Nataraj Chiratidzo cheiyo Shiva kutamba
Nataraja kana Nataraj, iyo yekutamba fomu yaIshe Shiva, chiratidzo chekufananidza chezvinhu zvakakosha zvechiHinduism uye pfupiso yemisimboti yeichi chitendero cheVedic. Izwi rekuti "Nataraj" rinoreva "Mambo wevatambi" (Sanskrit akazvarwa = kutamba; raja = mambo). Mumashoko aAnanda K. Coomaraswamy, Nataraj ndiye "mufananidzo wakajeka wechiitiko chaMwari icho chero hunyanzvi kana chinamato chinogona kuzvirumbidza pamusoro pacho ... Chimiro chine simba uye chine simba chemunhu anofamba kupfuura mutambi wekuShiva haawanikwe. hapana kwese, "(Kutamba kwaShiva)
Kwakatangira fomu yeNataraj
Yakasarudzika iconographic inomiririra yeIndia yakapfuma uye dzakasiyana tsika tsika, yakagadziridzwa muSouth India ne880th uye 1279th century maartist panguva yaChola nguva (XNUMX-XNUMX AD) mune akateedzana ezvishamiso zvebronze. Muzana ramakore rechigumi nemana AD yakasvika pachimiro checanonical uye munguva pfupi Chola Nataraja yakave yekusimbiswa kukuru kwehunyanzvi hweHindu.
Iyo yakakosha fomu uye chiratidzo
Mukuumbwa kunoshamisa uye kwakasimba kunoratidzira mutinhimira uye kuwirirana kwehupenyu, Nataraj anoratidzwa nemaoko mana anomiririra makadhinari mafambiro. Ari kutamba, negumbo rake rekuruboshwe rakasimudzwa zvine mutsindo uye gumbo rerudyi pachimiro chakakotama: "Apasmara Purusha", anomiririra kunyepedzera uye kusaziva uko Shiva anokunda. Ruoko rwekumusoro rweruboshwe rwakabata murazvo, ruoko rwezasi rweruboshwe rwakanongedza kune diki, uyo anoratidzwa akabata mhungu. Ruoko rwekumusoro rwerudyi rwakabata hombodo yegirazi kana "dumroo" inomiririra murume-mukadzi hupenyu hupenyu, pazasi inoratidza chiratidzo chechirevo: "Usatya".
Nyoka dzinomiririra kuzvikudza dzinoonekwa dzichisununguka kubva pamaoko, makumbo uye vhudzi, dzakarukwa uye kupfekwa. Makiyi ake akavharika anotenderera sezvaanotamba mukati me arc yemirazvo inomiririra kusingaperi kwekutenderera kwekuzvarwa uye kufa. Pamusoro wake dehenya, iro rinomiririra kukunda kwake parufu. Mwarikadzi Ganga, iyo chaiyo yerwizi rwutsvene Ganges, anogarawo pabvudzi rake. Ziso rake rechitatu rinomiririra kuziva kwake kwese, kudzidza uye kujekesa. Icho chifananidzo chose chinozorora pachigadziko chejasi, mucherechedzo wemasimba ekugadzira ezvese.
Zvinorehwa nekutamba kweShiva
Kutamba kwepasi rose kwaShiva kunodaidzwa kuti "Anandatandava", zvinoreva kuti Dhanzi reMufaro, uye zvinomiririra iwo macustoms ezvekusika uye ekuparadza pamwe nerwiyo rwemazuva ese rwekuzvarwa nerufu. Iko kutamba kuri kwekufananidzira kwezviratidzo zvikuru zvishanu zvesimba risingaperi: kusika, kuparadza, kuchengetedza, ruponeso uye kunyepa. Sekureva kwaCoomaraswamy, kutamba kwaShiva kunomiririra zviitiko zvake zvishanu: "Shrishti" (zvisikwa, shanduko); 'Sthiti' (kuchengetedza, kutsigira); 'Samhara' (kuparadzwa, shanduko); 'Tirobhava' (fungidziro); uye 'Anugraha' (rusununguko, kusunungurwa, nyasha).
Hunhu hwese hwemufananidzo hunopokana, kusanganisa runyararo rwemukati uye chiitiko chekunze cheShiva.
Tsumo yesainzi
Fritzof Capra mune yake chinyorwa "Iyo Dhanzi yeShiva: Maonero echiHindu eIchiedza muChiedza Chemazuva Ano Fizikisi", uye gare gare muTao yeFizikiki, inonongedza zvakanaka kutamba kwaNataraj nefizikiki yazvino. Iye anoti "chidimbu chega chega cheatomiki hachiite chete kutamba kwesimba asiwo kutamba kwesimba; chiitiko chinotapukira chekusika nekuparadza ... chisingagumi… Kune vefizikisi vemazuva ano, kutamba kweShiva ndiko kutamba kwechinhu chepasi peatomic. Sezvazviri mungano yechiHindu, ndiko kutamba kunoenderera kwekusika nekuparadza uko kunosanganisira zvese zvakasikwa; hwaro hwehupenyu hwese uye zvese zvakasikwa zviitiko ".
Chifananidzo chaNataraj paCERN, Geneva
Muna 2004, kuCERN, iyo European Research Center yeParticle Fizikisi kuGeneva, yakavezwa 2m chifananidzo chekutamba Shiva. Dombo rakakosha riri padhuze nemufananidzo weShiva rinotsanangura kukosha kwechifananidziro chekudhanha cheShiva nemazwi akatorwa naCapra: “Mazana emakore apfuura, maartist eIndia akagadzira mifananidzo yekuona yekutamba Shiva mune yakateedzana bronzes. Munguva yedu, vefizikisi vakashandisa tekinoroji yepamberi kuratidzira mapatani ekutamba kwepasipo. Kudimikira kwekutamba kwepasipo nekudaro kunobatanidza ngano dzekare, hunyanzvi hwechitendero uye fizikisi yazvino “.
Kupfupisa, heino chirevo chakatorwa kubva kunhetembo dzakanaka naRuth Peel:
"Kunobva kufamba kwese,
Kutamba kwaShiva,
inopa mutinhimira kune zvakasikwa.
Tamba munzvimbo dzakaipa,
zvitsvene,
gadzira uye chengetedza,
inoparadza uye inosunungura.
Isu tiri chikamu chemutambo uyu
Rwiyo urwu rusingaperi,
Uye tine nhamo kana, tikapofumadzwa
kunyepa,
tinobva taparara
kubva kumatenga anotamba,
kuwirirana kwepasi rino ... "