Kukosheswa kwemaNgirozi, basa uye basa reMuchengeti weA Guardian

Vanodikanwa shamwari dzeNgirozi Huru Michael uye nengirozi dzinoyera, muchinyorwa chekupedzisira isu takaratidza pamwe nezve dzidziso yekugadzirwa kweMweya yakachena naMwari.Zvino, tisati tasangana nezvokwadi yechipiri yekutenda, yakakurudzirwa kwatiri neChechi, kuwa chikamu cheNgirozi (dzatichazokurukura mumusangano unotevera), tinoda kufunga nezvezvimwe zvinhu zvidiki zvengirozi, zvakafundwa naana Madzibaba, naSt. Thomas nevamwe vanyori vekare: zvese zvinonakidza misoro kwatiri nhasi zvakare.

Ngirozi DZVAKADZWA RINI?

Izvo zvisikwa zvese, maererano nebhaibheri (sosi yekutanga yezivo), zvakatangira "pakutanga" (Gn 1,1). Vamwe vanababa vakafunga kuti Ngirozi dzakasikwa pa "zuva rekutanga" (ib. 5), Mwari paakasika "denga" (ib. 1); vamwe pa "zuva rechina" (ib. 19) apo "Mwari akati:" Kune mwenje mudenga redenga "(ib. 14).

Vamwe vanyori vakaisa kusikwa kwengirozi pamberi, vamwe vamwe shure kwezvinhu zvepanyika. Fungidziro yeSt. Thomas - mumaonero edu iyo inonyanya kuitika - inotaura nezve zvakasikwa panguva imwe chete. Mune chirongwa chinoshamisa chamwari chechisiko, zvisikwa zvese zvakabatana neumwe: Vatumwa, vakagadzwa naMwari kuti vatonge cosmos, vangadai vasina kuwana mukana wekuita basa ravo, kana izvi zvikagadzirwa gare gare; kune rimwe divi, kana antecentent kwavari, zvingadai zvisina kushayikwa.

NEI MWARI VAKAGADZIRA NENGO?

Iye akavasika nechikonzero ichocho akazvara chisikwa chimwe nechimwe chisikwa: kuratidza kukwana kwake uye kuratidza kunaka kwake kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakavakirwa kwavari. Iye akavasika, kwete kuti vakwanise kukwana kwavo (icho chizere), kana kwavo mufaro (izvo zviri zvizere), asi nekuti maNgirozi aive nemufaro usingaperi mukunamatwa kwaiye Mukurumbira wakanaka, uye muchiono chakanyanya.

Tinogona kuwedzera izvo St. Paul anonyora mune yake huru Christological rwiyo: "... kubudikidza naye (iye Kristu) zvinhu zvese zvakasikwa, izvo zviri kumatenga uye izvo zviri pasi, zvinoonekwa nezvisingaonekwe ... kuburikidza naye uye pamberi of iye "(Col 1,15-16). Kunyangwe maNgirozi, saka, sechimwe chisikwa chese, chakagadziriswa kuna Kristu, mugumo wavo, tevedzera kusakwana kusingaperi kweIzwi raMwari uye kupemberera kurumbidza kwaro.

UNOZIVA HANGANI YEMAHARA?

Bhaibheri, mundima dzakasiyana-siyana dzeTestamente Itsva neTestamende, rinonongedzera pakuwanda kwengirozi. Nezve iyo theophany, inotsanangurwa nemuporofita Danieri, tinoverenga kuti: "Rwizi rwemoto rwakaburuka pamberi pake [Mwari], zviuru zvinegumi zvakamubatira uye zviuru gumi zvemamirioni zvakamubatsira" (7,10). MuApocalypse zvakanyorwa kuti muvoni wePatmosi "apo achitarisa [ainzwisisa] manzwi evatumwa vazhinji vakatenderedza [Divine] ... Chiverengero chavo chakave makumi ezviuru emamirioni nezviuru zvezviuru" (5,11:2,13). MuEvangeri, Ruka anotaura nezve "vazhinji veuto rekudenga vakarumbidza Mwari" (XNUMX: XNUMX) pakazvarwa Jesu, muBheterehema. Sekureva kwaSt. Thomas, huwandu hwevatumwa hwakanyanya kupfuura huwandu hwezvimwe zvisikwa zvese. Mwari, muchokwadi, achida kuunza kugona kwake kweumwari mune zvakasikwa, sezvinobvira, akagadzira iyi dhizaini: mune zvisikwa zvezvinhu, achikurudzira zvakanyanya ukuru hwavo (semuenzaniso nyeredzi dzedenga); mune izvo zvinosanganisirwa izvo (iyo mweya yakachena) inowedzera huwandu. Iyi tsananguro yeAngel Chiremba inoratidzika kunge inogutsa kwatiri. Isu tinogona saka tinofunga zvine chikonzero kuti huwandu hwevatumwa, kunyange vakapfupika, vashoma, senge zvinhu zvese zvakasikwa, hahuverengeki pfungwa dzevanhu.

UNOZIVA ZVAKANAKA ZVENGEYA NEMAHARA DZVO DZESANGANO?

Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti izwi rekuti "ngirozi", rinobva muchiGiriki (à ì y (Xc = chiziviso), rinoreva kwazvo kuti "mutumwa": Naizvozvo hairatidzi chiratidzo, asi basa reMweya yokudenga. , akatumwa naMwari kuti azivise kuda kwake kuvarume.

MuBhaibheri, ngirozi dzakatemwa nemamwe mazita:

- Vana vaMwari (Jobho 1,6)

- Vasande (Jobho 5,1)

- Varanda Vamwari (Jobho 4,18)

- Hondo yaIshe (Js 5,14)

- Hondo yokudenga (1Ki 22,19)

- Vigilants (Dn 4,10) etc. Kune zvakare, mune Chinyorwa chitsvene, "pamwechete" mazita anoreva kune Ngirozi: Serafini, Cheru-bini, Masosi, maDomasi, Powers (Virtues), Powers, Principalities, Ingirozi huru uye Ngirozi.

Aya mapoka akasiyana eMweya yokudenga, imwe neimwe iine hunhu hwayo, kazhinji inonzi "mirairo kana makwaya" '. Kusiyanisa kwemakwaya kunofanirwa kunge kuri maererano ne "chiyero cheku kukwana kwavo uye nebasa rakapihwa kwavari". Bhaibheri harisati rapfuudzira kwatiri kuganhurirwa kwechokwadi kweExpessor yekudenga, kana huwandu hweVosarudza Rondedzero yatinoverenga mutsamba dzeSt Paul haina kukwana, nekuti muApostora anozvipedzisa achiti: "... uye nezvechero rimwe zita rinogona kutumidzwa zita" (Vaef 1,21:XNUMX).

MuMiddle Ages, St. Thomas, Dante, St. Bernard, uye kunyangwe zvakavanzika zveGerman, vakaita saTaulero naSuso, maDominican, vakateedzera zvizere dzidziso yePseudo-Dionysius, iyo Areopagite (IVN yezana ramakore), munyori we "Hierarchy celeste "yakanyorwa muchiGreek, yakaunzwa kuMadokero naS. Gregorio Magno uye yakashandurwa muchiLatin zvakatenderedza 870. Pseudo-Dionysius, pasi pesimba retsika dzechivanhu uye neo-Platonism, vakanyora rondedzero yeAngirozi, yakakamurwa mumakirini mapfumbamwe uye yakagoverwa mumatatu matatu.

Hirstarchy yekutanga: Serafini (Is 6,2.6) Cherubini (Gn 3,24; Es 25,18, -S l 98,1) Zvigaro (Col 1,16)

Wechipiri Hierarchy: maDoments (Col 1,16) Powers (kana Virtues) (Ef 1,21) Simba (Ef 3,10; Col 2,10)

Chechitatu Hierarchy: Vakuru (Vaef 3,10; VaK. 2,10) Ngirozi huru (Gd 9) Ngirozi (Rm 8,38)

Uku kuvaka kwakangwara kwePseudo-Dionysius, iyo isina hwaro hwebhaibheri yakachengetedzeka, inogona kugutsa murume weNguva Yepakati, asi kwete mutendi weNguva Yemazuva ano, saka haagamuchirwe nechitendero. Iyo echo yeizvi inoramba iri mukuzvipira kwakakurumbira kwe "Angelic Crown", muitiro unogara uchifanira, kukurudzirwa zvine ushamwari kushamwari dzeNgirozi.

Tinogona kugumisa kuti, kana chiri chokwadi kuramba humwe humwe humwe humwe humwe Angeji (zvimwe zvese zviripo, zvakaumbwa nemazita ekufungidzira zvinopihwa kune zodiac: zvigadzirwa zvakachena pasina chero hwaro, bhaibheri, dzidziso dzebhaibheri kana rational!), Tinofanira kubvuma kurongeka kwehumambo pakati pemweya yekudenga, kunyangwe isingazivikanwe isu zvakadzama, nekuti chimiro chehurongwa chaihwo kune chakasikwa. Mariri Mwari aida kusvitsa, sekutsanangura kwatakaita, kukwana kwake: mumwe nemumwe ari kutora chikamu mune imwe nzira, uye vese vakabatana vanoumba hunoshamisa, hushamwari hukama.

MuBhaibheri tinorava, pamusoro pemazita e "kuungana", zvakare mazita matatu eAngirozi:

Michele (Dn. 10,13ss.; Ap 12,7; Gd 9), zvinoreva kuti "Ndiani saMwari?";

Gabriele (Dn. 8,16ss.; Lc 1, IIs.), Zvinoreva "Simba raMwari";

Raffaele (T6 12,15) Mushonga waMwari.

Iwo mazita - tinodzokorora - anoratidza mishoni uye kwete kuzivikanwa kweVatumwa vatatu, iyo inogara inogara "isinganzwisisike", seSangano Rvene rinotidzidzisa muchikamu cheMutumwa akazivisa kuberekwa kwaSamson. Achibvunzwa kutaura zita rake, akapindura, "Nei uri kundibvunza zita rako?" Izvo hazvinzwisisike "(Jg 13,18; onawo Gen 32,30).

Hazvina, saka, hazvina basa, shamwari dzinodikanwa dzeNgirozi, kunyepedzera kuziva - sevakawanda nhasi vangada - zita remumwe Guardian Ngirozi, kana (zvakatoipa zvikuru!) Ipa kwaari sekuda kwedu isu. Kushamwaridzana neiyo yekudenga Guardian inofanira kugara ichiperekedzwa nekuremekedza uye nekuremekedza. Kuna Mozisi uyo, paSinai, akasvikira kune gwenzi rinopfuta, Mutumwa waIshe akamuraira kuti abvise shangu dzake "nekuti nzvimbo yauri iri inzvimbo inoyera" (Ex 3,6).

Magisterium yeChechi, kubva panguva dzekare dzakarambidza kubvuma mamwe mazita eAngirozi kana Ngirozi huru kupfuura iwo matatu emubhaibheri. Kurambidzwa uku, kuri mu canon yeLaodicene (360-65), yeRoma (745) neAachen (789) Makanzuru, zvinodzokororwa mugwaro reChechi richangobva kutaurwa, ratatotaura nezvaro.

Ngatigutsikane nezvatakaudzwa naShe muBhaibheri nezvezvisikwa izvi zvakanaka veduwe, vari vakuru vedu Hama. Uye isu takamirira, pamwe nekunyanya kuda kuziva uye rudo, humwe hupenyu kusvika pakuvaziva zvizere, uye nekutenda, pamwechete, Mwari akavasika.

Guardian Ngirozi pabasa muhupenyu hwa S. Maria Bertilla Boscardin
Monastery "Carmelo S. Giuseppe" Locarno - Monti
Maria Bertilla Boscardin akararama mumakumi emakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rapfuura: mukoti mukoti weVicenza Institute of S. Dorotea, akafungidzirwa seane hunyanzvi hwepfungwa kune vese vevatsvene, akasvikira kukwana kwakakwana kwechiKristu mukuvimbika kwekutenda kukurudziro iri pasi pekutungamirirwa. yeA Guardian Ngirozi.

Mune yake yepedyo, yakapfava, pachena, uye zvinyorwa zvinoitika, izvo zvaakashandisa senzira yekutsigira uye yekumisikidza pakufambira mberi kwake munzira yehutsvene, akanyora, gore risati rafa, izvo zvakaitika pazera ramakore makumi matatu nematanhatu. makore: “Ngirozi Yangu Inondibata inondisimudza, inondibatsira, inondinyaradza, inondinyaradza; siya Denga ugare neni kundibatsira; nhasi ndoda kugara pamwe chete, namatai kwaari kazhinji uye mumuteerera ”.

Tinoverenga hupenyu hwaSt. Maria Bertilla muchiedza chezvipupuriro zvegadziriro iyi, zvinomurarama achirarama muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva mukuenda kwake kuna Mwari pa "nzira yengoro", sezvaakataura, nzira yekureruka. "Zvakajairika, asi zvinoshanda kunze kwezvakajairwa" mukuzvininipisa nekuvanzika kwehama dzairwara.

Tinoda kuongorora hunhu hwakashandiswa naShe, tichitsvaga mavari simba revatumwa rino zivikanwa muzvinhu zvakasiyana siyana: kurudziro, rutsigiro, rubatsiro, kunyaradza.

Iyo rudo uye tsika yekuchena, iyo yakarehwa naMadzibaba vekare hunhu hukuru hunokwanisa kugadzira varume vakafanana neNgirozi, aive nemukurumbira muna S. Maria Bertilla kusvika pahudiki hwake, apo, pazera ramakore gumi nematatu, akazvitsaurira nemhiko kuna Mwari umhandara hwake: isu tinogona kuzviona sechiwedzero cheMuchengeti wekudenga, akabhadharwa kwazvo. Kumwe kurudziro yengirozi uye kutsigirwa kunogona kuwanikwa mune hunhu hweSanta wedu nezvekuteerera, hunhu hwakajairika hwekuti "Ndiani saMwari?" uye vateveri vake Ngirozi. Amai Mudzidzisi vachati nezvavo novice:

“Akateerera vakuru vake vese, pakuona vese Mwari kwavanomiririra; Chokwadi aiziva nzira yekuenderera mberi, akaendesa nemwoyo wose, kuhama dzake dzese ”. Yatova muhupenyu hwemhuri yake, St. Maria Bertilla akange aratidza kuteerera nenzira isingashamisi. Rimwe zuva nguva yechando, akaenda nababa vake kunogadzira huni. Wekupedzisira, achipinda musango, akaudza mwanasikana wake kuti amumirire, arambe achiri mungoro. Kwaitonhora chaiko. Mumwe waaigara naye, aigara munzvimbo iyoyo, akamukoka kuti atizire mumba make, asi iye akaramba: "Baba andiudza kuti ndigare pano" vakapindura ndokugara ikoko kwemaawa maviri kusvikira adzoka.

Humwe hunhu hwakakosha, umo S. Maria Bertilla akazvisiyanisa, hwaive kuzvininipisa, zvakare kwakafanana neAngirozi, akazviratidza pachena mukuyedzwa kwavo, vachipokana nekuzvikudza kwaSatani nevateveri vake.

Paaive achiri mudiki "akabatwa na 'goose' - anopupurira baba vake - ndiko kuti, nekusaziva, Maria Bertilla haana kugutsikana, kana kuzvidemba. "Aitoita kunge asina hanya nekuzvidza saka kurumbidza." Uye, semunani, akabvunza Super-riora: "Gara unondiruramisa". Pane imwe nguva imwe hanzvadzi, iyo yakati kwaari: "Asi iye haana rudo rwekuzvida!", Akangopindura achiti: "Hongu, ndinozvinzwa ... asi ini ndinonyarara nerudo rwaMwari".

Mukutungamirwa kweMutariri weGreatian, uyo akatsigira uye akamusimbisa, St. Maria Bertilla akarwa nekutsungirira kurwisa kuzvida uye aigara achikunda. Zvisinei nenyaya yekuti akaramba ari hupenyu hwake hwese, kana asiri mumataurirwo, chokwadi muzvinhu, epithet ye "goose" - kugona kwake hakuna kunyatsojeka - akawana diploma yemukoti. Kuzvininipisa kwake, kubvuma kwakasimba kweudiki hwake, uye munamato wake wechivimbo wakamuita kuti akwanise kuzadzikisa mabasa aakapihwa nevatungamiriri vake. Kupararira kwaive mukuita basa rerudo dzimwe nguva kunobatana newe mukunyengera kutsvene - rakafuridzirwa neA Guardian Ngirozi? - sepaya, mu diphtheria yewadhi yevacheche, achiziva kuti chiremba aive pabasa aive newbie, akaviga kukosha kwekufunga kwemunhu anorwara, akamirira nguva yekurapa. Asi "mutambo" uyu unoyera wakakurumidza kuwanikwa uye Musande akagamuchira kushorwa kwePrayimari akanyarara.

Rupo rwake mukushandiswa kwerudo rwevavakidzani, mukuchengeta kwevanorwara - kwete vana chete asiwo mauto akakuvadzwa, veterans veHondo Yekutanga Yenyika - vakamuwanira zita rekuti "Ngirozi dzerudo".

Chiremba, uyo akashanda neStendi muwadi vana vepa diphtheria muTreviso, akatisiira ichi chiratidzo chakanaka, mumwe wevakawanda, nekuti vamwe vazhinji vanogona kuwedzeredzwa: "Rimwe zuva nyaya yakakura kwazvo yakazvimiririra: mwana asphyxi. Ndakanga ndichangopedza kudzidza. Sista Bertilla neni takawana tiri pamberi pemwana akafa ... Tete vacho vakati kwandiri: 'Uye ini ndinoedza, Sista Chiremba, de farghe the tracheotomy'. Ndakakurudzira kuti ndaidzidzira tracheotomy nekukurumidza. Ini ndinodzokorora, mukomana wacho anga akafa. Mushure mehafu yeawa yekufema kwemaitiro, mwana akapora uye akazopora. Sista Bertilla, mushure mekuvhiyiwa uku, vakawira pasi pamwe nekupera simba, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushushikana kwemhasuru kwavakaunzwa nenyaya iyi ". Kuendeswa kuSanatorium yeViggiù (VA), uko pakupera kwehondo yenyika yekutanga, muna 1918, masoja ehupfu airapwa muchipatara, iye Mutendi, achirwara nebundu, rinozomuendesa kurufu, akapa mienzaniso yehutsinye hwerudo. Muchengeti An-gelo haana kungomubatsira, asi, sekunyora kwaakaita iye, "akabva Kudenga uye aigara aripo kuti amubatsire": uyu ndiwo mafungiro aunowana, kuverenga zviitiko zvekupa. ya S. Maria Bertilla kune varwi vanorwara: vane simba rinokurudzira. Chapupu chinoti: "iye, kana achikwanisa kuwana bharamu kune munhu anorwara, aenda kumoto, haana kupa rugare, uye hazvizivikanwe kuti kangani pazuva raakaburuka achikwira nhanho refu dzematanho zana kuenda kukicheni." kutora izvi kana izvo ... ini ndinorangarira imwe nguva: iyo grippe, kana Spanish, yakanga yabata chipatara chedu. Fivha yakabatwa nevakawanda vedu yakamuka kusvika pakufa kunotyisa. Isu takarara nemahwindo akavhurwa ekugadzirira sanatorium uye kuti tidzire kutonhora kweusiku isu takabvumidzwa kushandisa bhodhoro-remvura inopisa. Mamwe manheru manheru munaGumiguru, nekuda kwekupunzika mukicheni yekubheka, pakanga pasina yekudziya diki. Handigoni kutaura pandemonium yakaitika muawa iyoyo! Mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri akaedza zvachose kudzima bongozozo, achiedza kunyengetedza varwi vanorwara nemafungiro akakodzera ... Asi zvinoshamisa! Muusiku mudiki nzou yakapfuudza munhu wese bhodhoro remvura inopisa pasi pezvivharo! Iye akange ave nekutsungirira kwekuchidziisa muhari diki kune moto wakagadziridzwa pakati pechivanze ... uye nokudaro kugutsa zvinodiwa nemunhu wese. Mangwanani akatevera munhu wese aitaura pamusoro pemunun'una uya, Sista Bertilla, avo vakatangazve kuhofisi kwavo vasina kuzorora, nekunyarara kweMutumwa, vachipukunyuka kurumbidzwa kwevakawanda ". Kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, senge mune vamwe vazhinji, iye Mutendi akange aramba akatendeka kuchinangwa chake-munamato, wakaumbwa panguva yemagariro: "Jesu wangu, rega ini ndife pane kuti ndiite chiitiko chimwe kuti ndionekwe". Akange adzidza zvakanaka kutevedzera Ngirozi idzo - sezvavanotaura - "ita zvakanaka pasina kuzviita vanzwike".

Izvo zvapupu zvese zvinobvumirana mukutsanangura S. Maria Bertilla "anogara achinyemwerera" uye mumwe munhu anosvika pakutaura kuti anga aine "kunyemwerera kwengirozi".

Muchengeti wake wekudenga akamunyaradza, iko zvino kuburikidza nekuvonga kwerunyaradzo kweavo vaive chinhu chemuoni wake ane hanya, zvino vachimukuvadza zvakananga nerunyararo uye kugadzikana mumoyo uri mukati memiedzo yake inorwadza yehunhu uye yemuviri.

Mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwekupedzisira, mazuva mashoma vasati vafa, Saint wedu, achinyemwerera, anozodzokorora kanoverengeka: "Ini ndinofara ... ndinofara, nekuti ndinoita kuda kwaMwari".

Imwe hanzvadzi yakamubatsira pamubhedha werufu anozoyeuka: “Aiwanzokumbira Mu Guardian Ngirozi; uye pane imwe nguva, apo, achive akanaka uye akasekerera pachiso chake, akabvunzwa zvaakaona: 'Ndiri kuona ngirozi yangu diki - akapindura - o, aiziva kunaka kwazvo!'.

Shamwari dzinodikanwa dzeNgirozi, iko zvino tinoda kuita chokwadi chechokwadi chemukati, kuti tizive simba rekuzvipira kwedu kuna Arcange-lo Michele kana Guardian Ngirozi muhupenyu hwedu? Kana tikawona kufambira mberi parwendo rwedu rwekukwana kwechiKristu, mukuita kwemaitiro, isu tinotenda nemoyo wese Shamwari dzeKudenga, dzinotikurudzira, dzinotitsigira, dzinotibatsira, dzinotinyaradza, dzinogara nesu. Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, tikacherekedza kushushikana kana kudzoreredzwa kwemweya, tikazviti kune yedu yekusaenderana tsamba kune vatumwa, uye isu tinobva tangotanga nekushinga kupora kwechokwadi.

Basa rakanaka!

Chinyorwa cheMweya cheWakarumbidza Maria Bertilla "naBaba Gabriele di SM Maddalena, OCD, Istituto Farina, Vicenza 1952, p. 58.

KUdzoka kwaKirisitu, Kutonga kusinga peri uye ArchANGEL MICHELE
Kubwinya kwaJesu Kristu kwakaponesa simba rewakaipa pamusoro pevanhu uye ndokutanga Humambo hwaMwari .Nokupindira kweMwanakomana, "muchinda wenyika ino", satani, aive mutsva, akakundwa kuvarume kuvapomera mhosva nekusingaperi pamberi peWokumusoro-soro kuti vakwanise kuzvibata, vanyepedzere pamwe nenhema dzake uye vobva vavapa mhosva mukutongwa kwekupedzisira.

Mwari, zvakadaro, Rudo naMercy, kana "achibvumira" ronda, iye zvakare anopa mafuta kuti agone kuriporesa, ndiko kuti, kana dzimwe nguva achiedza kutenda kwedu sevaKristu, iye zvikuru anopa simba rinodikanwa kuti akunde Matambudziko uye anotipinza kukunyumwa kwengirozi dzake kuti, seizvo Ishe amene akativimbisa, magedhi egehena haakundi (cf. Mt. 16,18:XNUMX).

Michele, Champion uyu anoshamisa waMwari, ingirozi inodhonzwa neChechi uye nevanhu sevachengeti chaiye, nekuti munguva diki dzoga dzehupenyu, munhu mumwe nemumwe uye anounganidza, anodzivirira mweya kubva mukunyepedzera kwenhema kwadhiabhori. nguva yehondo yepamusoro, inosimbisa kurwa, iya yekufa, uye mutungamiriri muParadhiso (muApokirifa Evhangeri yaNikodhimo, Arcan-gelo akaverengesa sei (Praepositus Paradisi), pakupedzisira, mutongei nekurudyi kwake musiyano muvaise mumaoko uye nengoni dzadhiabhori, iye asina hunhu kuti avatonge uye, akaipa uye murevi wenhema, angavatonga zvakaipa.

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti titeerere, zvisinei, uye kuti tizive kuti kutonga kuchazotevera pakupera kwenyika kuchave naiye Kristu iye semutongi, uyo "uchauya mukubwinya kwaBaba vake, aine vatumwa vake, uye ipapo uchapa kune umwe neumwe zvichienderana nemabasa ake" (Mt 16: 17), ndiko kuti, achaita ruramisiro, nekuti pazuva iro "vanhu vachazvidavirira pamusoro peshoko rimwe nerimwe risingabatsiri ravakataura" uye "iwe ucharuramiswa nemashoko ako uye nemashoko ako iwe uchatongwa" (Mt 12, 36-37). Muchokwadi, Baba vakapa kutonga kwese kuMwanakomana, "Mwari achatonga kubudikidza naJesu Kristu zvakavanzika zvevanhu" (Rom 1: 6).

"Zvinoenderana nemabasa ake", iyo inoratidza kukoshesa, kuyera kweanokodzera uye kuderedzwa, zvakaipa uye hunhu hwemweya wega wega maererano nepfungwa yetsika yezvakanaka nezvakaipa.

Asi basa rekuremedza mweya, vanhu vakashinga kuti vasaisa kune iro humwari, sezvo rairatidzika serinoremedza, risina kukodzera kuzviisa pasi paro, nekudaro zvaiita senge zvakasikwa kupa uyu mishoni kune mumwe wevashumiri vakakwidziridzwa vaMwari, mutungamiri wechiuto chekudenga, Michael. .

Mune mamiriro ezvinhu aya, isu tinofuratira chiratidzo chechihedheni cheiri basa, kubva pakufananidza uye kunobva, isu hatifarire. Isu tinotarisa chete kuti zvirokwazvo kwete nemukana sarudzo yakawira paMutumwa mukuru uyu: iye muMagwaro Matsvene anoratidzwa semunhu asingagone kupikiswa nekusingaperi muvengi waLucifer, wengirozi yepamusoro iyi yakapanduka uye prevaricator yenzvimbo dzisisakwanise dzaMwari, dzaanorwa naye kuchema Mi-ka El, "Ndiani saMwari?"; uye "Anopesana naiye Nyoka, uyo watinodaidza kuti Dhiabhori uye Satani uye anonyengera nyika yose, akaripirwa pasi, uye ngirozi dzake dzakashongedzwa pamwe naye" (Ap 12, 9).

Mushure mekudonha, satan anotsvaga kutsiva uye, achiwedzera kudzvinyirira kwake kwekunyengerera pane varume, vagari venhaka kuna Kristu wePa-radiso, "seshumba inodzvova anofamba-famba achitsvaga uyo waangadya" (1 Pt S, 8).

Panguva diki dzoga dzeupenyu, saka, uye kunyanya parufu, ndinokumbira tsitsi dzaKristu kuti vatumire Mutumwa Michael kuti atibatsire, kuti azotitsigira muhondo uye nekuperekedza kudenga kwedu kuDenga. mweya pamberi pechigaro chake cheushe.

Mwari ane zviyero zvekutonga "achaziva kutendeka kwangu" Q1-6). Mumusangano waBaldassarre, Danieri anotsanangura rimwe remazwi matatu asinganzwisisike akanyorwa paplasta "neruoko rwemunhu", tecel: "Iwe wakayerwa pachiyero uye wakawanikwa wakanyanya" (Dhani 5, 27).

Huye, kurwira pakati pemweya yerima nemutumwa mukuru Mi-chele kunovandudzwa nekusingaperi uye kuchiripo nanhasi: Satani achiri mupenyu zvikuru uye achiri kushandira munyika. Muchokwadi, zvakaipa zvinotikomberedza, kusarongeka kwehunhu kunowanikwa munharaunda, hondo dzehukama, ruvengo pakati pevanhu, kuparadzwa, kushushwa uye kuuraya kwevasina mhosva vana, hazvisi zvimwe zvinoita sekuparadza uye kusviba kwechiitiko Satani, wekuvhiringidzwa uku kwehunhu hwehunhu hwemunhu uyo ​​St. Paul haazeze kudaidza "mwari wepasi rino"? (2Kor 4,4).

Zvingaite sekunge kuti wekare munyengeri ari kuhwina mukombe wekutanga. Iye, zvisinei, haagone kumira munzira yekuvaka Humambo hwaMwari .. Nekuuya kwaKristu Mudzikunuri, vanhu vanobviswa kubva parufu rweDhiabhori. NeRubhabhatidzo rweNoyera, munhu anofa kuzvivi uye akamuka kuupenyu hutsva.

Vakatendeka vanogara uye vanofa muna Kirisito vanowana mufaro usingaperi kunyange kusati kwaziviswa kwekudzoka kwake semutongi (parousia); mushure mekufa kwavo kwemubatanidzwa ndiko kumuka kwekutanga, chimiro nechinangwa icho chakanangana nerombo re "kutonga pamwe na Kristu": "Nyora: Vakaropafadzwa senge zvevakafa vanofa munaIshe" (Rev 14: 13). Vakafira kutenda uye nevatsvene, chokwadi, ivo vava vagovani vemuKumambo hweKudenga uye vakasunungurwa kubva "kurufu rwechipiri", izvo zvichaitika pakupera kwenyika nekutonga kwakasimba uye kusingawanikwe kwaKristu (ona mufananidzo wemurume akapfuma naRazaro murombo, Lk 16,18: 31).

Rufu, nekudaro, iro ronda romuviri, parinotibata muchivi, rakagadzirirwa mweya se "kufa kwekutanga". "Rufu rwechipiri" ndirwo rusisina mukana wekumuka kuvakafa, kutongwa kusingaperi, pasina kupunyuka, izvo zvichaitika pakupera kwenguva dzakatangwa naMwari. Ipapo marudzi ose achaunganidzwa pamberi pechigaro chovushe chaKristu, vakafa vachamutswa uye "avo vakaita zvakanaka, vachamuka kuupenyu (kumuka kwechipiri: miviri inosangana pamwe nemweya), avo vakaita zvakaipa, vachamuka vachipiwa mhosva "(Jn 5: 4), uye ichave" rufu rwechipiri ”, iyo yekusingaperi. Michael, mutumwa wekururamisira kwaMwari, akatokunda, nesimba rinouya kwaari kubva kuna Mwari, achasunga nengetani uye nguva ino achakanda satan kubva pasi murima regomba rakadzikadzika richazovhara pamusoro pake, "zvekuti kunyengedza vanhu vazhinji ”, ipapo achazopa makiyi aiye Anoverenga Kristu uyo ​​achagumisa iyo nhoroondo-yehutsika nyaya yevanhu: ichavhura masuwo eJerusarema idzva.

Iyi misoro yakave yakakurumbira mumabhuku, kuzvipira uye hunyanzvi kubvira pakutanga maNguva Ekutanga. Mutumwa mukuru Mikaeri, anogara akasvinura kurwisa Wakaipa, anowanzoratidzwa nebakatwa kana pfumo pachiitiko chekutsika-tsika chishato-chikara, Satani, iye zvino akundwa. Vazhinji maartist, kazhinji mune iyo yose kutonga kwese, vakamiratidzawo Mutumwa sehuremu wemweya munzira dzakasiyana: dzimwe nguva mweya unoiswa pamabvi awo pachiyero, nepo mune imwe kune mazita chikwereti, mabhuku echikwereti, madhimoni madiki anomiririra zvivi; zvimwe zvinomiririra, zvinehupenyu uye zvine hunyanzvi, tsanangura kuedza kwakaitwa nemadhimoni kuti abve pane uremu nekurembera pahwendefa yemedzo kuti uregedze.

Zvakare zvekare zvinonakidza ndeyezasi-zororo rinoshongedza guva raMutongi Henry II (973 - 1002) rakagadzirwa naTi-Manu Riemenschueider (1513) mukatikati yeBamberg. Humambo hutsvene uyu akange apa goblet kuGarganic Sangment, parizvino muMuseum yeBam-berg: St. Lawrence inoisa chalice pachiyero chePedatore yamwari, nekudaro ichisungirira ndiro parutivi ine iro quae fecit, nepo mamwe madhimoni vanopopota vakamiswa pasofa.

Yekupedzisira Kutonga yaive iri dingindira iyo huru uye diki artists yakapinda, kubva Giotto kusvika kushoma kuzivikanwa Rinaldo kubva Taranto naGiovanni Baronzio kubva kuRimini (zana ramakore rechigumi nemana), kubva kuna Fra Angelico (1387-1455) kuna Miche-langelo mukuru. kune iyo Flemish Vari der Weyden uye Memling. Hatigone kupedzisa iyi noter pasina kutanga tataura zvakaisvonaka zvakagadzirwa, muna 1999, mune yechipiri yakavanzika chapel yepapa, nhanho shomanene kubva kuSistine imwe, iyo ine zita "Redemptoris Mater".

Iri basa rakaitwa naTomas Spidlik, Moravian, pamwe nekubatana kwaMark Ivan Rupnik, Slovenia kubva kuZadlog, weRussia Alexander Komoukhov uye wemuItaly mosaicist Rino Pastorutti akarayirwa naGiovanni Palo II. Rondedzero iyi inoshamisa, inokatyamadza inorondedzera mafaro ekuponeswa kubva kuTestamente Itsva muchimiro chakachena, chisingawanzo kuvezwa-chine musoro. Zviri, zvakadaro, parusvingo rwekupinda kuti iyo apocalyptic chiratidzo chenguva pfupi yapfuura inosvetukira kuziso: Kristu mutongi, mapoka evatambi nemazita avo akanyorwa mumutauro wega wega, weva Katurike uye nekureurura kumwe, lute-frog Elizabeth von Tadden, akaurayiwa nevaNazi, kana Orthodox Pavel Florenskij, akabatwa nevaSoviet. Asingamutswe akamutswa ose akaratidzirwa ne "tau" yeruponeso ...

Uye ipapo kutonga kwekupedzisira: arano-gelo Michele anoisa ruoko pachiyero kuti ape uremu hwakawanda kumabasa akanaka, nepo mukati metsvuku tsvuku yegomba rakadzika dhimoni rinodonha. Panoratidzwa nyika yezuva, mwana achitamba bhora, anorwadziwa aine bhodhi, ari tekinoroji nekombuta uye, mune kona, kuna John Paul II aine chechi yake mumaoko , semutengi.

Kwemakore makumi mashanu ekuzvarwa kwake kwehupirisita, Papa Wojtyla akange agamuchira sechipo kubva kumakadhiinari huwandu hwemari iyo yaaifunga kuti achapa mukubatanidzwazve kubvisirwa chapel, achida kuzadzisa pfungwa yekugadzira chinguva muVictoria art uye kutenda izvo zvaive chiratidzo chemubatanidzwa pakati peEast neWest. Chiroto chakatsikirirwa uye chakatsvanywa nekudziya uye tenacity: chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zvaakaratidza pontifrate yake uye isingakanganwiki, mufananidzo mukuru weMufundisi weChechi yePasirese uyo, isu tine chokwadi, akaperekedzwa nengirozi huru Michael uye akagamuchirwa muParadhiso. kubva kunaAmai anodikanwa waMwari, anogara achifemerwa ("Totus Tuus"), iye zvino anogashira mubairo wekunyaradza kusingaperi mukufungisisa kwakarongeka kweUtatu Hutsvene.

Kwazvakabva: http://www.preghiereagesuemaria.it/