Lourdes: mutumbi usina kushatiswa waBernadette, chakavanzika chekupedzisira
Bernadette, chakavanzika chekupedzisira cheLourdes Muviri wakakwana wakakanganwa nevakatendeka
naVittorio Messori
Mhemberero dzemakore zana eUnitalsi dzakatanga svondo rapfuura nekongiresi muRimini. Acronym inonzwika zvishoma inovanza kuzvipira kwerupo kwevanhu mazana matatu ezviuru, varipo mudhiocese yega yega, kuunza vanorwara netsime, kunyanya kuLourdes, asiwo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoyera dzeKatorike. Mavambo, muna 1903, anokonzerwa neanopikisa weRoma, Giambattista Tommasi, aida kuzviuraya mubako reMassabielle pacharo, zvakare kuratidzira kupokana ne "obscurantist Catholic mashura". Kutaura zvazviri, pfuti haina kungodonha kubva mumaoko ake chete asi, akangoerekana atendeuka, akapa upenyu hwake hwose kubatsira vanorwara vanorwara kusvika kumahombekombe erwizi rwaGave. Kunyangwe iyi Italian National Union yeKutakurwa kweVarwere kuenda kuLourdes uye International Sanctuaries (pamwe chete neboka rayo rehanzvadzi diki asi rakaenzana, Oftal, iyo Federative Opera yeKutakurwa kweVarwere kuenda kuLourdes) vane basa rehuwandu hunovhiringidza zvishoma kudada kwetransalpine. . Mune mamwe mazwi, vafambi vekuItaly vanowanzowanda kupfuura veFrench mudhorobha rePyrenean. Chero ani anoziva Lourdes anoziva kuti munhu wose aripo anoedza zvakaoma kutaura chiItaly zvishoma, mapepanhau ePeninsula ari pamapepanhau kubva mangwanani-ngwanani, mumabhawa chete espresso kofi inoshandiswa, mumahotera pasta impeccably al dente. Uye zviri chaizvo kune rupo rwenhengo dzeUnitalsi, Oftal uye, kazhinji, dzevaItaly, isu tine chikwereti chikuru chekugamuchira zvimiro zvinosanganisa kugona nekudziya kwerudo kwerubatsiro. Pakati pemashoko mashoma eWhite Lady ndeaya aKurume 2, 1858: "Ndinoshuva kuti vanhu vauye pano vachifora". Kunze kweFrance, hakuna imwe nyika iyo kurudziro yakatorwa zvakakomba seItaly: uye kuwanda hakuratidzi chiratidzo chekuderera; zvirokwazvo, inokura gore negore. Zvisinei, mumwe munhu pagungano renguva pfupi yapfuura muRimini akataura kuti, kana vafambi kuLourdes vakapfuura mamiriyoni mashanu pagore, hafu yemiriyoni chete - imwe mugumi - vanoshanyirawo Nevers. Kwenguva yakati ikozvino, vazhinji vanga vachikumbira kuzvipira kukuru kubva kuMasangano kuti vawedzere vanosvika muguta rino paLoire, inenge hafu yenzira pakati peLyon neParis. Zvakare yakabatana neItari (iyo Gonzagas yeMantua vaive machinda), Nevers ane chishamiso chinonakidza chakachengeterwa vanozvipira veImmaculate Conception. Isu pachedu takaona ma<em>pilgrim achierekana achema nechiono chisingatarisirwi uye chinokatyamadza.
Uchipinda muchivanze cheSanta Gildard, amai veimba ye "Suore della Carità", unopinda muchechi nepamusuwo wepadivi. Iro semi-rima, risingaperi mune ino ye124th-century-neo-Gothic architecture, inoputswa nemwenje unovhenekera bhokisi regirazi reunyanzvi. Muviri mudiki (mita imwe nemasendimita makumi mana nemaviri) wemusisi anoita kunge akarara akabata maoko akatenderedza rozari uye musoro wake wakazembera kuruboshwe. Ndiwo masara, akakwana makore zana nemakumi maviri nemana mushure mekufa kwake, kwaSaint Bernadette Soubirous, uyo ane mapendekete anosiririsa anorwara anogara huremu hwenzvimbo inogarogarogarwa munyika. Kutaura idi, iye oga akaona, akateerera, uye akarondedzera zvishoma zvaakataura kwaari: Aquerò («Iko ikoko», mumutauro weBigorre), achipupurira nokutambura kwake kusingadzoreki kuzvokwadi yezvakanga zvaziviswa kwaari: «Ini usavimbise kufara muhupenyu huno asi mune hunotevera".
Bernadette akasvika pamusha paNever muna 1866. Asina kumbofamba, (“Ndauya kuno kuzovanda,” akadaro sezvaakasvika) akapedzera makore 13 ari ikoko, kutozosvikira parufu rwake pana April 16, 1879. Aingova namakore 35 bedzi okukura. , asi muviri wake wakapedzwa nenhevedzano yezvirwere, uko kutambura kwetsika kwakanga kwawedzerwa. Bhokisi rake parakadzikiswa muimba yevaviri, yakacherwa pasi, yeimba yechitendero mubindu reimba yemamongi, chinhu chose chairatidza kuti chitunha chiya chaizodyiwawo neronda raizoparara. Kutaura zvazviri, muviri iwoyo chaiwo wakauya kwatiri usina kuchinjwa, kunyange munhengo dzomukati, uchityora mutemo wose wenyama. Mumwe munyori wenhau dzakaitika muJesuit uye sainzisiti, Baba André Ravier, nguva pfupi yadarika vakaburitsa nhoroondo yakazara yekufukunurwa kutatu, zvichibva pane zvinyorwa zvisingarambiki. Zvamazvirokwazvo, muFrance inorwisana navafundisi pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nerechiXNUMX, vanachiremba vanonyumwira, mamejasitiriti, mapurisa navakuru vakuru vemanisiparati vakapinda kumwe nokumwe kuvhurwa kweguva. Mishumo yavo yepamutemo yese yakachengetedzwa nehusope hweFrance hutongi.
Kufukunurwa kwekutanga, kwekutanga kwekurova, kwakaitika muna 1909, makore makumi matatu mushure mekufa kwake. Pakuzarura chipfuva, mamwe masisita akwegura, akanga aona Bernadette ari pamubhedha wake werufu, akafenda uye aifanira kununurwa: mumaziso avo hanzvadzi yakaonekwa kwete chete yakasimba, asi seyakashandurwa nerufu, pasina zviratidzo zvekutambura pachiso chake. Chirevo chevanachiremba vaviri chakaita sechikamu: hunyoro hwaive hwekuparadza zvipfeko uye kunyange rozari, asi muviri wasisita hauna kukuvara, zvekuti kunyange mazino ake, nzara, bvudzi zvese zvaive munzvimbo yavo uye. ganda nemamhasuru zvakava elastic pakubata. "Chinhu - chakanyora vanachiremba, chakasimbiswa nemishumo yevatongi uye gendarmes varipo - hachiratidzike sechisikigo, zvakare tichifunga kuti zvimwe zvitunha, zvakavigwa panzvimbo imwe chete, zvakanyunguduka uye kuti muviri waBernadette, unoshanduka uye wakasununguka. hapana akatambura kana kucheneswa kunotsanangura kuchengetedzwa kwayo."
Kufukunurwa kwechipiri kwakaitika makore gumi gare gare, muna 1919. Vanachiremba vaviri, panguva ino, vakanga vari vanachiremba vakuru vane mukurumbira uye mumwe nomumwe, pashure pokuziva, akanga ari oga mukamuri kuti anyore mushumo wake pasina kubvunza mumwe wake. Mamiriro ezvinhu, ivo vose vakanyora, vakanga varamba vakafanana nenguva yapfuura: hapana chiratidzo chekuparara, hapana kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi. Musiyano waingove kumwe kusviba kweganda, zvimwe kubva pakugeza chitunha makore gumi apfuura.
Kuzivikanwa kwechitatu uye kwekupedzisira kwaive muna 1925, manheru ekurova. Makore makumi mana nematanhatu mushure mekufa kwake - uye mukuvapo kwete kwechitendero chete, asiwo hutano nevakuru vehurumende - mutumbi uchiri wakasimba unogona kubviswa pasina dambudziko. Zvivheneko zviviri zvakazviita zvakabva zvaburitsa mushumo mumagazini yesainzi, kwavakanongedza kune vamwe vavo chokwadi (chavakatonga "kupfuura zvisingatsananguriki") chekuchengetedzwa kwakakwana kunyange nhengo dzemukati, kusanganisira chiropa, chakatemerwa kupfuura chero imwe nhengo yemuviri kukurumidza kuora. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu, zvakasarudzwa kuchengetedza muviri iwoyo kuti utarise, wairatidzika kunge asiri mukadzi akafa, asi mukadzi akarara akamirira kumutswa. Chifukidziro chakareruka chakaiswa kumeso nemaoko, asi chete nekuti kwaityiwa kuti vashanyi vaizokanganiswa neganda rakasvibira nemeso, rakasimba pasi pezvivharo, asi rakati ranyura.
Ichokwadi, zvisinei, kuti pasi pemhando yakadaro yekugadzira uye pasi pechipfeko ichocho chekare che "Sisters of Charity", pane zvechokwadi Bernadette akafa muna 1879, asinganzwisisiki uye nekusingaperi akagadziriswa mune runako iyo nguva isingamuratidzi. akaenda asi akadzokera. Makore mashoma apfuura, kune documentary yeRai Tre, ndakatenderwa kupfura mifananidzo yepedyo isina kumbobvira yabvumidzwa husiku, kuti ndisavhiringidze mapilgrim. Mumwe sisita akavhura girazi rekesi, mupfuri wegoridhe. Ndichizeza, ndakabata kamwe karuoko kaSanta nemunwe. Kunzwa kwekare kwekusimba uye kutsva kwenyama iyoyo, yakafa ku "nyika" kweanopfuura makore zana nemakumi maviri, inosara kwandiri imwe yemanzwiro asingadzimiki. Chaizvoizvo, vanoita kunge vasina kukanganisa, pakati peUnitalsi neOftal, mukuda kukwevera ngwariro kune enigma yeNevers, kazhinji inofuratirwa nemhomho yaiungana paPyrenees.
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