanganiswa nezviyeuchidzo zvakajeka muRoma nezvehunhu hwake kumaJuda eguta panguva yehutongi hweNazi.
Dombo pamadziro kunze kwekoreji yemauto muRome inorangarira kuunganidzwa kwemaJuda 1.259. Tinoverenga kuti: “Musi waGumiguru 16, 1943, mhuri dzese dzechiJudha dzakabviswa mudzimba dzavo nevaNazi vakaunzwa pano ndokuzoendeswa kumisasa yekuparadzwa. Pavanhu vanopfuura chiuru, chete gumi nevatanhatu ndivo vakapona ”
Dombo muRome nderekurangarira kutorwa pamwe nekuendeswa kwemhuri dzechiJuda kumisasa yekuparadza mhuri dzevaJudha nevaNazi musi waGumiguru 16, 1943. "Pavanhu vanopfuura chiuru, vanhu gumi nematanhatu chete ndivo vakapona," chinodaro chikwangwani.
Sylvia Poggioli/NPR
Nzvimbo yacho ingori 800 metres kubva kuSt.Peter's Square - "pasi pemahwindo epapa", sezvakataurwa naErnst von Weizsacker, aive panguva iyoyo mumiriri weGerman kuVatican, achitaura nezvaHitler.
David Kertzer weBrown University akanyora zvakanyanya pamusoro pemapapa nemaJuda. Akakunda 2015 Pulitzer Prize yebhuku rake The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe, on the prediciated of Pius XII, and has reserved a desk in the Vatican archives for the following four months.
Kertzer anoti zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa nezve zvakaitwa naPius XII. Izvo zvishoma zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvekufunga kwemukati mukati mehondo yehondo kuVietnam.
"Tinoziva kuti [Pius XII] haana kutora danho roruzhinji," anodaro. “Haana kuratidzira Hitler. Asi ndiani muVatican angadai akamukurudzira kuti adaro? Ndiani angadai akamurayira kuti achenjerere? Iyi ndiyo mhando yechinhu chandinofunga kuti tichawana kana kutarisira kuwana.
Kufanana nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vechechi, Massimo Faggioli, anodzidzisa dzidziso paVillanova University, anoda kuziva nezvechinzvimbo chaPius mushure meHondo Yenyika II, panguva yeCold War. Kunyanya, anobvunza, ko vakuru veVatican vakapindira musarudzo dzeItaly muna 1948, apo paive nemukana chaiwo wekukunda kweCommunist Party?
Runyoro rwaPapa Pius XII rwunoonekwa pakunyorwa kwekutaura kwake muna 1944, kwakaratidzirwa panguva yekushambadzira kutungamirwa kwenhau yeibhurari yeVictoria paPiam Pius XII munaFebruary 27.
"Ndingafarire kuziva kuti pakanga paine kutaurirana kupi pakati pe [Vatican] Secretariat yeHurumende neCIA," anodaro. "Pope Pius ainyatsogutsikana kuti aifanira kudzivirira imwe pfungwa yehupenyu hwevaKristu muEurope kubva kuchikominisi".
Kertzer ane chokwadi chekuti Chechi yeKaturike yakavhundutswa neHolocaust. Muchokwadi, zviuru zvinoverengeka zvevaJudha vakawana utiziro mumachechi eKatorike muItaly. Asi chaanotarisira kuti anzwisise zvirinani kubva mudura raPius ibasa rakaitwa nechechi mukudhimisa kwemaJuda.
"Vakuru vaitengesa kusvibiswa kwemaJuda kwemakumi emakore mazhinji vaisave nyika, yaive chechi," anodaro. "Uye ainyeya maJuda kusvika kuma30 uye kusvika pakutanga kweHolocaust, kana zvisiri mairi, kusanganisira zvinyorwa zvine chekuita neVatican."
Izvi, anodaro Kertzer, ndizvo zviri kuitirwa neVictoria.