Hupenyu hweBuddha, Siddhartha Gautama

Hupenyu hwaSiddhartha Gautama, iye munhu watinoti Buddha, akafukidzwa mungano uye ngano. Kunyangwe vazhinji vezvakaitika kare vachitenda kuti munhu akadaro akambovapo, isu tinoziva zvishoma nezve iye chaiye munhu wenhoroondo. Iyo "yakajairwa" biography, yakataurwa mune ino chinyorwa, inoita kunge yakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva. Yakanga yakanyanya kupedzwa ne "Buddhacarita", nhetembo inoshamisa yakanyorwa naAśvaghoṣa muzana ramakore rechipiri AD.

Kuzvarwa uye mhuri yaSiddhartha Gautama
Anouya Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, akazvarwa muzana rechishanu kana rechitanhatu BC muLumbini (muNepal yanhasi). Siddhartha izita reSanskrit rinoreva "uyo akazadzisa chinangwa" uye Gautama izita remhuri.

Baba vake, Mambo Suddhodana, aive mutungamiri weimba hombe yainzi Shakya (kana Sakya). Kubva muzvinyorwa zvekutanga hazvinyatsojeka kuti anga ari mambo wenhaka here kana kudarika weimba yedzinza. Izvo zvakare zvinoita kuti akasarudzwa kune ichi chimiro.

Suddhodana akaroora hanzvadzi mbiri, Maya naPajapati Gotami. Ivo vanonzi ndivo vaive machindakadzi eimwe mhuri, iyo Koliya, kubva kuchamhembe kweIndia nhasi. Maya aive amai vaSiddhartha uye aive iye oga mwanasikana. Akafa achangoberekwa. Pajapati, uyo akazove munun'una wekutanga wechiBhudha, akarera Siddhartha sewake.

Nenyaya dzese, Muchinda Siddhartha nemhuri yake vaive veKshatriya murwi uye anokudzwa caste. Pakati pehama dzaSiddhartha dzaizivikanwa kwazvo paive nehama yake Ananda, mwanakomana wehama yababa vake. Ananda aizozove mudzidzi waBuddha uye mubatsiri wega. Angadai akave ari mudiki kwazvo kuna Siddhartha, uye ivo vaisazivana sevana.

Uporofita uye muchato wechidiki
Muchinda Siddhartha paakava nemazuva mashoma, zvinonzi, musande akaporofita nezve muchinda. Maererano nemishumo, vasere vapfumbamwe veBrahman vakaita chiporofita ichi. Izvo zvaive zvakafanofungidzirwa kuti mukomana aizove mutongi mukuru kana tenzi mukuru pakunamata. Mambo Suddhodana vakasarudza chekutanga mugumisiro uye vakagadzirira mwanakomana wake saizvozvo.

Akarera mukomana nehukuru hwakawanda uye akamudzivirira kubva paruzivo rwechitendero nekutambudzika kwevanhu. Pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu, akange akaroora hama yake, Yasodhara, aivewo 16. Uyu pasina mubvunzo waive muchato wakarongwa nemhuri, sezvaive tsika panguva iyoyo.

Yasodhara aive mwanasikana wemambo weKoriya naamai vake aive hanzvadzi yaMambo Suddhodana. Aivawo hanzvadzi yaDevadatta, uyo akazova mudzidzi waBhudha uyezve, neimwe nzira, mukwikwidzi une njodzi.

Nzvimbo ina dzendima
Muchinda uyu akasvitsa makore makumi matatu nemasere ekuzvarwa, asina ruzivo rwakakwana rwenyika kunze kwemadziro edzimba dzake dzehuswa. Iye akange asingazive chokwadi chekurwara, chembere uye kufa.

Rimwe zuva, varemerwa nekuziva, Prince Siddhartha akakumbira mutyairi wengoro kuti amuperekedze parwendo rwekufamba nemumaruwa. Panzendo idzi akashamiswa nekuona murume wechikuru, ipapo murume airwara uyezve chitunha. Chokwadi hutsinye hwekweguru, chirwere uye kufa zvakabatwa nekukuvadza muchinda.

Pakupedzisira akaona munhu anodzungaira achizvinyima. Mutyairi akatsanangura kuti munhu anozvinyima ndiye aive aramba pasi uye akaedza kuzvisunungura kubva mukutya kufa nekutambura.

Izvi zvinoshandura hupenyu zvinosangana zvichazozivikanwa muBuddhist senzvimbo ina dzepasira.

Kuramba kwaSiddhartha
Kwenguva yakati muchinda akadzokera kuhupenyu hwemuzinda, asi haana kufara nazvo. Iye zvakare haana kufarira nhau yekuti mukadzi wake Yasodhara abereka mwanakomana. Zita remwana rainzi Rahula, zvinoreva kuti "kusunga cheni".

Humwe husiku muchinda akadzungaira ari oga mumuzinda. Huturu hwaaimboda hwaiita senge hwaomesesa. Vaimbi nevasikana vaitamba vakanga vakotsira ndokurara pasi, vachirovera uye kupfira mate. Muchinda Siddhartha akafungisisa nezve chembere, chirwere uye kufa zvaizovadarika zvese nekushandura miviri yavo kuita guruva.

Akazoona ipapo kuti haachakwanisa kugutsikana nekurarama hupenyu hwemuchinda. Husiku ihwohwo akabva paimba yamambo, akaveura musoro wake uye akachinja kubva panguvo dzake dzehumambo kuita jasi remupemhi. Achipa zvese zvemutambarakede zvaaiziva, akatanga kuda kwake kwekujekerwa.

Kutsvaga kunotanga
Siddhartha akatanga nekutsvaga vadzidzisi vane mukurumbira. Vakamudzidzisa huzivi hwakawanda hwezvitendero zvenguva yake uye maitiro ekufungisisa. Mushure mekudzidza zvese zvavaifanira kudzidzisa, kusahadzika kwake nemibvunzo zvakasara. Iye nevadzidzi vashanu vakatanga kuti vawane kujekerwa kwavo.

Shamwari nhanhatu idzi dzakayedza kuzvisunungura kubva mukutambudzika kuburikidza nekurohwa kwemuviri: tsungirira kurwadziwa, bata mweya uye kutsanya kuda kuita nzara. Zvisinei Siddhartha yakanga isati yagutsikana.

Zvakaitika kwaari kuti, mukusiya mufaro, akange akabata zvinopesana nemufaro, izvo zvaive kurwadziwa uye kuzviuraya. Zvino Siddhartha akafunga nzvimbo yepakati pakati peaya maviri akanyanyisa.

Akarangarira chiitiko kubva paudiki hwake apo pfungwa dzake dzainge dzagadzikana mune runyararo rwakadzama. Akaona kuti nzira yekusunungurwa yaive kuburikidza nekurairwa kwepfungwa, uye akaona kuti, pachinzvimbo chekuziya nenzara, aida chikafu kuti awedzere simba rake pakuedza. Paakatora mbiya yemukaka wemupunga kubva kumusikana, vamwe vake vakafunga kuti akanda mapfumo pasi uye vakamusiya.

Kujekerwa kweBuddha
Siddhartha akagara pasi pomuonde unoera (Ficus medica), uyo wagara uchizivikanwa seMuti weBodhi (bodhi zvinoreva "kumutswa"). Yaiva ipapo iyo yaakagara mukufungisisa.

Kurwa mupfungwa dzaSiddhartha kwakava kwengano sehondo huru naMara. Zita redhimoni rinoreva "kuparadza" uye rinomiririra zvishuwo zvinotinyengera nekutitsausa. Mara akaunza mauto makuru emhuka kuzorwisa Siddhartha, uyo anga aramba asingafambike uye akasimba. Mwanasikana akanakisa waMara akaedza kunyengerera Siddhartha, asi kuyedza uku kwakakundikana.

Pakupedzisira, Mara akataura kuti chigaro chekujekeserwa chaive chake. Kubudirira kwaMara pakunamata kwaive kwakakura kudarika kwaSiddhartha, akadaro dhimoni. Masoja anotyisa eMara akachema pamwechete achiti: "Ndiri chapupu chake!" Mara akadenha Siddhartha, "Ndiani achakumiririra?"

Ipapo Siddhartha akatambanudza ruoko rwake rwerudyi kuti abate pasi, ivhu pacharo rakatinhira: "Ndinokupupurirai!" Mara anyangarika. Sezvo nyeredzi yemangwanani yakamuka mudenga, Siddhartha Gautama akaziva kujekerwa uye ndokuva bhudha, izvo zvinotsanangurwa se "munhu akawana kuzadzikiswa kuzere".

Buddha semudzidzisi
Pakutanga, Buddha aizeza kudzidzisa nekuti izvo zvaakange agona zvaisakwanisa kutaurwa nemazwi. Chete kuburikidza nechirango uye kujekesa kwepfungwa ndipo pakanyengera kunyepedzera uye Hukuru Hwechokwadi hunogona kuwanikwa. Vateereri vasina ruzivo rwakananga urwu vaizonamira mukufungidzira uye vaigona kusanzwisisa zvese zvaakataura. Nekudaro, tsitsi dzakamukurudzira kuti aedze kuratidza zvaakange azadzikisa.

Mushure mekujekeswa kwake, akaenda kuIsipatana Deer Park, iri mune yava kunzi dunhu reUttar Pradesh, India. Ikoko akawana shamwari shanu dzakanga dzamusiya ndokuparidzira mharidzo yake yekutanga kwavari.

Iyi mharidzo yakachengetedzwa seye Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta uye inotarisana neChina Chine Chokwadi. Panzvimbo pekudzidzisa dzidziso pamusoro pekujekeserwa, Buddha akasarudza kupa nzira yekudzidzira kuburikidza nayo vanhu vanogona kuzvivhenekera.

Buddha akazvipira pakudzidzisa uye akakwezva mazana evateveri. Pakupedzisira, akayanana nababa vake, Mambo Suddhodana. Mudzimai wake, Yasodhara akazvipira, akava sista uye mudzidzi. Rahula, mwanakomana wake, akazova monki wechidiki pazera remakore manomwe uye akapedza hupenyu hwake hwese nababa vake.

Mashoko ekupedzisira aBuddha
Buddha akafamba asinganeti munzvimbo dzese dzekuchamhembe kweIndia neNepal. Akadzidzisa boka rakasiyana revateveri, vese vachitsvaga chokwadi chaaifanira kupa.

Pazera remakore makumi masere, Buddha akapinda muParinirvana, achisiya muviri wake wenyama kumashure. Paaipfuura, akasiya iyo isingagumi kutenderera kwerufu uye kuberekwazve.

Asati apora, akataura mazwi ekupedzisira kuvateveri vake:

“Pano, mamonaki, iri izano rangu rekupedzisira kwamuri. Zvese zvinhu zvakasanganiswa munyika zvinoshanduka. Hazvigari kwenguva refu. Shanda nesimba kuti uwane ruponeso. "
Mutumbi waBuddha wakapiswa. Zvisaririra zvake zvakaiswa muzvipenga - zvivakwa zvakagamuchirwa muBuddhism - munzvimbo zhinji, kusanganisira China, Myanmar neSri Lanka.

Buddha akafuridzira mamirioni
Makore angangosvika mazana maviri nemashanu gare gare, dzidziso dzaBuddha dzinoramba dzakakosha kuvanhu vazhinji pasi rese. Buddhism inoenderera ichikwezva vateveri vatsva uye ndiyo imwe yezvinamato zvinokurumidza, kunyange vazhinji vasingatauri icho sechitendero asi segwara remweya kana uzivi. Vanofungidzirwa kuva mazana mashanu ezviuru kusvika mazana mashanu emakumi mashanu vanhu vanoita chiBuddha nhasi.